2023年考研外語考前沖刺試卷13

考研外語考前沖刺試卷13

一、UseofEnglish

1>Agreatmanycreatureshavewhatarecalledwarning

colours,thatistosay,thecolourationwarnseverycreature

thattheanimalinquestionisdangerous.Theskunk(臭鼬)is

oneofthebest(1)ofthis,withhisbrilliantblackand

whitefur.Hewalks(2)eveninbroaddaylightandshows

no(3)whenheseesyou.Heheavily(4)hisfeetand

putshis(5)upintheair,daringyounottocome(6)

closer.Andifyoudon'ttake(7)ofthewarninghewill

sprayyouwithhisevil-smelling(8),andnoanimalthat

hasbeen(9)byaskunkwillletithappen(10)

IntheReptileHouseatazooyouwillprobablyfindacase

(11)ofsmalltreefrogs.Now,agreat(12)of

creaturesliketoeatfrogs,andsosomefrogsasa(13)

canoozeoutasubstanceontheirskin(14)makesthem

tastehorrible.Thesefrogsaregenerallybanded(15)

brightwarningcolours,likeorange,red,yellowandbright

green.This,ofcourse,makesthem(16)like

brightly-colouredsweets,andrathergoodto(17)butthe

birdsandanimalsintheforesthavelearnt(18)bitter

experiencethatthesefrogsarethe(19)thattastesthe

worst,andsotheyleavethem(20).

A.creature

B.thing

C.example

D.warning

2、(2)

A.about

B.on

C.out

D.over

3、(3)

A.colour

B.danger

C.fear

D.sign

4、(4)

A.stamps

B.changes

C.beats

D.moves

5、(5)

A.head

B.feet

C.tail

D.nose

6、(6)

A.still

B.even

C.much

D.any

7、⑺

A.care

B.chance

C.advice

D.notice

8、(8)

A.fluid

B.gas

C.oil

D.colour

9、(9)

A.caught

43

B.sprayed

C.warned

D.seen

10、(10)

A.more

B.soon

C.twice

D.too

IK(H)

A.full

B.Short

C.instead

D.typical

12、(12)

A.many

B.part

C.amount

D.number

13、(13)

A.whole

B.means

C.wish

工4

D.protection

14、(14)

A.it

B.and

C.which

D.where

15、(15)

A.with

B.by

C.as

D.in

16、(16)

A.feel

B.all

C.look

D.much

17、(17)

A.make

B.eat

C.see

D.look

18、(18)

目5

A.at

B.with

C.in

D.of

19、(19)

A.sweets

B.food

C.substances

D.ones

20、(20)

A.ahead

B.about

C.alone

D.aside

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Whethertheeyesare"thewindowofthesoul“isdebatable;that

theyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationis

afactduringthefirsttwomonthsofababy'slife,thestimulus

thatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbe

real:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile,significantly,

arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,

norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresented

inprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseor

mouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmerican

four-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthem

drewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewith

eyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheir

mother'sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyes

astheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadults,make

littleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.In

fact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone'sgaze

duringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone's

conversationpartner.

Theroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetween

twoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththe

eyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceaway

astheytalk;inafewmomentstheyreestablisheyecontactwith

thelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceis

stillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.

Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,

allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itis

importantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecise

momentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact:iftheyare

notlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterested

andeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwill

terminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseye

maneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflow

becomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses;

theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedby

interruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsand

exchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson，sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversations

interesting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflong

debate

2、

Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering

3、

Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheir

conversationpartner'sneckbecause

A.theydon，tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker

B.theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact

C.theydon'tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact

D.theydidn，thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrough

eyecontactinbabyhood

4、

Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericans

maybreakdowndueto

A.temporaryglancingawayfromthelistener

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-imedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

5、

Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterforthe

participants

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceaway'fromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

6、WASHINGTON,D.C.一Thethreatofballisticmissilesfrom

countriessuchasIranandNorthKoreacouldmaterializewith

littlewarning,aCongressionalpanelofdefenseexperts

reportedtoday.Thatconclusiondiffersfromearlier

assessmentsbytheU.S.intelligencecommunityandtheClinton

Administration,whichhaveconcludedthatanewthreattoU.S.

territoryisatleastadecadeoff.

Thepanel—calledtheCommissiontoAssesstheBallistic

MissileThreattotheUnitedStates一wassetupbytheNational

DefenseAuthorizationActof1997andfirstmetinJanuary1998.

Itsninepolicymakers;technologists,andseniormilitary

officialshad''unprecedentedaccesstothemostsensitiveand

highlyclassifiedinformation,saidpanelchairpersonDonald

Rumsfield,aformersecretaryofdefense,atapressconference

here.Thepanelfoundthatliberalizedexportcontrols,

increasedinternationalexchangesofstudentsandscientific

personnel,andleaksofclassifiedinformationhaveresulted

in"massivetechnologytransfer''bothfromdevelopednations

toroguenationsandbetweenthosecountriesthemselves.

Moreover,potentialaggressorscouldminimizethetechnical

challengebysettlingformissileswithlimitedaccuracyor

reliability.

ThereportwarnsthatnationswithScudmissiletechnology,

suchasIran,couldtestalong-rangemissilewithinabout5

yearsfromdecidingtopursuesuchaprogram.NorthKoreaalso

hasthetechnologyforproducingbiologicalweapons,thepanel

noted.Testflightsoftheirmissilesthatwouldbeableto

reachpartsofHawaiiandAlaskacouldtakeplacewithin6

monthsofadecision.BecauseoftheUnitedNationsarms

inspections,however,Iraqislaggingbehindandwouldtake10

yearsfrominitiatinganefforttoposingamissilethreatto

theUnitedStates.

SpeakeroftheHouseNewtGingrichcalledthereport“themost

importantwarningaboutournationalsecuritysincetheendof

theColdWar,“andurgedtheestablishmentofabipartisan,

bicameralcommitteetoworkwiththeAdministrationtodecide:

futurepolicy.AWhiteHousespokespersonwasnoncommittal,

sayingthatthereport,srecommendationsonintelligence

analysiswouldbetakenintoaccount,butthatthe

administrationstoodbyitsMarchintelligenceassessment.

Thatreportconcludedthatitisunlikelythatcountriesother

thanRussia,China,orNorthKoreacoulddeployaballistic

missilecapableofreachinganypartoftheUnitedStatesbefore

2022.

TheU.S.intelligencecommunityandtheClinton

Administrationthinkthat

A.theU.S.willnotbeattackedbymissileinthenearfuture

B.othercountriesmayattacktheU.S.withmissileright

aftertheydeclarewar

C.theU.S.mayhawasuddenmissileattack

D.theU.S.willneverbeattackedbymissile

7、

Theword"classified“inthesecondparagraphmostprobably

means______

A.arrangedinclasses

B.officiallysecret

C.traditional

D.public

8、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutthe

CommissiontoAssessTheBallisticMissileThreattotheUnited

States?

A.Itcameintobeingin1997

B.Itismadeupofpolicy-makers,technologistsandsenior

militaryofficials

C.Itsmemberscangetthehighlyclassifiedinformation

D.ItschairmanDonaldRumsfieldnowisalsothesecretaryof

defense

9、

Fromthethirdparagraphweknowthat

A.IranhasthetechnologyofproducingScudmissile

B.somecountriescouldsendlong-rangemissilerightafter

theydecidetodoso

C.IraqcannotbecomeamissilethreattoAmericanow

D.bothAandC

10、

Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthe,following

statementsisNOTtrue?

A.ThespeakeroftheHouseNewtGingrichthinkstheUS.

shouldpayattentiontothereport

B.Hethinksacommitteeshouldbesetuptoworkoutsolutions

forthemissilethreat

C.TheWhiteHousespokespersondidnotofferaclearanswer

tothereport.

D.Russia,ChinaandNorthKoreaareunlikelytosendamissile

reachingtheUSterritorybefore2022

11、Whoknowsbetterthanyourcustomerswhereyouroperations

canbeimproved?Today,progressivefirmsincreasinglyrelyon

advisorycouncilstosuggestimprovements,recommendaction,

andofferfeedbackonprogramsandpolicies.Infact,many

companiesfeelthatthisform,ofcommunicationisvitaltothe

continuousimprovementoftheirbusinessoperations.

Acouncil,amongotherthings,improvescommunicationandspurs

improvementofoperations.Rememberthatthesecrettosuccess

isdialogue一theexchangeofideasandopinions.Focuson

problemsyourcustomershave.Spelloutyourgoalsand

objectives.

Eachmeetingshouldhaveaspecificobjectivetoaccomplish.

Determinethemeeting'sfrequency.Ifyouwanttoimplementa

strategicplan,anannualmeetingmaybeenough.Ifyouwant

tofocusonoperationalissues,moremeetingsmaybeneeded.

Agoodcouncilwillhavenomorethan12people,withhalfof

themembersfromyourcompanyandhalfyourcustomers.Itshould

alsohavediversityinitsmembership.Membersshouldserve

fromonetothreeyears-rotationofmembershipwillensurethe

councildoesn'tbecomestale.

Findanapproximatemeetingsite,whetherit'sin-houseoroff

site,wheretherewillbenointerruptions.Youshouldpayfor

alltheexpensesrelatedtothemeeting一remember,thecouncil

membersareprovidingyourcompanywithaservice.Treatthem

asyourguestsandyourexperts.

Ifyouhaveafixedbeginningandendingtimetoyourmeeting,

sticktoit.Whenstructuringthemeeting,rememberthe80720

problem-solvingrule.Structurethemeetingsothat20percent

ofthetimeisspentidentifyingordiscussingaproblemand

80percentofthetimeisspentdesigningasolution.

Oftenitishelpfultohaveapersonactastimekeeperand

announcewhentheagendatimeforaparticularitemhasexpired.

However,duringthemeeting,beflexible.Thefacilitatorcan

allow,thegrouptodecidewhethertomoveontothenextitem

orextendthediscussion.Asyougoalong,looktonarrowthe

differencesamongmembersandform,aconsensus.

Asthemeetingcloses,summarizewhatwasaccomplished,

checkingforagreementandcommitmentamongthemembers.Make

adetailedlistofthefollow-upitems,whohasresponsibility

foreachitem,andatimelineforcompletion.

Theresultsfromreallylisteningtoandlearningfromyour

customersinawell-runadvisorycouncilcanpayhugedividends.

Whydoesthewriterputthesuggestionthat,advisorycouncils

shouldbesetup

A.Becausetheycaninfluencebusinessoperations

B.becausebusinessimprovementsdependoncommunicationwith

them

C.Becausetheyareheavilyreliedonbyprosperouscompanies

D.Becausegoalsandobjectivesaresetoutbythem

12、

Whatseemstobethemostimportantthingyouhavetodecide

onbeforeameetingstarts?______

A.Thelengthoftheagenda

B.Thefrequencyofthemeetings

C.Aspecificobjectivetoaccomplish

D.Operationalissues

13、

Whichofthefollowingisexcludedamongthesuggested

requirementsforthemake-upofanidealcouncil?

A.50to50representationfromthecompanyanditscustomers

respectively

B.Changeablemembership

C.Membersofdifferenttypes

D.Membersshouldmovearoundformoresuggestions

14、

Whoshouldpayfortheexpensesofthemeetingsandwhy?

A.Councilmembersshouldbecausetheyspendallthemoney

B.Thecompanyshouldbecauseitwillprofitfromthem

C.Customersshouldbecausetheyreaptheprofitintheend

D.Theorganizersshouldbecauseitistheirresponsibility

15、

Whatisthemainprincipletobeobservedinfollowingthe

procedures?

A.Flexibility

B.Strictness

C.Practicality

D.Understanding

16、AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUS

ishowfriendly,,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericanswere

to'them.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymade

ofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorth

American.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small-minded

officials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversare

hardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadeso

frequentlythatitdeservescomment.

Foralongperiodoftimeand{nmanypartsofthecountry,a

travelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.

DulInessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilies

whogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersand

______Q

q17

travelerswerewelcomesourceofdiversion,andbroughtnews

oftheoutsidewor1d.

Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistradition

ofhospitality.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,

orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabin

orsettlement..Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetraveler

ormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.It

reflectedtheharshnessofdailylife,ifyoudidn'ttakein

thestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewho

wou1d.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.

Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecialize

inhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionof

hospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,

especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusy

touristtrails."Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwith

thisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefor

dinner—amazing."Suchobservationsreportedbyvisitorsto

theUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.

ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpreted

neitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultof

ahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.

Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexset

ofculturalsignals,assumptions,andconventionsunderlies

allsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakinga

languagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstands

socialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailto“translate”

culturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.For

example,when,anAmericanusestheword"friend”,thecultural

implicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseit

hasinthevisitorslanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethan

abriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteous

conventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisa

virtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfromboth

neighborsandstrangers.

Intheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutsideworld

A.rudetaxidriversarerarelyseenintheU.S.

B.small-mindedofficialsdeserveaseriouscomment

C.Canadiansarenotsofriendlyastheirneighbors

D.mostAmericansarereadytoofferhelp

17、

Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

A.cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocial

interrelationship

B.courteousconventionandindividualinterestare

interrelated

C.variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamong

friends

D.socialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetof

culturalconventions

18、

Familiesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertain

strangers

A.toimprovetheirhardlife

B.inviewoftheirlong-distancetravel

C.toaddsomeflavortotheirowndailylife

D.outofacharitableimpulse

19、

Thetraditionofhospitalitytostrangers

A.tendstobesuperficialandartificial

B.isgenerallywellkeptupintheUnitedStates

C.isalwaysunderstoodproperly

D.hassomethingtodowiththebusytouristtrails

20、

Theword"superficial”(Para.4)mightmean

A.thoroughandprofound

B.morethanisneeded

C.onthesurfaceonly

D.contemptuouslyindifferent

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E>F^G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Ifyousmokeandyoustilldon，tbelievethatthere's'a

definite1inkbetweensmokingandbronchialtroubles,heart

diseaseandlungcancer,thenyouarecertainlydeceiving

yourself.Noonewillaccuseyouofhypocrisy.Letusjustsay

thatyouaresufferingfromabadcaseofwishfulthinking.This

needn'tmakeyoutoouncomfortablebecauseyouareingood

company.Wheneverthesubjectofsmokingandhealthisraised,

thegovernmentsofmostcountrieshearnoevil,seenoeviland

smellnoevil.Admittedly,afewgovernmentshavetakentimid

measures.(41).

(42).Theanswerissimplymoney.Tobaccoisawonderful

commoditytotax.It'salmostlikeataxonourdailybread.

Intaxrevenuealone,thegovernmentofBritaincollectsenough

fromsmokerstopayforitsentireeducationalfacilities.So

whiletheauthoritiespointouteversodiscreetlythatsmoking

may,conceivably,beharmful,itdoesn'tdotoshouttooloudly

aboutit.

Thisissurelythemostshort-sightedpolicyyoucouldimagine.

(43).Enormousamountsarespentoncancerresearchand

oneffortstocurepeoplesufferingfromthedisease.Countless

valuablelivesarelost.Inthelongrun,thereisnodoubtthat

everybodywouldbemuchbetter-offifsmokingwerebanned

altogether.

Ofcourse,wearenotreadyforsuchadrasticaction.Butif

thegovernmentsoftheworldwerehonestlyconcernedaboutthe

welfareoftheirpeoples,you'dthinkthey'dconductaggressive

anti-smokingcampaigns.Farfromit!Thetobaccoindustryis

allowedtospendstaggeringsumsonadvertising.Its

advertisingisasinsidiousasitisdishonest.Wearenever

shownpicturesofrealsmokerscoughinguptheirlungsearly

inthemorning.Thatwouldneverdo.(44).

(45).Smokingshouldbebannedinallpublicplaceslike

theatres,cinemasandrestaurants.Greateffortsshouldbemade

toinform,youngpeopleespeciallyofthedireconsequencesof

takingupthehabit.Ahorrificwarning一say,apictureofa

death'shead,shouldbeincludedineverypacketofcigarettes

thatissold.Asindividuals,wearecertainlyweak,butif

governmentsactedhonestlyandcourageously,theycould

protectusfromourselves.

A.Forastart,governmentscouldbeginbybanningallcigarette

andtobaccoadvertisingandshouldthenconductanti-smoking

advertisingcampaignsoftheirown.

B.Youdon'thavetolookveryfartofindoutwhytheofficial

reactionstomedicalfindingshavebeensolukewarm.

C.Ifsmokingisbannedinourlife,someeconomistswouldworry

aboutagreatlossincigaretteseconomy.

D.Whilemoneyiseagerlycollectedinvastsumswithonehand,

itispaidoutinincreasinglyvastersumswiththeother.

E.Theadvertisementalwaysdepictsvirile,clean-shavenyoung

men.Theysuggestitismanlytosmoke,evenpositivelyhealthy!

Smokingisassociatedwiththegreatopen-airlife,with

beautifulgirls,trueloveandtogetherness.Whatutter

nonsense!

F.Smokingisdiscouragedamongthestudentsatailofour

colleges,thesubjectofsmokingandhealthiswidelydiscussed

there.

G.InBritain,forinstance,cigaretteadvertisinghasbeen

bannedontelevision.Theconscienceofthenationisappeased,

whilethepopulationcontinuestopuffitswaytosmoky,

cancerousdeath.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Bothcommonsenseandresearchsaymemorydeciinesovertime.

Theaccuracyofrecallandrecognitionareattheirbest

immediatelyafterencodingtheinformation,decliningatfirst

rapidly,thengradually.(46)Thelongerthedelay,themore

likelyitisthatinformationobtainedaftertheeventwill

interferewiththeoriginalmemory,whichreducesaccuracy.

Admittedly,subsequentinterviewsormediareportscancreate

suchdistortions.(47)“Peopleareparticularlysusceptibleto

havingtheirmemoriesmodifiedwhenthepassageoftimeallows

theoriginalmemorytofade,andwillbemostsusceptibleif

theyrepeatthemisinformationasfact.”

Leadingquestionscanleadtomistakes.Ifwitnessesareasked

whethertheoffenderhadabeard,theymayincorporatean

imaginarybeard