step-by-step-3000-第一冊第4單元ppt

Unit4ApproachingCultureApproachingCulturePartIWarmingupPartIIPlacestoenjoyPartIIILifehereandtherePartIVInternationalbusinessPartIWarmingupAvocabularyArgentina阿根廷Switzerland瑞士Symbol象征，標(biāo)志Candy糖果Italy意大利AanswersArgentina

AtieistoopersonalSwitzerlandRosesmeanloveItaly

Evennumbers(2,4,6,etc.)areunluckyJapan

Japanesepeopleusuallydon’tgivefourofanythingasagift.A1.ArgentinaWoman:Thisisinteresting.DidyouknowthatinArgentinayoushouldnevergiveclothingunlessyouknowthepersonreallywell?Man:Don'tgiveclothing?Whynot?Woman:Clothing----eventhingsliketies-----aretoopersonal.Onlygoodfriendsgivethem.Man:Huh?Ineverthoughtofatieasbeingpersonal...Justuncomfortable.Whatshouldyoubring?Woman:Idon'tknow.Maybesomethingforthehouse.A2.SwitzerlandMan:We'remeetingMrMertzandhiswifefordinner.MaybeIshouldbringflowersorsomething....Yeah,I'llpickupsomeredroses.Woman:Youdon'twanttobringroses.InSwitzerland,theycouldbeasymbolofloveandromance.Man:Oh,Ididn'tknowthat.Woman:Ithinkcandyorchocolatemightbebetter.A3.ItalyWoman:I'dlikesomeflowers.Uh...Those.Aboutten,Iguess.Man:Ma'am,Idon'tthinkyoushouldgivetenflowers.InItaly,evennumbers----2,4,6,andsoon----arebadluck.Evennumbersarebadluck?OK,I’lltakenineflowersthen.A4.JapanWoman:MayIhelpyou?Man:I'mgoingtostaywithafamilyinJapan.Ineedtogetsomethingforthem.Woman:Pensetsarealwaysagoodgift.Man:Oh,that'sagoodidea.Let'ssee...Therearesetswithapenandpencil...Andbiggersetswithfourpens.Woman:Don'tgiveasetoffourpens----infact,don'tgivefourofanything.It'sbadluck.TheJapanesewordfor"four"soundslikethewordfor"death".Man:Thanksfortellingme.I'lltakethepenandpencilset.Woman:Goodchoice.Thesesetsmakeverygoodgifts.Afterall,penswriteinanylanguage.Man:Uh...Yeah.Right.BvocabularyBow鞠躬Greet問候Asian亞洲的Russia俄國的Brazil巴西Abraco擁抱Firm堅(jiān)硬的Egypt埃及BanswersAbow:Japan,Korea

ahug:Brazil,Russia

astrong,shorthandshake:Canada,theU.S.

asofter,longerhandshake:Egypt,MexicoB1.Abow

Aroundtheworld,therearemanydifferentwaystogreetpeople.BowingisthetraditionalwayofgreetinginNortheastAsiancountrieslikeKoreaandJapan.Thispicture,forexample,showshowJapanesewomenbow.InJapan,whenyoubow,youdon'tlookdirectlyattheotherperson'seyes.ButinKorea,it'simportanttoseetheotherperson'sfacewhenyoubow.Inbothcountries,peoplebowtoshowrespect.B2.AhugWhengoodfriendsmeetinRussia,theyoftenhugeachother.Thisistrueforbothwomenandmen.Russiaisn'ttheonlyplacewherefriendshug.InBrazil,forexample,friendsalsohugeachotheringreeting.InBrazil,thehugiscalledanabraco.B3.Astrong,shorthandshakeYouknowhowtoshakehands.Thisiscommoninmanycountries.Butitisn'talwaysdonethesameway.IntheUnitedStatesandCanada,forexample,peopleusuallygiveastrong,shorthandshake.It'sshortbutratherfirm.B4.Asofter,longerhandshake

Inmanyothercountries,peoplealsoshakehands.ButtheydoitdifferentlyfromintheU.S.andCanada.InMexicoandinEgypt,forexample,manypeople----especiallymen----shakehands.MexicanandEgyptianhandshakesusuallylastalittlelonger.Thehandshakeissofter----notasstrong.CvocabularyHoly神圣的，圣潔的Originally起初，原本Religious宗教Historical歷史的Valentine’sday情人節(jié)Observe遵守，遵循Affection感情，喜愛Anonymously匿名地CvocabularySweetheart情人，愛人Feast盛會，宴會Doll玩偶，娃娃Inhonor

of為了向……表示敬意Banner旗幟，橫幅DragonBoatFestival龍舟節(jié)，端午節(jié)ChineseLunarCalendar中國農(nóng)歷Commemorate紀(jì)念CvocabularyAncient古代的Scholar學(xué)者Statesman政治家Trick戲法，把戲Unsuspecting可信任的Victim犧牲者，受害者BastilleDay法國國慶日Annual每年的CvocabularyTradesman上門推銷商CanalZone運(yùn)河區(qū)Philippine菲律賓的Latin拉丁的SaintCatherine圣凱瑟琳Playful活潑快樂的Patroness女主顧，女資助人Spinster未婚女人CvocabularySew縫紉Parade游行Reception接待，接見SaintPatrick圣帕特里克Ireland愛爾蘭島Anniversary周年紀(jì)念Missionary傳教士Patronsaint守護(hù)神CvocabularySaint圣徒，圣人Movable可移動(dòng)的Philadelphia費(fèi)城Sweden瑞典Denmark丹麥CanswersFebruary14/European/NorthAmerican/March2/Japan/May5/Japan/May5/China/August15/China/April1/European/NorthAmerican/July14/France/December26/Britain,Canada/May1/European/Canal/Philippine/LatinAmerican/November25/France/March17/Ireland/the2ndSunday/England,France,India,ChinaCTheword"holiday"comesfromthewords"holy"and"day".Originallyholidayswereholyorreligiousdays.Nowadaysholidaysincludenational,seasonalandhistoricaldaysofcelebration.Herearesometraditionalholidaysinsomecountries.February14isValentine'sDay.ItisobservedinsomeEuropeanandNorthAmericancountries.Peoplesendcarsorgiftsexpressingloveandaffectionsometimesanonymouslytotheirsweetheartsorfriends.FeastofDollsinJapanfallsonMarch2.Itisobservedthereinhonorofgirls.FeastofBannersinJapanisonMay5.Itisobservedinhonorofboys.May5isDragonBoatFestivalinChinaandisheldaccordingtotheChineseLunarCalendar.Peopleeatricecakesandholddragonboatracestocommemoratetheancientscholar----statesmanQuYuan.August15isMid-AutumnFestivalinChina.ItisheldaccordingtotheChineseLunarCalendar.Peopleeatmooncakeswhilelookingatthebrightfullmoon.CAprilFools’DayisonApril1.InsomeEuropeancountriesandinNorthAmerica,peopleplaypracticaljokesortricksoneachotherandthoseunsuspectingvictimsarecalledAprilfools.July14isBastilleDay.ItisanannualholidayinFrancetocommemoratethefalloftheBastille.December26isBoxingDayinBritain,Canada,andtheU.S.ItisobservedasaholidayfromthecustomofgivingChristmasboxestothetradesmenandstaffonthisday.MayDay,knownasInternationalLaborDay,isapublicholidayinmanyEuropeancountries,theCanalZone,Philippineislands,andtheLatinAmericancountries.ItfallsonMay1,andiscelebratedespeciallybytheworkingpeople.November25isSaintCatherine'sDay.TheFrenchcelebratethisplayfulholidayinhonorofSaintCatherine,thepatronessofspinsters,orunmarriedwomen.ThedayisobservedmainlybytheParisiansewinggirlswhoareover25andunmarried.Itisadayforfun,parades,dances,andreceptions.CMarch17isSaintPatrick'sDay.ThisisIreland'sgreatestnationalholiday.ThedatemarkstheanniversaryofthedeathofthemissionarywhobecamethepatronsaintofIreland.Greenisthecoloroftheday.Mother'sDayisamovableholiday.Itfallsonthe2ndSundayinMay.Mother'sDaywasfoundedbymissingAnnaM.JarvisofPhiladelphia.Itisnowobservedincountriesallaroundtheworld,includingEngland,France,Sweden,Denmark,India,china,andMexico.PartIIPlacestoenjoyAvocabularyPrivileged享有特權(quán)的Bored無聊的Ontario安大略湖Harmless無害的Metropolitan大城市的Instrument樂器Sweden瑞典Costume服裝AvocabularyStockholm斯德哥爾摩Opera歌劇Natural自然的Reproduction繁殖，生殖Stegosaurus劍龍Beast野獸Audience觀眾Particularly特別，尤其AvocabularyAppearance外觀，外表Gray老的Architecture建筑風(fēng)格Director負(fù)責(zé)人Fewer較少的Gather聚集Display陳列Objectsdrawn具體的對象AvocabularyRegion區(qū)域Historical歷史的Furniture家具Guidedtour導(dǎo)游Encourage鼓勵(lì)Experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)

Scientific科學(xué)的Principle原理AanswersA1changed/few/bored/rainymuseumdirectors/whattheyareseeingProvidefun/feelathomeA2

electricity/pass/body17th

centuryinstruments/musicputoncostumes/StockholmOperabone-by-bonereproduction/stegosaurusA3

newaudiences/theyoung/thelesseducatedmembersrebuilt/modern/lighting,colorandsound/fewerobjectsIII.guided/touch,listen,operate,andexperiment/scientificprinciplesIV.film/danceAMuseumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.AtasciencemuseuminOntario,Canada,youcanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCity,youcanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModernMuseuminSweden,youcanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.AtNewYork'sAmericanMuseumofnaturalHistoryrecently,youcanhavehelpedmakeabone-by-bonereproductionofthemuseum'sstegosaurus,abeastthatlived200millionyearsago.Astheseexamplesshow,museumsarereachingouttonewaudiences,particularlytheyoung,thepoor,andthelesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresult,attendanceisinteresting.AManymuseumshavechangedinappearance.Someoftheold,graymuseumshavebeenrebuilt,andtheneweronesareopenandmodernintheirarchitecture.Inside,thereismodernlighting,color,andsound.Insteadofdisplayingeverythingtheyown,museumdirectorsshowfewerobjectsandleaveopenspaceswherevisitorcangatherandsitdown.Theyalsobringtogetherinonedisplayagroupofobjectsdrawnfromvariouspartsofthemuseuminanefforttorepresentthewholelifestyleofregionorahistoricalperiod.Inoneroom,forinstance,youmayfindmaterials,clothing,tools,cookingpots,furniture,andartworksofaparticularplaceandtime.AMoreandmoremuseumdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseums,forexample,therearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouch,listen,operate,andexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearit,andthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.

Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren'sdepartment.Inadditiontotheusualdisplays,theyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatone"should"visit,theyareplacestoenjoy.BvocabularyAmuse有趣Greece希臘Squid烏賊Broadly寬廣的Cottage村舍，小屋Canoe劃艇

Pride得意，自豪Banswerssquid/hisnameBWell,IhadquiteanamusingtimeinGreeceononeholidaybecauseIconfusedthewordsfor"Goodmorning",whichis"Kalimera",and"squid",whichis"Kalamari".SoforseveraldaysIwasgoingaroundsmilingbroadlyatpeople,saying"squid"tothem,andIcouldn'tunderstandwhytheylookedatmeasifIwastotallycrazyuntilsomeonepointeditout.IwasinFranceonholiday,stayinginafriend'scottageandonedaywedecidedtogoforatripontheriver.Sowewentalongtoaplaceontheriverwhereyoucouldhirecanoes.Andafriend,whopridedhimselfonbeingrathergoodatspeakingFrench,wentintohirethecanoes;wedecidedweneededthree,soheaskedfor"troiscanneurs"whichhethoughtwastheFrenchfor"threecanoes".Wegotourcanoes;wespenttheafternoonontheriver;wecameback.AndStephenwentintoreturnthecanoesandcollectthedeposithe'spaidonthem.Andashewalkedinthedoor,theysaid"Ah,helloMrTroiscanneurs..."CvocabularyBrazil巴西Vendor小販Attract吸引Cure治愈Fortune命運(yùn)Fortune-teller算命者Shell貝殼Bahia塞爾瓦多，巴伊亞CvocabularyFlour面粉Spice調(diào)味品Fry油炸Specialty特產(chǎn)Folk人們Guitar吉他Classical經(jīng)典的，古典的Musician音樂家CvocabularyActor演員Portrait肖像Draw繪畫CanswersC1vendors/fortune/eatingstreetperformers/portraitpaintingC2

a.specialpowders/attractmen

b.objectsforsnakebites2.shells/onacloth/thewaytheyland3.roundcakes/beanflour/hotspices/frieda.folksingers/guitars

b.classicalmusicians

c.actors5.practicedrawingandpaintingCF--friendC--CathyF:Hi,Cathy!Welcomeback.HowwasyourtriptoBrazil?C:Oh,Ilovedeveryminuteofit!BrazilissodifferentfromanyplaceI'veeverbeento,andthere'ssomuchtoseethere.F:Yeah?Well,how'sitdifferent?C:Well,youcanfindallsortsofstreetvendorsinthecities.Iwenttosomestreetmarketswheretheysoldreallyunusualthings,likespecialpowdersthatattractmen...Orobjectstocuresnakebites.F:Wow!C:AndinonecityIwentto,Igotmyfortunetoldonthestreet.F:Oh,yeah?C:Yeah!Thefortune-tellersuseshellstotellyourfortune.Theythrowtheshellsonacloth,andthewaytheylandtellsaboutyourfuture.F:Huh!I'veneverheardofthatbefore.CC:Mmm,butmyfavoritestreetactivitywaseating!InBahia,youcanbuytheseroundcakesmadeofbeanflourandfilledwithhotspices.They'refriedadthey'redelicious.![Hmm]They'reaspecialtythere.F:Well,thatsoundsgreat.Youknow,IrememberthatwhenIwenttoFrancetwoyearsago,Isawsomeprettyunusualthingsonthecitystreets,too.C:Really?Likewhat?F:Well,inParis,youcouldwatchallkindsofstreetperformers.Therewerefolksingerswithguitars,classicalmusicians...Sometimesyoucouldevenseeactorsperforminginplays.C:Thatsoundslikealotoffun.F:Oh,itis.YoureallyseeallsortsofthingsonthestreetsofParis.Infact,youcanevenhaveyourportraitpaintedrightonthestreet.[Wow!]Yeah,theartstudentsdothemtopracticedrawingandpainting.C:Didyouhaveyourportraitdonethere?F:Yeah,Idid.Infact,ihaditdonetwice.PartIIILifehereandthereAvocabularyHumid潮濕的Minus負(fù)Centigrade攝氏Osaka大阪

Mountainous多山的Rocky多石的Tend傾向Compact緊密的AanswersA2muchbusier/Monday/Saturdayhumidandhot4.muchcolder/-30°C5.muchflatter/beautiful6.mountainous7.higher/rocky8.morecrowded9.smaller10.tallerAJ--JohnE--EtsukoJ:IfoundthatlivinginJapan,peoplewerebusier.Theyseemtoworkthewholeday.E:Yes,that'sright.WeworkfromMondaythroughSaturday,eveninsummer.Youknow,summerinJapanisjusthorrible.It'svery,veryhumidandhot,andyouneedtotakeshowersthreetimesaday.J:SoyoufinditcoolerinEngland?E:Yes,that'sright.J:WhereIwaslivinginJapan,inthenorth,itwascoolerthanEngland,especiallyinwinter----minusthirtydegreescentigrade.DoesthewinterinOsakalastlongerthanthewinterinEngland?E:No,Idon'tthinkso.December,January,February,March...J:Yes.It'salittlebitshorterifanything.E:EversinceIcamehere,InoticedthatthecountrysidehereinEnglandisreallybeautiful.J:It'smuchflatterthaninJapan.AE:Yes,Japanisamountainouscountryandourcitiesarefullofpeople.Therearelotsofpeopleinalimitedflatarea.J:Yes,IfoundJapanmuchmoremountainousthanBritain,especiallyinthenorth.Themountainsaremuchhigherandmuchmorerocky.IfountitmorebeautifulthanBritain,Ithink.E:Yes,ifyoulikemountains.J:Andsothereforethetownsandvillagestendtobemorecrowded.E:Yes,that'sright.J:Yes.Sobecausethecitiesaremorecrowded,thehousestendtobesmaller,don'tthey?E:Yes,theyareverycompact,andwedon'thavealotofspace.Inbitcitiesyouhavealotoftallerbuildingsnow.J:IsthisaproblembecausetherearemoreearthquakesinJapan?E:Yes,that'sright,and...er...BvocabularyVictory勝利Gesture手勢Obscene下流的，可惡的Offense進(jìn)攻Smack猛烈地Suck吸Indexfinger食指Impolite不禮貌的BvocabularyNonverbal不用言辭表達(dá)的Circle圓Goodness良好Obscene下流的Rude粗魯?shù)?，不禮貌的Worthless無用處的Thumbs-up翹拇指Bangladesh孟加拉共和國BvocabularyRejection拒絕Kenya肯尼亞Fingertip指尖Tunisia突尼斯Clap鼓掌Greek希臘人Indicate象征Tilt傾斜BvocabularyDownward向下Lebanon黎巴嫩Iran伊朗Tonga湯加Praise稱贊Poke伸出Twist轉(zhuǎn)出Joy高興BvocabularyUtter完全的CostaRica哥斯達(dá)黎加Palm手掌Outward往外的Bolivia玻利維亞Honduras洪都拉斯

Barbados巴巴多斯島Disgust反感BvocabularyPucker皺起，皺紋Slight輕微的Upward向上的Toss搖蕩Globe全球Irritate氣人，使人不愉快Brush-off拒絕BanswersFrance/LatinAmericanKenya/Tunisia/GreeceLebanon/Iran/TongaItaly/Europe/LatinAmericaMexico,CostaRica,andJapan/Bolivia,HondurasandLebanonBarbados/BangladeshGreece,IranandItalyBDidyouknowthat...youcangivethe"VforVictory"signintheU.S.,butthesamegestureelsewherewouldbeobscene?passingobjectsorgesturingwithyourlefthandisanoffenseinmanycountries?youareexpectedtosmackandsuckloudlyatdinnerinsomeculture>you'dbetternottalkwithyourhandsinyourpockets?pointingwithyourindexfingerisimpoliteinmostcultures?Theseandmanyothersmallbutimportantfactsarecontainedinthenonverbalworldofgestures.Let'sstartwithgesturesofapprovalanddisapproval.GesturesofapprovalTheOKsign(an"O"orcircleformedbythefingersofonehand)meansstrongapprovalorgoodnessinNorthAmericanculture.However,asmentionedearlieritisobsceneorrudeinmanypartsofLatinAmerica,Europe,Asia,andelsewhere.TotheFrench,theOKgesturemeans"zero"or"worthless",not"fine"or"OK".BManycultures,includingFranceandanumberofLatinAmericancountries,showapprovalbythethumb-upgesture.ButinBangladesh,thesamesignmeansrejection,notapproval!TwothumbsarebetterthanoneinKenya,wherethisdoublesignmeansapproval.Thethumbandallfingertipspulledtogether("thehandpurse"),whilewavingtowardthebody,means"good"inTunisia.Unfortunately,thesamesigncanalsomean"Wait!"Inmanypartsoftheworld,peopleoftenusehandclappingtoshowthanksorpositivefeelings.Greeksindicateapprovalor"yes"bytiltingtheirheadstoeitherside.DownwardnoddingcanmeanapprovalinLebanonandIran.InTonga,raisingtheeyebrowsindicatesagreementorliking.AnItaliangestureofpraiseorhappinessishe"",inwhichthepersonpokeshisorherindexfingerintothecheekandtwistsit.Kissingone'sownfingertipsisasignofhappiness,joy,andutterapprovalofsomethingorsomeoneespeciallyinEuropeandLatinAmerica.BGestureofDisapprovalGesturesofdisapproval,dislike,or"no"arejustasvaried.MexicoandCostaRicausethegestureofshakingthewholehandfromsidetosidewiththeindexfingerextendedandthepalmoutward.AsimilargestureisusedallthewayinJapan.InBoliviaandHunduras,peoplewavetheindexfingerasanegativesign.Inlabanon,negativitycanalsobeexpressedbyshakingtheindexfingerfromsidetoside.FolksinBarbadosexpressdisgustbypuckeringtheirlipsandmakingasound(chupse).InBangladesh,thethumbs-upsignisusedtoshowdisapprovalorrejection,notapproval.InGreece,Iran,andItaly,aslightupwardnot(theheadtoss)shows"no".Inmanycountriesaroundtheglobe,acommonsighforsaying"Goaway"isbrushingthefingersorthehandtowardtheirritatingpersonorthing.Nowonderitiscalledthe"brush-off".PartIVInternationalbusinessAvocabularyTip建議Nationality國籍Punctual準(zhǔn)時(shí)的Dressdown樸素Casual休閑的Title標(biāo)題Invite邀請Humor幽默AvocabularyPolitics政治活動(dòng)Complaint抱怨Prefer