Unit+2+Out+of+this+world+Grammar+and+Usage+ Integrated+Skills+課件-【知識精講精研】高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第三冊

Unit2OutofthisworldGrammarandUsage&IntegratedSkillsVocabulary1.crucialbecrucialto/for...對……至關(guān)重要playacrucialrole/partin...在……中起至關(guān)重要的作用Itiscrucialthat…至關(guān)重要的是……練習：Thislastpointis________.crucial2.comprisebecomprisedof.…包括/包含……，由……組成或構(gòu)成練習：Theseobjects__________functionsanddataofthesystem.comprise3.foundationlaya(firm/solid)foundationfor…為……打下（堅實的）基礎(chǔ)foundvt.創(chuàng)建，創(chuàng)辦；興建（城鎮(zhèn)或國家）；把……建立在。befoundedon…建立在……基礎(chǔ)上（近義詞組為bebasedon）foundern.創(chuàng)辦者，發(fā)起人練習：Itlaidsolid___________forthedevelopmentofthelocalarea.foundation4.plaintosee相當于clear或obvious。練習：It's_____toseethatstudentsshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.plainLead-inDoyouknowwhattheyare?GalileotelescopeFAST(Five-hundred-meterApertureSphericalTelescope)500米口徑球面射電望遠鏡，也被稱為“中國天眼”Let’swatchavideooftelescope!ReadingReadthearticleonpage20andfillinthetable.TheuseoftelescopestoexplorespaceTimeBreakthroughsUseIn1990TheKeplerSpaceTelescopeInrecentyearsTodetectcommunicationsignalsbetweenthestarsintheuniverseTheHubbleSpaceTelescopeToseefurtherthanground-basedtelescopes;toplayacrucialroleinthediscoveryofthemysteriousdarkenergyIn2009TosearchforEarth-sizeplanetsorbitingotherstarsFASTGrammarWhatissubject?主語即“動作的發(fā)出者”（主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)中）或者“表述的對象”（主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中），一般放在句首，有時也放在中間或者句尾。充當主語的可以是名詞、代詞；也可以是短語、不定式；甚至可以是整個句子。1).名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞做主語2).不定式/名詞化短語做主語3).從句做主語4).

“it”充當形式主語，真正的主語則放在句尾Findthesentenceswithsubjectclausesandfillthebox.1.ThatHubbleisbasedinspaceallowsittoseefurtherthanground-basedtelescopes,…2.Whether

lifeonotherplanetsdoesexistisyettobeproved,butthesignsarepromising...3.Itisclear

thattelescopesarecrucialtoolsforspaceexplorationandthatdevelopingtherequiredtechnologywillhelpastronomersallovertheworldmakeexcitingdiscoveries.4.Howmuch

wewilllearnfromthetelescopesismerelylimitedbyourimagination.thatwhetheritWorkingouttherulesSubjectclausesSubjectclauses主語從句的連接詞：連接詞連接代詞連接副詞that，whether，ifwhat,which,who,whom,whose,whatever，whichever,whoever,whomeverwhen,where,why,howSubjectclauses一、that引導的主語從句1.that在主語從句中不充當句子成分，也沒有含義，只起連接作用，但通常不能省略。ThatLucywasadmittedtotheuniversitymadeusveryhappy.露西被這所大學錄取了，我們非常開心。Thattheorymustgohandinhandwithpracticeisaprincipleweshouldalwayskeepinmind.理論必須與實踐相結(jié)合是我們應該永遠牢記的一項原則。Subjectclauses2.that引導的從句作主語時，為避免頭重腳輕，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主語，而將that引導的主語從句后置，that不能省略。常用it作形式主語代替that從句的句型有以下幾種：（1）It+be+形容詞（obvious，true，natural，likely，possible，certain，etc.）+that從句.Itisobviousthatyou'vemadeabigmistake.顯然，你犯了一個大錯。Sheworkssohard.Itiscertainthatshewilldoverywellintheexam.她學習很用功。她一定會在這次考試中考得很好。注意!在“Itisnecessary/important/essential/natural+that從句”中，從句常用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用“should+動詞原形”的形式，should可以省略。Itisnecessarythatyou(should)remembertheseEnglishwords.你有必要記住這些英語單詞。Subjectclauses（2）It+be+名詞短語（nowonder，anhonor，apity，goodnews，nosurprise，afact，ashame，etc.）+that從句。?Hestayeduptillmidnightlastnight.Itisnowonderthathefeelssosleepytoday.昨晚他熬夜到午夜。難怪他今天感覺這么困。?Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯這樣的錯誤真是遺憾。?It'snosurprisethatourteamhaswonthegame.我們隊贏了這場比賽不足為奇。（3）It+be+過去分詞（said，believed，reported，thought，expected，decided，agreed，suggested，etc.）+that從句。?Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.據(jù)說，有大約20%的25歲至34歲的人和他們的父母住在一起，相比于1991年的16%。?Itisreportedthatnopassengerswereinjuredintheaccident.據(jù)報道，這起事故中沒有乘客受傷。注意!當過去分詞是suggested，advised，ordered，requested，required等表示建議、要求、命令等的詞語時，從句要用虛擬語氣，即從句的謂語用"should+動詞原形"的形式，should可以省略。?Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.有人建議會議延期舉行。Subjectclauses二、whether/if引導的主語從句Subjectclauseswhether/if在從句中不充當句子成分，僅起連接作用，意為“是否”。whether引導的主語從句可置于句首，也可置于句末；而if引導的主語從句不能置于句首，只能置于句末。?Whetherthemeetingwillbeheldontimeisstillaquestionbecauseofthehurricane.由于颶風的影響，這次會議是否會如期舉行還是個問題。?Itisstillunderdiscussionwhether/iftheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotel.是否該把這個舊的公共汽車站換成一家現(xiàn)代化的旅館仍在討論中。Subjectclauses三、連接代詞引導的主語從句連接代詞who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever等引導主語從句時，既起連接作用，同時在從句中又充當主語、賓語或表語等成分。Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.昨天是誰打破的玻璃還不清楚。WhatIreallyneedatpresentisyourunderstandingandsupport.我現(xiàn)在真正需要的是你的理解和支持。Whichcaryouwillchoosetobuymakesnodifference.你選擇買哪輛車沒有什么區(qū)別。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.任何人觸犯法律都應受到懲罰。Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.這里所說的一切都必須保密。Subjectclauses四、連接副詞引導的主語從句連接副詞

引導主語從句時,既是連接詞，又在主語從句中作狀語；where作地點狀語；when作時間狀語；why作原因狀語；how作方式狀語。連接副詞引導主語從句時，也常用it作形式主語。Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.我們還沒有決定何時舉行運動會。Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlestoscientists.對科學家們來說，生命在地球上是如何開始的是最大的困惑之一。ApplyingtherulesB1Circlethemistakeandcorrectthemintheblanks.1Thespacemissionwentsowellwasbeyondourexpectations.SubjectclausePredicateverblackofawordintroducingtheclauseThatthespacemissionwentsowellwasbeyondourexpectations.2Whethertheyareabletogrowmorevegetablesdependonhowmuchtimeittakes.Subjectclause（）v.thirdpersonsingularWhethertheyareabletogrowmorevegetablesdependsonhowmuchtimeittakes.3Itwasnotclearhowlonghewillstayonthespacestation.preparatorysubjectSubjectclausewrongtenseItisnotclearhowlonghewouldstayonthespacestation.4WhatthelunarprobedidnotlandwasaworryforthepeoplebackontheEarth.SubjectclausetheclauseisastatementThatthelunarprobedidnotlandwasaworryforthepeoplebackontheEarth.5ThatmakestheChinesepeoplehappyisthatChinahassuccessfullylaunchedaspacerocket.SubjectclausetheclauseisaquestionWhatmakestheChinesepeoplehappyisthatChinahassuccessfullylaunchedaspacerocket.B2Completethepassagewiththecorrectsubjectclausesintheboxbelow.ahowitlaidthefoundationforfutureexplorationbthatthedatagatheredbythemprovidedvaluableinformationcwhatadvancesChinawillmakeinthefuturedwhyChinaisoneoftheworldleadersinspaceexplorationewhatamazedthewholenationinOctober2010TheChineseLunarExplorationProgramisalsoknownastheChang’eProgram.RunbytheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration,China’sspaceagency,itcomprisesthreestages:orbiting,landing,andreturning.Theprogram’sfirstspacecraft,Chang’e1Lunarorbiter,waslaunchedinOctober2007.ItsuccessfullyorbitedandscannedtheMoon._____wasthatChang’e2reachedtheMoonwithinjustfivedays.eWithbettertechniquesandequipment,Chang’e2completedamoredetailedscanoftheMoonbeforeheadingintodeepspace.ThesuccessofthetwospacecraftshowedtheworldhowfarChinesespaceexplorationhadcome.Itwasevident_____.December2013witnessedtheChinesespacecraft’sfirstsoftlandingontheMoon.ThelandingofChang’e3provedtobeasuccessand______wasplaintosee.InJanuary2019Chang’e4succeededinlandingonthefarsideoftheMoon.baInDecember2020,Chang’e5successfullycollectedandreturnedlunarsamples.Chinahassuccessfullycompletedthethreestagesoftheprogram.However,_______isanybody’sguess.cIntegratedskillsListeningA1Circletheincorrectinformationinthefalsestatementsandcorrectitintheblanks.(1)

Jennysawthefilmlastnight.T/F(2)

JennyandBobbothenjoythefilmtheysaw.T/F(3)

Jennybelievesthere’slifeonotherplanets,butBobisnotsure.

T/F(4)

Bobhopesthealiensarefriendly.T/F(5)

ThealiensinthebookcometotheEarthtodestroyus.T/F(6)

Jennythinksthebookisboring.T/F(Jenny→Bob,Bob→Jenny)(destroy→save)(boring→exciting)ListeningA2Listentotheconversationagainandcompletethenotesbelow.fire-breathingbearsThosescientistsdestroyeverythingintelligenttranslatetheirlanguagefightoffBReadthecomicstripsandfindoutthebasicelementsinthestory.ReadingSettingCharactersOnespringeveningintheparknexttoPaul’shousePaul,aboy,andAlf,agreyalienPlot:

Paulhearsabignoiseintheparkandgoestoinvestigate.Aspaceshiplandsintheparkandoutstepsanalien.

ReadingPlot2-4:

ThegreyalieninvitesPaultothespaceship.Paulentersthespaceshipwiththealien.Paulandthealienflyintoouterspacetovisitanotherplanet.

ReadingDiscussionHowdoyoufeelwhenencouteringaliens?Howdoyoubehavewhenyouareterrified?Writing如何寫想象類作文本單元的中心話題是“地球之外”。寫作要求是針對一個漫畫片段，寫出一個遇見外星人之后，被外星人邀請去外星球參觀的故事。本單元的寫作項目屬于新課標中說明文或記敘文中的“想象類”作文。這類作文要求學生在頭腦中創(chuàng)造出從未接觸過的甚至根本不存在的新形象。想象類作文允許自由想象、自主發(fā)揮的空間較大，因此需要靈活的思維能力和豐富的想象能力。要寫好此類作文，應注意以下幾點：1.首先要確定寫作主題。確定主題，明確寫作中心，是寫好作文的前提，想象類作文也不例外。因為想象雖然可以天馬行空，但總要圍繞一個中心進行，這個中心就是主題。2.想象美好，立意深刻。想象類作文必須要有一個“美好”的中心思想。如果只是瞎編一個熱鬧離奇的故事，就失去了想象的意義。3.構(gòu)思要巧妙，想象要合理。構(gòu)思和想象是寫好此類作文的關(guān)鍵，既要合乎邏輯，又要匠心獨運，或啟迪思維，或引人入勝。4.列出寫作提綱，合理安排順序。通過合理想象列出寫作素材，然后篩選確定；最后再根據(jù)寫作對象的特點合理安排順序。5.前后一致，首尾呼應。不管允許想象的空間有多大，都要做到符合邏輯，順理成章，這一點對于寫好此類作文尤其重要。6.此類作文大多采用三段式結(jié)構(gòu)。首先可以簡要、巧妙地引出文章的話題，引起讀者的閱讀興趣。其次是文章主體要按照一定順序展開想象，說明想象的主體內(nèi)容。在最后一部分中，可以再進行總結(jié)或?qū)η熬斑M行期待。開篇常用：1.SometimesIdreamaboutmeetinganalien.However,oneday,…2.Iimaginelifeonanotherplanetfromtimetotime.Oneday,…3.Itisfascinatingtoimaginelifeonanotherplanet.4.Iamcuriousaboutlifeonanotherplanet.表達可能性常用：1.IgotontheUFOwiththealienandittookmetothedarkspace.…2.Icanstillrememberthefriendlinessofthealien.….3.Initsplanet,peoplecan...4.Whenarriving,thefirstthingIsawwas...文章結(jié)尾常用：1.Whatanunforgettableexperience!2.I'llneverforgetwhatIhaveseenonthatplanet!3.Inmyopinion,thebeautifullifeonthatplanetwillbeturnedintorealityontheEarthoneday.D