2023年考研外語模擬試卷10

考研外語模擬試卷10

一、UseofEnglish

1、Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyle,

oftheirown.(1)theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwas

born,Americahadnoprominent(2)ofitsown.Nooneknows

exactlywhenjazzwas(3),orbywhom.Butitbegantobe

(4)intheearly1900s.JazzisAmerica，scontributionto

(5)music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusic,which(6)

formalEuropeantraditions,jazzisspontaneousandfree-form.

Itbubbleswithenergy,(7)themoods,interests,and

emotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920,jazz(8)likeAmerica.

And(9)itdoestoday.The(10)ofthismusicareas

interestingasthemusic(11).AmericanNegroes,orblacks,

astheyarecalledtoday,werethejazz(12).Theywere

broughttotheSouthernstates(13)slaves.Theyweresold

toplantationownersandforcedtoworklong(14).When

aNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives(15)aprocession

tocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleans,abandoften

accompaniesthe(16).Onthewaytothecemeterytheband

playedslow,solemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.(17)on

thewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremoved

oneoftheir(18),butthelivingweregladtobealive.

Thebandplayed(19)music,improvisingonboththe

harmonyandthemelodyofthetunes(20)atthefuneral.

Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyform,

ofjazz.

A.At

B.In

C.By

D.On

2、⑵

A.music

B.song

C.melody

D.style

3、⑶

A.discovered

B.acted

C.designed

D.invented

4、(4)

A.noticed

B.found

C.listened

D.heard

5、(5)

A.classical

B.sacred

C.light

D.popular

6、(6)

A.forms

B.follows

C.approached

D.introduces

7、(7)

A.expressing

B.explaining

C.exposing

D.illustrating

8、(8)

A.appeared

B.felt

C.sounded

D.seemed

9、(9)

A.so

B.as

C.either

D.neither

10、(10)

A.originals

B.origins

C.discoveries

D.resources

11、(11)

A.concerned

B.itself

C.available

D.oneself

12、(12)

A.players

B.followers

C.pioneers

D.fans

13、(13)

A.for

B.by

C.with

D.as

14、(14)

A.months

B.weeks

C.hours

D.times

15、(15)

A.demonstrated

B.composed

C.formed

D.hosted

16、(16)

A.demonstration

B.procession

C.body

D.march

17、(17)

A.Even

B.Therefore

C.But

D.Furthermore

18、(18)

A.number

B.members

C.body

D.relations

19、(19)

A.sad

B.solemn

C.funeral

D.happy

20、(20)

A.whistled

B.sung

C.showed

D.presented

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Advertisingsellsitsproductsbyofferingseductivepromises

ofyouth,beauty,health,money,ease,romance,better

lifestyle,eventime.There'snologicalconnectionbetweena

carandacougar,buttheimageispowerfulandpresentedwith

sophistication.Webuyitandwemaywellbuytheproduct.

Whenitcomestoadvertising,letthebuyerbeware.Thereare

severalless-than-candidtechniqueswhichadvertisersuseto

getourattention.Aproductmaybefilmedorphotographedin

suchawaytomakeitappearbigger,better,ormoreluscious.

Aproductmaybepresentedasbeing“unique","one-of-a-kind”,

or"supreme”,wheninfactit'sidenticaltootherproductson

themarket.Aproductmayclaimtobe"new"or"improved"when

onlyaninsignificantchangehasbeenmade.

Finally,anadvertisermayofferdistortedtruthsoreventell

outrightlies.Ittakesawhileforthegovernmentorthe

competitiontocatchupwithfalseclaimsinadvertising.

Meanwhile,thepublichasbeenledtobelievethatamouthwash

cancurethecommoncold,orthatbeepollenretardsagingin

humanskin.

Theconsumer'sbestdefenseisawareness.Hecanlistento,but

notlearn,theemotionalmessagebroadcastbythead.Hecan

distinguishbetweenwhattheadpretendstoofferandwhatit

isreallyselling.Afacecream,forexample,canonlydoso

much.Itcanreducedrynessandprovidetemporarysmoothness

andmoisturetotheskin.Butitismadeinafactory,notin

amagician'sstudy.Itcannotturnbacktheclock.

Accordingtotheauthor,manyofthepromisesmadebythe

advertiserare.

A.true

B.reliable

C.nottrue

D.emotive

2、

Theauthor，sattitudetowardsadvertisingis.

A.overstated

B.favourable

C.unfavourable

D.emotional

3、

Accordingtotheauthor,consumers'bestpolicytowards

advertisingis.

A.todoubtitstruth

B.todisbelieveit

C.todistinguishbetweenwhatistrueandwhatisnottrue

D.toknowwhatproductstheadvertiserisgoingtosell

4、

Accordingtothepassage,manyofthe"new","improved”

productsare.

A.quitedifferentfromtheoldproducts

B.almostthesamewiththeformerproducts

C.insignificantproducts

D.notimportantgoods

5、

Accordingtothepassage,whichtechniqueisNOTusedby

advertiserstogetourattention?

A.Aproductmaybefilmedorphotographedtomakeitappear

better.

B.Aproductmaybepresentedas“unique","supreme”.

C.Aproductmayclaimtohe"new"or'improved”.

D.Aproductmaybesoldatadiscount.

6、Isitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwar?

Warisanancientinstitutionwhichhasexistedforatleast

sixthousandyears.Itwasalwayswickedandusuallyfoolish,

butinthepastthehumanracemanagedto1ivewithit.Modern

ingenuityhaschangedthis.EitherManwillabolishwar,orwar

willabolishMan.Forthepresent,itisnuclearweaponsthat

causethegravestdanger,butbacteriologicalorchemical

weaponsmay,beforelong,offeranevengreaterthreat.Ifwe

succeedinabolishingnuclearweapons,ourworkwillnotbedone.

Itwillneverbedoneuntilwehavesucceededinabolishingwar.

Todothis,weneedtopersuademankindtolookupon

internationalquestionsinanewway,notascontestsofforce,

inwhichthevictorygoestothesidewhichismostskiIfulin

massacre,butbyarbitrationinaccordancewithagreed

principlesoflaw.Itisnoteasytochangeage-oldmental

habits,butthisiswhatmustbeattempted.

Therearethosewhosaythattheadoptionofthisorthat

ideologywouldpreventwar.Ibelievethistobeaprofound

error.Allideologiesarebasedupondogmaticassertions（i

見）whichare,atbest,doubtful,andatworst,totallyfalse.

Theiradherentsbelieveinthemsofanaticallythattheyare

willingtogotowarinsupportofthem.

Themovementofworldopinionduringthepasttwoyearshasbeen

verylargelysuchaswecanwelcome.Ithasbecomeacommonplace

thatnuclearwarmustbeavoided.Ofcourseverydifficult

problemsremainintheinternationalsphere,butthespiritin

whichtheyarebeingapproachedisabetteronethanitwassome

yearsago.Ithasbeguntobethought,evenbythepowerfulmen

whodecidewhetherweshallliveordie,thatnegotiations

shouldreachagreementsevenifbothsidesdonotfindthese

agreementswhollysatisfactory.Ithasbeguntobeunderstood

thattheimportantconflictnowadaysisnotbetweenEastand

West,butbetweenManandtheH-bomb.

Thispassageimpliesthatwarisnow.

A.morewickedthaninthepast

B.aswickedasinthepast

C.lesswickedthaninthepast

D.whatpeopletrytolivewith

7、

Accordingtotheauthor.

A.itisimpossibletolivewithoutwar

B.waristheonlywaytosettleinternationaldisagreements

C.warmustbeabolishedifmanwantstosurvive

D.warwillbeabolishedbymoderningenuity

8、

Theauthorsaysthatmodernweapons.

A.willhelpabolishwar

B.putmankindingravedanger

C.wiilgraduallybecomepartofman,slife

D.needfurtherimproving

Theauthorbelievesthattheonlywaytoabolishwaristo

A.abolishnuclearweapons

B.letthestrongersidetakeovertheworld

C.improvebacteriologicalandchemicalweapons

D.settleinternationalissuesthroughnegotiation

10、

Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat.

A.nuclearwarwilldefinitelynottakeplace

B.internationalagreementsarenowreachedmoreandmore

easily

C.manisbeginningtorealizethatnuclearwarishisgreatest

enemy

D.worldopinionisinfavourofnuclearwar

11、Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryfor

thetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapolice

officer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.

DaysafterdaysmymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwave

ofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proud

Americanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.

Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatit

is:accountability.

Accountabilityisn'thardtodefine.Itmeansthateveryperson

isresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheir

consequences.

Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether—honesty,

kindness,andsoon一accountabilitymaybethemostimportant

ofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,no

law—and,ultimately,nosociety.

Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilitytopeople

whorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.

Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople's

behavior,arefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuch

asguilt,shameandembarrassment.

Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities一smallertowns,

usually一whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparents

holdupstandardsthatproclaim:"Inthisfamilycertainthings

arenottolerated一theysimplyarenotdone!”

Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,

theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhas

none.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhat

hewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.

Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftin

attitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,society

wasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it's

thecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhis

underprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn'tteachhim

toread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoral

guidance,bytheparentswhodidn'tprovideastablehome.

Idon'tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantaged

circumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.If

wefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,we

becomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneaccepts

responsibilityforanything.

WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthe

personwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.

Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat.

A.it'sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceof

evil

B.it'scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothing

aboutit

C.it'sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefestevil

D.it'sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil

12、

Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime,

A.societyistobeheldresponsible

B.moderncivilizationisresponsibleforit

C.thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame

D.thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved

13、

Comparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave

A.lessself-discipline

B.bettersenseofdiscipline

C.moremutualrespet

D.Lesseffectivegovernment

14、

Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat

A.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals

B.people'insmalltowns;stillsticktoolddisciplineand

standards

C.today'ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty

D.peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedin

criminalactivities

15、

Thekeypointofthepassageisthat.

A.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsand

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J15

families

B.moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow

C.morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople'sbehaviour

D.morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability

16、Stinkingbuses,theirpassengerspaleandtired,jamthe

crowdedstreets.Driversshoutatoneanotherandhonktheir

horns.Smogsmartstheeyesandchokesthesenses.Thescene

isAthensatrushhour.ThecityofPlatoandPericlesisin

asorrystateofaffairs,builtwithoutaplan,lackingeven

adequateseweragefacilities,hemmedinbymountainsandthe

sea,its135squaremilescrammedwith3.7millionpeople.Even

Athens'ruinsareinruin:sulfurdioxideeatsawayatthe

marbleoftheParthenonandothertreasuresontheAcropolis.

AsGreekPremierConstantineKaramanlishassaid,“Theonly-

solutionforAthenswouldbetodemolishhalfofitandstart

alloveragain”.

Sogreathasbeenthepopulationflowtowardthecitythat

entirehinterlandvillagesstandvacantornearlyso.About

120,000peoplefromoutlyingprovincesmovetoAthensevery

year,withtheresultthat40%ofGreece'scitizenryarenow

packedintothecapital.Themigrantscomeforthefewavailable

jobs,whichareusuallynobetterthantheonestheyfled.At

0----￡

上16

thecurrentrateofmigration,Athensbytheyear2000willhave

apopulationof6.5million,morethanhalfthenation.

Asidefromovercrowdingandpoorpublictransport,thebiggest

problemsconfrontingAtheniansarenoiseandpollution.A

governmentstudyconcludedthatAthenswasthenoisiestcity

intheworld.Smogisalmostatkillinglevels:180,300mgof

sulfurdioxidepercubicmeterofair,oruptofourtimesthe

levelthattheWorldHealthOrganizationconsiderssafe.Nearly

halfthepollutioncomesfromcars.Despitehighpricesfor

vehiclesandfuel($2.95pergallon),nearly100,000

automobilesaresoldinGreeceeachyear;3,000driver，s

licensesareissuedinAthensmonthly.

Afterdecadesofneglect,Athensisatlastgettingsome

attention.InMarchacommitteeofrepresentativesfromall

majorpublicserviceministriesmettodiscussaplantounclog

thecity,makeitlivableandcleanupitsenvironment.A

save-Athensministry,whichwillsoonbeginfunctioning,will

proposeheavytaxestodiscouragein-migration,aminimumof

$5billioninpublicspendingforAthensalone,andother

projectsforthecountrysidetoencourageresidentstostayout.

Amasterplanthatwillmovemanygovernmentofficestothe

city'sfringesisalreadyintheworks.Meanwhile,moreGreeks

keepmovingintoAthens.Withfewparksandpreciousfew

oxygen-producingplants,thecityanditscitizensare

literallysuffocating.

Accordingtothepassage,oneofthebiggestproblems

confrontingAtheniansisnoise,whichismainlycausedby

A.buildingsbeingdemolished

B.highwaysbeingrepaired

C.musicbeingplayed

D.carhornsbeingused

17、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageabout

thecausesofovercrowdinginAthens?

A.Athens，geographicallocation.

B.Thelackoftownplanning.

C.Absenceofaccommodation.

D.Provincialmigration.

18、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageabout

proposedsolutionstoovercrowdingproblemAthens?

A.Projectsforcountryside.

B.Restrictioninnumberofcarstobesold.

C.Movingofgovernmentoffices.

D.PublicspendingforAthens.

19、

Fromthepassage,welearnthatoneofthepossiblesolutions

toairpollutionis.

A.toencouragepeopletostayinthecountry

B.todemolishhalfofAthens

C.tobuildmoreparksinthecity

D.tokeepgovernmentofficesinthecity

20、

Theword"suffocate"probablymeans.

A.toloseone'slifebecauseoflackofair

B.tosuggest

C.tobringaclaiminlaw

D.tobesatisfied

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E>F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

ThetemperatureoftheSunisover5,000degreesFahrenheitat

thesurface,butitrisestoperhapsmorethan16million

degreesatthecenter.TheSunissomuchhotterthantheEarth

thatmattercanexistonlyasagas,exceptatthecore.Inthe

coreoftheSun,thepressuresaresogreatagainstthegases

that,despitethehightemperature,theremaybeasmallsolid

core.(41).

SolarastronomersdoknowthattheSunisdividedintofive

layersorzones.Startingattheoutsideandgoingdowninto

theSun,thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,

convectionzone,andfinallythecore.(42).Butsince

theSunhasnosolidsurface,itishardtotellwherethe

atmosphereendsandthemainbodyoftheSunbegins.

(43).ThisistheonlypartoftheSunthatcanbeseen

duringaneclipsesuchastheoneinFebruary1979.Atanyother

time,thecoronacanbeseenonlywhenspecialinstrumentsare

usedoncamerasandtelescopestoshutouttheglareoftheSun's

rays.

(44).Itsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduring

aneclipse.Thecorona，sraysflashoutinabrilliantfanthat

haswispyspike1ikeraysneartheSun'snorthandsouthpoles.

ThecoronaisthickestattheSun'sequator.

Thecoronaraysaremadeupofgasesstreamingoutwardat

tremendousspeedsandreachingatemperatureofmorethan2

milliondegreesFahrenheit.Theraysofgasthinoutasthey

reachthespacearoundtheplanets.(45).

A.BythetimetheSun'scoronaraysreachtheEarth,theyare

weakandinvisible.

B.TheSun'soutermostlayerbeingsabout10,000milesabove

thevisiblesurfaceandgoesoutwardformillionsofmiles.

C.Ifapersonweretostandonthesun'scoronatheywouldn't

burn,theywouldfreezeinthenearvacuumofthecorona.

D.Thecoronaisabrilliant,pearlywhite,filmylight,about

asbrightasthefullMoon.

E.ThefirstthreezonesareregardedastheSun'satmosphere.

F.However,noonereallyknows,sincethecenteroftheSun

canneverbedirectlyobserved.

G.YoucanprobablyguessthattheSunisveryhot,compared

withfamiliarthingsontheEarth.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、