外交學院翻譯及答案

外交學院2004年攻讀碩士外交學院2004年攻讀碩士學位研究生入學考試外國語言學與應(yīng)用語言學專業(yè)考試科目：翻譯代碼為Thistestpaperconsistsoftwoparts,namely,EnglishintoChinesetranslationandChineseintoEnglishtranslation.Thetotalhoursofworkis3hours.＝150PartOne:EnglishintoChineseDirections:Translatethefollowing2passagesintoChinese;readthewholetextscarefullytogetageneralimpressionofthecontentsandgiveyourtranslationsinthesheetslocallyprovided.Tofacilitategrading,thetextshavebeenbrokenintogroupsofsentences,eachgroupbeinggivenaserialnumber,therefore,wheneachversion.PleasewriteneatlyandPassage⑴Thenewenvironmentalhealthproblemsaremultiple-createdbyradiationinallitsforms,bornofthenever-endingstreamofchemicalsofwhichpesticidesareapart,chemicalsnowpervadingtheworldinwhichwelive,actinguponusdirectlyandindirectly,separatelyandcollectively.Theirpresencecastsashadowthatisnolessominousbecauseitisformlessandobscure,nolessfrighteningbecauseitissimplyimpossibletopredicttheeffectsoflifetimeexposuretochemicalandphysicalagentsthatarenotpartofthebiologicalexperienceofman.⑵“Weallliveunderthehauntingfearthatsomethingmaycorrupttheenvironmenttothepointwheremanjoinsthedinosaursasanobsoleteformoflife,”saysDr.DavidPriceoftheUnitedStatesPublicHealthService.“Andwhatmakesthesethoughtsallthemoredisturbingistheknowledgethatourfatecouldperhapsbesealedtwentyormoreyearsbeforethedevelopmentof⑶Wheredopesticidesfitintothepictureofenvironmentaldisease?Wehaveseenthattheynowcontaminatesoil,water,andfood,thattheyhavethepowertomakeourstreamsfishlessandourgardensandwoodlandssilentandbirdless.Man,howevermuchhemayliketopretendthecontrary,ispartofnature.Canheescapeapollutionthatisnowsothoroughlydistributedthroughoutour⑷Weknowthatevensingleexposurestothesechemicals,iftheamountisenough,canprecipitateacutepoisoning.Butthisisnotthemajorproblem.suddenillnessordeathoffarmers,spraymen,pilots,andothersexposedappreciablequantitiesofpesticidesaretragicandshouldnotoccur.populationasawhole,wemustbemoreconcernedwiththedelayedeffectsofsmallamountsofthepesticidesthatinvisiblycontaminateour⑸Responsiblepublic⑸Responsiblepublichealthofficialshavepointedoutthatthebiologicaleffectsofchemicalsarecumulativeoverlongperiodsoftime,andthatarehazardtotheindividualmaydependonthesumoftheexposuresreceivedthroughouthislifetime.Fortheseveryreasonsthedangeriseasilyignored.Itishumannaturetoshrugoffwhatmayseemtousavaguethreatoffuturedisaster.“Menarenaturallymostimpressedbydiseaseswhichhaveobviousmanifestations,”saysawisephysician,Dr.RenéDubos,yetsomeoftheirworstenemiescreeponthemPassage⑹Longer-rangeassessmentsneedtodisentangletheshort-termpreoccupationsandactionsandimposesomekindofframeworkofexplanationwithoutbecomingunnecessarilydistractedbytheshort-termorimmediateactions.Decisions,whicharethecomponentpartsofpolicy,haveacontext.Itisessentialthereforetoanalysewhetherasimilarmoveordecisionhasbeenmadebythatcountrybeforeorwhetheritisanapparentdepartureinpolicy.⑺Again,anassessmentoftheimportanceofahigh-levelvisitmustnotonlytakeintoaccountthelevelatwhichitwasconducted,theextenttowhichthevisitwasperhapslargelyceremonialandthescopeoftheagenda,butalsomeasureitagainstwhat,ifanything,wasachievedinthelastanalogousvisit.Injournalisticassessments,preoccupationwiththeday-to-dayaspectsofforeignpolicyinevitablyaffectsthemetaphorsofexplanation.Forexample,themetaphoroftheUnitedStates‘playingtheChinacard’isoftenusedinthecontextofSino-Americanrelations.⑻AssessmentsofRussianFederationpolicytendtofocusexcessivelyonleadershippolitics,attemptingtoseesplitsbetween‘conservatives’and‘reformers’.Metaphorsofthistypehavetheeffectofobscuringothermoreprobableorcomplexreasonsforbehavioursuchasorganizational,bureaucratic,historicalandexternalinfluences.Foreignpolicyisoftenconductedatmultiplelevels.Theaudiencecanbeinternalorexternal,regionalorinternational,publicorPartTwo:ChineseintoEnglishDirections:Translatethefollowing3passagesintoEnglish;readthewholetextscarefullytogetageneralimpressionofthecontentsandgiveyourtranslationsinthesheetslocallyprovided.Tofacilitategrading,thetextshavebeenbrokenintogroupsofsentences,eachgroupbeinggivenaserialnumber,therefore,whenyouwriteyourversions,youMUSTQUOTEtheserialnumberalso,putthenumberbeforeeachversion.PleasewriteneatlyandPassage(9外國的說法，不管多么中聽，如果要引用，也最好稍稍考證一下。美國大兵人手經(jīng)過核實確認，這不是事實。讀讀本書中“美國人的說法就那么重要？”也許會有些啟發(fā)Passage)8同(13)中國認為，在當前的形勢下，應(yīng)該繼續(xù)堅持和切實遵守《聯(lián)合國憲章》的宗旨和原則，并聯(lián)合國是這個世界的縮影，一個強有力的聯(lián)合國是世界希望之所在。為了建立人類美未來，首先應(yīng)該把這里變成一個相互合作的舞臺，而非彼此指責的角斗任何國家都不是由圣人組成的，都沒有權(quán)利向他人投出偏見的石故耶參考答外交學院2004年攻讀碩士學位研究生入學考試外國語言學與應(yīng)用語言學專業(yè)考試科目：翻譯代碼為Thistestpaperconsistsoftwoparts,namely,EnglishintoChinesetranslationandChineseintoEnglishtranslation.Thetotalhoursofworkis3hours.＝150PartOne:EnglishintoChineseDirections:Translatethefollowing2passagesintoChinese;readthewholetextscarefullytogetageneralimpressionofthecontentsandgiveyourtranslationsinthesheetslocallyprovided.Tofacilitategrading,thetextshavebeenbrokenintogroupsofsentences,eachgroupbeinggivenaserialnumber,therefore,wheneachversion.PleasewriteneatlyandPassage⑴Thenewenvironmentalhealthproblemsaremultiple-createdbyradiationinallitsforms,bornofthenever-endingstreamofchemicalsofwhichpesticidesareapart,chemicalsPassage⑴Thenewenvironmentalhealthproblemsaremultiple-createdbyradiationinallitsforms,bornofthenever-endingstreamofchemicalsofwhichpesticidesareapart,chemicalsnowpervadingtheworldinwhichwelive,actinguponusdirectlyandindirectly,separatelyandcollectively.Theirpresencecastsashadowthatisnolessominousbecauseitisformlessandobscure,nolessfrighteningbecauseitissimplyimpossibletopredicttheeffectsoflifetimeexposuretochemicalandphysicalagentsthatarenotpartofthebiologicalexperienceof⑵“Weallliveunderthehauntingfearthatsomethingmaycorrupttheenvironmenttothepointwheremanjoinsthedinosaursasanobsoleteformoflife,”saysDr.allthemoredisturbingistheknowledgethatourfatecouldperhapsbesealedtwentyormoreyearsbeforethedevelopmentof⑶Wheredopesticidesfitintothepictureofenvironmentaldisease?Wehaveseenthattheynowcontaminatesoil,water,andfood,thattheyhavethepowertomakeourstreamsfishlessandourgardensandwoodlandssilentandbirdless.Man,howevermuchhemayliketopretendthecontrary,ispartofnature.Canheescapeapollutionthatisnowsothoroughlydistributedthroughoutour⑷Weknowthatevensingleexposurestothesechemicals,iftheamountislargeenough,canprecipitateacutepoisoning.Butthisisnotthemajorproblem.Thesuddenillnessordeathoffarmers,spraymen,pilots,andothersexposedtoappreciablequantitiesofpesticidesaretragicandshouldnotoccur.Forthepopulationasawhole,wemustbemoreconcernedwiththedelayedeffectsofabsorbingsmallamountsofthepesticidesthatinvisiblycontaminateour中污染世中污染世界的微量殺蟲劑所造成的影響，而這種影響在短時間內(nèi)又不會顯現(xiàn)出⑸Responsiblepublichealthofficialshavepointedoutthatthebiologicaleffectsofchemicalsarecumulativeoverlongperiodsoftime,andthatarehazardtotheindividualmaydependonthesumoftheexposuresreceivedthroughouthislifetime.Fortheseveryreasonsthedangeriseasilyignored.Itishumannaturetoshrugoffwhatmayseemtousavaguethreatoffuturedisaster.“Menarenaturallymostimpressedbydiseaseswhichhaveobviousmanifestations,”saysawisephysician,Dr.RenéDubos,yetsomeoftheirworstenemiescreeponthem不客氣地摸到身邊了Passage⑹Longer-rangeassessmentsneedtodisentangletheshort-termpreoccupationsandactionsandimposesomekindofframeworkofexplanationwithoutbecomingunnecessarilydistractedbytheshort-termorimmediateactions.Decisions,whicharethecomponentpartsofpolicy,haveacontext.Itisessentialthereforetoanalysewhetherasimilarmoveordecisionhasbeenmadebythatcountrybeforeorwhetheritisanapparentdeparturein類似的決定或行動，或者做出的決定或行動是否與政策相悖，是非常重要⑺Again,anassessmentoftheimportanceofahigh-levelvisitmustnotonlytakeintoaccountthelevelatwhichitwasconducted,theextenttowhichthevisitwasperhapslargelyceremonialandthescopeoftheagenda,butalsomeasureitagainstwhat,ifanything,wasachievedinthelastanalogousvisit.policyinevitablyaffectsthemetaphorsofexplanation.Forexample,themetaphoroftheUnitedStates‘playingtheChinacard’isoftenusedinthecontextofSino-American從新聞界的角度來講，對日常外交政策的各方面的了解無疑會影響到措辭。比如，在涉及中⑻AssessmentsofRussianFederationpolicytend⑻AssessmentsofRussianFederationpolicytendtofocusexcessivelyonleadershippolitics,attemptingtoseesplitsbetween‘conservatives’and‘reformers’.Metaphorsofthistypehavetheeffectofobscuringothermoreprobableorcomplexreasonsforbehavioursuchasorganizational,bureaucratic,historicalandexternalinfluences.Foreignpolicyisoftenconductedatmultiplelevels.Theaudiencecanbeinternalorexternal,regionalorinternational,publicor能是國外的；可能是地區(qū)范圍的，也可能是國際范圍的；可能在公眾領(lǐng)域，也可能在私下PartTwo:ChineseintoEnglishDirections:Translatethefollowing3passagesintoEnglish;readthewholetextscarefullytogetageneralimpressionofthecontentsandgiveyourtranslationsinthesheetslocallyprovided.Tofacilitategrading,thetextshavebeenbrokenintogroupsofsentences,eachgroupbeinggivenaserialnumber,therefore,wheneachversion.PleasewriteneatlyandPassage(9)我見到的多數(shù)美國人，通情達理，對中國挺友好，但也有少數(shù)人對中國有偏見。丁孝文記的傲慢與自以為是MostoftheAmericansIgetalongwitharereasonableandfriendlytoChinesepeople,andonlyaminorityofthemholdsprejudicetowardsChina.DingXiaowennoteddownadialoguebetweenhimandanoldAmericanladywhoself-claimedaformerAmericanambassador.Withveryfewwordsgivingavividpictureofthearroganceandself-righteousnessheldbyaminorityofpeoplespecializedin美國是發(fā)達國家，先進的東西比較多，中國的東西能得到美國人的稱贊本來是件好中國也有理由為自己悠久的歷史和改革開放最新的成果感到自豪。但總有少數(shù)人，過分熱于用外國人，特別是美國人的一些說法來抬高自己，這實在大可不必TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountrywithmoreadvancedthingsthanotherlatestachievementsintheprocessofreformandopentotheoutsideworld.However,ahandfulofpersonsareexcessivelyeagertocreateahigherprofileofthemselveswithsomeideasoftheforeignersespeciallythoseofAmericans.Suchbehaviorsarefarfrom(11)No(11)Nomatterhowsweetandreasonabletheforeignideassound,thereshouldbeaninvestigationbeforeintroduction.It'ssaidthateveryAmericansoldiercarriesaMilitaryGuidebySunzitofightinthegulfwarandtheportraitofLeifengishighlyhangedintheWestPoint.Suchwordswerepopularamongmanypeople.Afterverification,DingXiaowenconcludedthesesayingsuntrue.Onemaybeenlightenedbythewords"Americans'ideasarethatimportant?"inthePassageOverhalfacenturyago,ourforefathersworkedtogethertogivebirthtotheUnitedNations.Thepast58yearssawtheorganization'snotableaccomplishmentsinpreservingpeaceinregionsandaroundtheworldandpromotinghumandevelopmentandprogress.ThespiritoftheUNCharter,characterizedbysuchwordsas"tolivetogetherinpeacewithoneanotherasgoodneighbors"and"topromotesocialprogressandbetterstandardsoflifeinlargefreedom",hasbeenwidelyacceptedintheinternational(13)Chinamaintainsthat;underthecurrentsituation,thepurposesandprinciplesoftheUNChartershouldbeadheredtoandearnestlyabidedbywithaviewtorealizingdemocracyandruleoflawininternational