托福閱讀-題材結(jié)構(gòu)科目分類TPO 1-54

,結(jié)構(gòu),體裁

自然科學(xué),,

一、地質(zhì)學(xué),,

冰川類,,

1OG2-3:GreenIcebergs,現(xiàn)象到解釋:形成過程,Exposition

2TPO15:GlacierFormation,現(xiàn)象到解釋:形成過程,Exposition

3TPO19:DiscoveringTheIceAges,,

地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象/地理類,,

1OG1-3:GeologyandLandscape,現(xiàn)象到解釋:形成過程:對比,Exposition

2TPO01:Groundwater,現(xiàn)象到解釋,Exposition

3TPO02:DesertFormation,現(xiàn)象到解釋:原因:分類,Exposition

4TPO03:DepletionofTheOgallalaAquifer,現(xiàn)象到解釋,Exposition

5TPO07:TheGeologicHistoryofTheMediterranean,現(xiàn)象到解釋:形成過程,Historical

6TPO12:WaterinTheDesert,,

7TPO20:FossilPreservation,現(xiàn)象到解釋:分類,Exposition

8TPO21:GeothermalEnergy,,

9TPO24:LakeWater,,

10TPO28-1:Groundwater,現(xiàn)象到解釋,Exposition

11TPO27-2:TheFormationofVolcanicIslands,現(xiàn)象到解釋,Exposition

12TPO45-1:Microscopes--TheBeringiaLandscape,,

13TPO49-1:AncientCoastlines,,

14TPO52-1:StreamDeposit,,

15TPO53-2:RainForestSoils,,

16TPO35-1:Earth’sAge,,

17TPO36-1:SoilFormation,,

18TPO36-2:EarlyIdeasAboutDeep-seaBiology,,

二、天文學(xué),,

火星類,,

1TPO08:RunningWaterOnMars,,

2TPO25:TheSurfaceofMars,,

其他行星類,,

1TPO16:PlanetsinOurSolarSystem,現(xiàn)象到解釋:對比,Exposition

2TPO22:TheAllendeMeteorite,,

3TPO41-2:ClimateofVenus,,

4TPO42-3:CallistoandGanymede,,

5TPO50-3:StarDeath,,

6TPO51-2:SurfaceFluidsonVenusandEarth,,

生物科學(xué),,

一、植物學(xué),,

1Sample:OpportunityandCompetitors,現(xiàn)象到解釋:對比,Exposition

2TPO01:TimberlineVegetationonMountains,現(xiàn)象到解釋,Exposition

3TPO05:MineralsandPlants,,

4TPO09:TheArrivalofPlantLifeinHawaii,現(xiàn)象到解釋:總分,Historical

5TPO22:Spartina,,

6TPO25:TheEvolutionaryOriginofPlants,,

7TPO32-1:PlantColonization,,

8TPO34-3:ProtectionofPlantsbyInsects,,

10TPO44-3:Seagrasses,,

11TPO45-2:WindPollination,,

12TPO35-3:SeasonalSuccessionInPhytoplankon,,

13TPO38-3:TransgenicPlants,,

二、動物學(xué),,

動物特點(diǎn),,

1OG:SwimmingMachines,現(xiàn)象到解釋,Exposition

2OG2-1:FeedingHabitsofEastAfricanHerbivores,,

3TPO04:DeerPopulationofThePugetSound,,

4TPO13:BiologicalClock,,

5TPO15:AWarm-bloodedTurtle,現(xiàn)象到解釋,Exposition

6TPO17-3:SymbioticRelationship,現(xiàn)象描述:分類,Exposition

7EX2-1:HabitatsandChipmunkSpecies,,

8EX2-2:CetaceanIntelligence,,

9TPO40-3:AmphibianThermoregulation,,

10TPO47-2:TermiteIngenuity,,

11TPO47-3:CoralReefs,,

12TPO38-2:TheRaccoons'sSuccess,,

動物變化,,

1Sample:MeteoriteImpactandDinosaurExtinction,,

2TPO05:TheCambrianExplosion,,

3TPO08:ExtinctionofTheDinosaurs,,

4TPO15:MassExtinctions,現(xiàn)象到解釋:分類,Exposition

5TPO30-2:ThePaceofEvolutionaryChange,理論解釋（新舊對比）,

6TPO31-1:SpeciationinGeographicallyIsolatedPopulations,現(xiàn)象到解釋（含研究）,

9TPO42-1:GeographicIsolationofSpecies,,

7TPO33-3:ExtinctionEpisodesofthePast,,

8TPO42-2:ExplainingDinosaurExtinction,,

9TPO44-1:FromFishtoTerrestrialVertebrates,,

10TPO36-3:IndustrialMelanism:TheCaseofthePepperedMoth,,

11TPO39-2:TheExtinctionofMoa,,

12TPO54-2:OverkilloftheNorthAmericanMegafauna,,

動物行為,,

1TPO02:TheOriginsofCetaceans,,

2TPO11:BeggingbyNestlings,現(xiàn)象到解釋（含研究）,Exposition

3TPO11:OrientationandNavigation,,

4TPO17:AnimalSignalsinTheRainForest,現(xiàn)象描述:分類,Exposition

5TPO30-1RoleofPlayinDevelopment,現(xiàn)象到解釋（含研究）,Exposition

6TPO29-2:Competition,現(xiàn)象到解釋（含研究）,Exposition

7TPO28-3:BuckRubsandBuckScrapes,現(xiàn)象到解釋（含研究）,Exposition

8TPO27-3:Predator-PreyCycles,現(xiàn)象到解釋（含研究）,Exposition

9TPO32-3:DistributionsofTropicalBeeColonies,,

10TPO45-3:FeedingStrategiesintheOcean,,

11TPO48-2:DeterminingDinosaurDiet,,

12TPO37-2:DirectSpeciesTranslocation,,

三、生態(tài)/環(huán)境/能源,,

1TPO03:TheLong-TermStabilityofEcosystems,現(xiàn)象到解釋,Exposition

"2TPO19:Succession,Climax,andEcosystems",,

3TPO26:SurvivalofPlantsandAnimalsinDesertConditions,,

4EX1-3:WhatisaCommunity?,,

5TPO31-3:SavannaFormation,現(xiàn)象到解釋總分:分類,

6TPO40-2:LatitudeandBiodiversity,,

7TPO46-3:EcosystemDiversityandStability,,

8TPO39-3:ForestFireSuppression,,

1TPO10:VariationsinTheClimate,,

2TPO18:Lightning,現(xiàn)象到解釋:形成過程,Exposition

3TPO23:UrbanClimates,,

4EX1-1:PopulationandClimate,,

5TPO43-3:ElNino,,

6TPO48-3:ClimateandUrbanDevelopment,,

1Sample:ElectricityfromWind,起源及發(fā)展,Historical

2TPO04:PetroleumResources,,

3TPO29-3:TheHistoryofWaterpower,起源及發(fā)展,Historical

4TPO43-2:TheOriginofPetroleum,,

社會科學(xué),,

一、藝術(shù)繪畫/雕塑/陶瓷/文字,,

1Sample:LascauxCavePaintings,現(xiàn)象到解釋總分:分類,Historical

2TPO04:CaveArtinEurope,,Historical

3TPO10:ChinesePottery,,Historical

4TPO11:AncientEgyptianSculpture,,Historical

5TPO23:RockArtoftheAustralianAborigines,,Historical

6TPO27-1:CraftsintheAncientnearEast,現(xiàn)象到解釋,Historical

7TPO29-1:CharacteristicsofRomanPottery,現(xiàn)象到解釋,Historical

8TPO34-1:IslamicArtandtheBook,,

9TPO41-1:NavajoArt,,

10TPO46-1:TheOriginsofWriting,,

6TPO26:SumerandTheFirstCitiesofTheAncientNearEast,,

11TPO52-2:NatufianCulture,,

12TPO53-1:EvidenceoftheEarliestWriting,,

13TPO53-3:PaleolithicCavePaintings,,

14TPO39-1:EarlyWritingSystems,,

建筑/戲劇/電影/攝影,,

1OG:AppliedArtsandFineArts,現(xiàn)象描述:分類,Exposition

2TPO01:TheOriginsofTheater,,

3TPO02:EarlyCinema,起源及發(fā)展,Historical

4TPO03:Architecture,,

5TPO12:TransitiontoSoundinFilm,,

6TPO22:TheBirthofPhotography,,

7TPO44-2:TheUseoftheCameraObscura,,

8TPO37-3:ModernArchitectureInTheUnitedStates,,

二、歷史/考古學(xué)/工業(yè)化介紹,,

1OG:ArtisansandIndustrialization,,

2TPO06:PoweringTheIndustrialRevolution,,

3TPO18:IndustrializationinTheNetherlandsandScandinavia,,

4TPO26:EnergyandtheIndustrialRevolution,,

5TPO30-3:TheInventionoftheMechanicalClock,起源及發(fā)展,Historical

6TPO34-2:TheDevelopmentofSteamPower,,

7TPO49-2:MovableType,,

8TPO49-3:BackgroundfortheIndustrialRevolution,,

貿(mào)易/經(jīng)濟(jì)介紹,,

1TPO10:Seventeenth-CenturyEuropeanEconomicGrowth,,

2TPO14:PastoralisminAncientInnerEurasia,,

3TPO16-1:TradeandTheAncientMiddleEast,,

4TPO17-1:Europe’sEarlySeaTradewithAsia,現(xiàn)象到解釋:總分,Historical

5TPO25:TheDeclineofVenetianShipping,,

6TPO46-2:TheCommercialRevolutioninMedievalEurope,,

7TPO54-1:TheCommercializationofLumber,,

農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展介紹,,

"1TPO07:Agriculture,Iron,andTheBantuPeoples",,

2TPO21:TheOriginsofAgriculture,,

3TPO23:Seventeenth-CenturyDutchAgriculture,現(xiàn)象到解釋:總分,Historical

"4TPO32-2:Siam,1851-1910",,

5TPO33-2:RailroadsandCommercialAgricultureinNineteenth-CenturyUnitedStates,,

6TPO52-3:EarlyFoodProductioninSub-SaharanAfrica,,

國家/城市特點(diǎn),,

1OG1-1:Nineteenth-CenturyPoliticsinTheUnitedStates,,

2TPO07-2:AncientRomeandGreece,現(xiàn)象到解釋:總分:Classification,Historical

3TPO08:TheRiseofTeotihuacan,,

4TPO14:MayaWaterProblems,,

5TPO19:TheRomanArmy’sImpactonBritain,,

6TPO26:SumerandTheFirstCitiesofTheAncientNearEast,,

7EX2-3:AModelofUrbanExpansion,,

8TPO40-1:AncientAthens,,

9TPO41-3:TradeandEarlyStateFormation,,

10TPO43-1:TheEmpireofAlexandertheGreat,,

11TPO47-1:RomanCulturalInfluenceonBritain,,

12TPO50-1:AmericanRailroads,,

13TPO50-2:TheAchievementofBrazilianIndependence,,

14TPO51-1:Memphis:UnitedEgypt'sFirstCapital,,

人口變化特點(diǎn),,

1TPO05:TheOriginsofThePacificIslandPeople,,

2TPO09:ColonizingTheAmericasViaTheNorthwestCoast,,

3TPO20:WestwardMigration,現(xiàn)象到解釋:Classification,Historical

4TPO20:EarlySettlementinTheSouthwestAsia,,

5TPO24:MovingintoPueblos,,

6TPO28-2:EarlySaharanPastoralists,現(xiàn)象到解釋:總分,Historical

7TPO33-1:TheFirstCivilizations,,

8EX1-2:EuropeintheTwelfthCentury,,