動(dòng)詞不定式復(fù)習(xí)課件

一、動(dòng)詞不定式的優(yōu)勢(shì)：可以作除了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的所有成分;動(dòng)詞不定式的缺陷：只能表示“將來(lái)和未發(fā)生”。二、動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone第一頁(yè)第二頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。不定式運(yùn)用口訣本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主、表、賓、補(bǔ)、定和狀。樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語(yǔ)它不敢。大家千萬(wàn)要當(dāng)心，有時(shí)它把句型改，作主賓時(shí)用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七個(gè)感官三使役，賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開；疑問詞后接上它，賓語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng)；邏輯主語(yǔ)不定式，不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定，各種用法區(qū)別開。第二頁(yè)第三頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。三、動(dòng)詞不定式的功能：1．名詞、形容詞、副詞。2.可作成分：除謂語(yǔ)以外的所有成分。（1）作主語(yǔ)：1.Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnecessaryforacollegestudent.2.Itisgoodmannerstohelppeopleintrouble.（形式主語(yǔ)問題）（2）作表語(yǔ)1.Yourjobistowashdishes.2.AllIdidwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.★當(dāng)作表語(yǔ)的不定式解釋主語(yǔ)中do的意義時(shí)，to可以省略。第三頁(yè)第四頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。（3）作賓語(yǔ)一些動(dòng)詞要用不定式作賓語(yǔ),常見的動(dòng)詞有want,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,expect,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,try,pretend,learn,afford,need等。Shepromisedtogivehimachance.決心學(xué)會(huì)選計(jì)劃，拒絕答應(yīng)想假裝。主動(dòng)設(shè)法愿希望，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。準(zhǔn)備威脅易聲稱，渴望申請(qǐng)敗躊躇。decide/determine,learn,choose,plan;refuse,promise,want/attempt,pretend.offer,manage,expect/wish/hope;agree,ask/beg,help.prepare,threaten,tend,claim;desire/long,apply,fail,hesitate第四頁(yè)第五頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)?！锷贁?shù)介詞后面可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)1.Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.2.Theydidn’topentheirmouthsexcepttocomplain.當(dāng)句子中含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do（做）的某種形式或有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞修飾時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式省去to,否則不省.Hedoesnothingbutplayallday.Atthenewsshedidn’tsayanythingbuttocry.Cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut之間的不定式一般不帶to,常翻譯為“不得不”Icannotbutadmirehercourage.Hecannotchoosebutdoit.Icannothelpbutloveit.第五頁(yè)第六頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。（4）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Theteachertoldhisstudentstopaymoreattentiontotheirpronunciation.A.不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，可根據(jù)需要在前加how,where,when,what等疑問詞。Couldyoutellmehowtorepairthemachine?Noonetoldmewheretofindhim.Pleaseshowuswhattodowiththesesentencepatterns.B.不定式在感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have等后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不加to,help后可加可不加.

在大多數(shù)的動(dòng)詞可接不定式短語(yǔ)做賓補(bǔ)，只有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞（五個(gè)看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二聽listento,hear等）須接不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)。Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Havehimcomein,please.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogototheconcert.第六頁(yè)第七頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。（5）作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Iwasaskedtohelphimwithhislessons.主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Shewasseentogooutaminuteago.Hewasmadetogiveupdrinking.Hewasheardpractisingsingingasongthistimeyesterday.第七頁(yè)第八頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。（6）作定語(yǔ)與所修飾詞在邏輯上有以下幾種關(guān)系Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主謂關(guān)系)Hehasanimportantmeetingtoattend.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)Hekeepshispromisetowritetousregularly.(同位關(guān)系)不定式作賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞如果不是及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)加必要的介詞Theiceistoothinforustowalkon.IhiredaroomtoliveinwhenintheUS.第八頁(yè)第九頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。（7）作目的狀語(yǔ)to可用inorderto或soasto代替（soasto不能置于句首）。ShegotofftheraininBeijingtoseeafriend.SomescientistswenttoGermanytoattendamedicalconference.Theystartedveryearlyinordernottomissthetrain.第九頁(yè)第十頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。（8）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，

而且不定式前常有only,never,強(qiáng)調(diào)驚訝或

失望。V-ing作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)一種必然的因果關(guān)系。Hehurriedtohishouse,onlytofinditwasbrokeninto.Istoodthere,nevertobefeelingsostupid.Herparentsdied,leavingheranorphan.Therewasatornadoyesterday,causing100deaths.HeseemstoknowFrench.Iexpecttohearfromyousoon.Theboypretendedtobelisteningwhentheteacherlookedathim.Heseemstohavereadthenovel.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisabouthowtostopthepollution.I’dliketohavebeentoldthenewsearlier.第十頁(yè)第十一頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。四、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1.疑問詞+不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Whentostarthasnotbeendecidedyet.Theproblemishowtopersuadehimtochangehismind.Wemustlearnwhattodoinfaceofdifficulties.Iwonderifyoucouldtellmehowtogettothestation.第十一頁(yè)第十二頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。2.帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)It’skindofyoutolendmesuchabeautifulnecklace.It’simportantforustomasteraforeignlanguage.Thefirstthingforustodoistocleantheroom.★Itisofsb.todo此結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞說(shuō)明邏輯主語(yǔ)的特征，可作邏輯主語(yǔ)的表語(yǔ)★Itisforsb.todo此結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞說(shuō)明句中行為動(dòng)詞的特征Itisfoolishofyoutosaysuchwords.Youarefoolishtosaysuchword.Itisnecessaryforustolearnourlessonswell.Wearenecessarytolearnourlessonswell.第十二頁(yè)第十三頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。動(dòng)詞不定式中的幾個(gè)難點(diǎn)第十三頁(yè)第十四頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。

一、難記住的動(dòng)詞。一些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能接帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)，這樣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞大約40個(gè)，我們可以編成口訣來(lái)輔助記憶?？谠E：決心學(xué)習(xí)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。解析：decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help.第十四頁(yè)第十五頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。二、難辨清的動(dòng)詞。有些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后既可以接不定式to又可以接動(dòng)名詞ing，但意義不相同。remember,forget,regret…接不定式表將來(lái)、未發(fā)生，譯成“要……”；接動(dòng)名詞表已完成，譯成“做過(guò)……”;Istillremember

totheShaolinTempleandwhatIsawthere.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken2009(答案D)2.trytodo表“設(shè)法、千方百計(jì)”，trydoing表“試著……”；3.stoptodo表“停止原來(lái)的事情去做另外的事情”，stopdoing表“停止做某事”；4.goontodo表“繼續(xù)做另一事情”，goondoing表“繼續(xù)做原來(lái)的事情”；“Somuchforthenewwordsandexpressions;let’sgoon_______thetext.”theteachersaidwithasmile.totalkaboutB,talkingaboutC,tobetalkingD,talkabout（答案A）5.meantodo表“想要……”,meandoing表“意思是、意味著”；第十五頁(yè)第十六頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。6.當(dāng)want,require,need，demand,deserve，bear表示“需要、要求”等時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意思，也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式；Thisroomneeds_______.It’stooshabby.paintB.paintingC.topainD.painted（答案B）7.onlytodo表“結(jié)果卻……”,onlydoing表“結(jié)果是……”；8.can’thelptodo表“不能幫助做某事”，can’thelpdoing表“忍不住做某事”；9.情感動(dòng)詞like,dislike,love,hate,prefer等接todo表“一次性動(dòng)作”，接doing表“習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作”。如：Ilikeshopping,butIdon’tliketogoshoppingtoday.10.need,dare在陳述句中作行為動(dòng)詞，后接todo,在疑問句和否定句中可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后接動(dòng)詞原形。第十六頁(yè)第十七頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。三、作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)態(tài)中省掉to,在被動(dòng)態(tài)中補(bǔ)起來(lái)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此類動(dòng)詞我們可以概括為：五看：lookat,see,watch,notice,observe;三使：let,make,have;二聽：listento,hear;一感覺：feel.如：Thebossmadethemworkfrommorningtillnight.→Theyweremadetoworkfrommorningtillnight.第十七頁(yè)第十八頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。四、介詞but,except,besides，otherthan及動(dòng)詞hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than…后的動(dòng)詞。如果介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，或被情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could修飾則介詞后用動(dòng)詞原形（及不帶to的不定式），否則用todo。如：Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.Ican’tchoosebuttolaugh.Wehavenochoicebuttowait.第十八頁(yè)第十九頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。五、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)用forsb.還是ofsb.主要由作表語(yǔ)的形容詞來(lái)決定。通常表示“態(tài)度、評(píng)價(jià)”的形容詞后用of，如：kind,bad,polite,right,wrong,careless…反之用for.Itwasdifficultformetodothework.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.Itwascarelessofhertomakesuchamistake.第十九頁(yè)第二十頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。六、多個(gè)動(dòng)詞連用現(xiàn)象。在某些句型中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有行為動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的不定式可以省略符號(hào)“to”，如：Allwehavetodoispushthebutton.（三動(dòng)詞連用）TheonlythingIcandoisgoonbymyself.（四動(dòng)詞連用）AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.（四動(dòng)詞連用）

第二十頁(yè)第二十一頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。七、不定式后是否帶介詞。當(dāng)處于動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的情況下，如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，它后面應(yīng)加上必要的介詞，如：

Shehasalotofthingstoattendto.Thenursehasfivechildrentolookafter.Let’sfirstfindaroomtoputthethingsin.※判斷是否帶介詞的最簡(jiǎn)單辦法是：將動(dòng)詞和前面的名詞聯(lián)起來(lái)讀，如果需要才通順就帶介詞。如：Hehasmanyactivitiestogoinfor.(只有g(shù)oinfor才有參加的意思，缺少in或者for，意思就改變了。)第二十一頁(yè)第二十二頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。八、下列結(jié)構(gòu)用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)？1.如果不定式與最近的名詞有主謂關(guān)系，但與句中的另一名詞有主謂關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。Hehasnoonetotakecareof.(與noone是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但與he是主謂關(guān)系)Theyfoundthelecturehardtounderstand.Doyouhaveanyclothestowash?(是“你”洗)，如果是問“我問你是否有衣服要我洗”則用Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?2.在以Therebe引起的句子中，用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式用主動(dòng)被動(dòng)都可以。Thereisnotimetolose/tobelost.3.不定式在以下形容詞后:easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,cheap,expensive,good,nice,safe,dangerous,important,interesting,pleasant,(im)possible,fun等用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意思。

Thisquestionisdifficult_____(answer). Doyouthinkhimeasy_____(work)with?4.Thehouseistolet\Themanageristoblame.\Thereasonisnotfartoseek.第二十二頁(yè)第二十三頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。九、簡(jiǎn)略回答中省略到什么程度？一般說(shuō)來(lái)，省略結(jié)構(gòu)中帶到to為止，但to后若是主動(dòng)詞have或be時(shí)，必須保留；如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是like則后面的to被省掉。1.---Sorry,Ididn’tfinisheddoingmyhomework..---Yououghttohave.2.Ourschoolisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.3.Youmaygoifyoulike.第二十三頁(yè)第二十四頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。訓(xùn)練題第二十四頁(yè)第二十五頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。I.Rewritethesentences,usingthewordsgiventoyou.1.“Whydon’tyouplaytheroleofqueenintheplay?”Iencouragedher_____________________intheplay.2.“Don’tforgettowearyourgloves.It’sfreezing.”Iremindedher______________________asitwasfreezing.3.“Youcan’ttaketheboxoftreasureaway.”Ididnotallowher________________oftreasureaway4.“Whycan’ttheysingsomewell-knownsongs?”I’dpreferthem___________somewell-knownsongs5.“Doyouwanttounderstandthepoem?I’llhelpyou.”.Ihelpedhim__________________________toplaytheroleofqueentowearherglovestotaketheboxtosing(to)understandthepoem.第二十五頁(yè)第二十六頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。II.Combinethesesentences1.Shethoughtofthisideafirst.(Shewasthefirstperson…)Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea2.Weneedtoweightheflesh.(Let‘sfindsomething…)Let’sfindsomethingtoweightheflesh.3.Isthereanythingyouwishtosay?(Whatdoyouhave…)Whatdoyouhavetosay?4.Thatwillbetheonlythingwehavetodonow.(Thatwillbetheonlything…)Thatwillbetheonlythingtodo.第二十六頁(yè)第二十七頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。III.Completethefollowingsentences:1.Weweresurprised(聽到那個(gè)消息)___________________.2.Wehaveto（為了趕第一班火車而起早床）______________________________3.Heisconsidered（是一位偉大的科學(xué)家）_____________________4.Toseeis（才相信）______________.5.Ihave（許多話要說(shuō)）______________________.6.It’simpossible（對(duì)于他來(lái)說(shuō)一個(gè)人去）______________________.7.Shepromised

（根本沒犯錯(cuò)誤）____________________________.8.Ifind（要想理解他很困難）__________________________.9.（為了趕早班車）_________________,we’dbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi.tohearthenewsgetupearlytocatchthefirsttrain.tobeagreatscientist.tobelievealotofwordstosayforhimtogoalonetomakenomistakesatallitdifficulttounderstandhimTocatchthetrain第二十七頁(yè)第二十八頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。IV.MultipleChoices:1.Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio,butIdon’tknow___.A.todoit B.howto

C.whattodoitD.howtodo2.Hisvoicemademe_____terrible.A.TofeelB.feel

C.feels D.felt3.Myparentstoldme____peoplewhentheyareintrouble.A.neverlaughat B.nottolaughat

C.don’tlaughat D.notlaughat4.It’sbadmanners____rudetopeople.A.tobe

B.areC.be D.tobeing5.It’sinteresting_____ustotakepartinthegames.A.of B.toC.for

D.at

第二十八頁(yè)第二十九頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,___itmoredifficult.Anotmake BnottomakeCnotmaking Ddonotmake7.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmynewjob.A.expected B.toexpectC.tobeexpecting Dexpects8.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning9.Iwouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togo B.tohavegone

C.going D.havinggone

第二十九頁(yè)第三十頁(yè)，共33頁(yè)。按要求完成下列句子1.Asaforeignlanguagelearningbeginner,LiHuafindsitdifficult_________________________inaforeignlanguage.(understand)作為一名外語(yǔ)初學(xué)者，李華發(fā)現(xiàn)要想用外語(yǔ)把自己的意思表達(dá)清楚不容易。2.Mymother______________________toShanghaitoseeme,butshewastoobusytocome.(intend)我媽媽本打算到上海來(lái)看我的，但她太忙了未能來(lái)。3..WiththefilmTheAmazingSpider-Ma