老高考適用2023高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)第二編語法突破專題二非謂語動詞北師大版

專題二非謂語動詞1.(2021·全國乙卷，70)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaim(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.答案：tohaveaimtodosth“旨在做某事”為固定搭配。故填tohave。2．(2021·全國甲卷，43)Itispossible(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.答案：towalk句意：可以步行或騎自行車走完14公里。固定句型“Itispossibletodosth”，表示“做某事是可能的”，故填towalk。3．(2020·全國卷Ⅰ，66)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-4(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole－Aitkenbasin.答案：tofind句意：中國研究者希望使用嫦娥四號上的設(shè)備來發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究南極艾特肯盆地。此處表示目的，應(yīng)使用不定式作目的狀語。4．(2020·全國卷Ⅲ，69)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.答案：surrounding句意：當(dāng)他看到霧氣從河上升起，山頂上烏云環(huán)繞，他不禁流下了眼淚。surround與邏輯主語clouds構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。5．(2020·全國卷Ⅱ，65)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.答案：decorated句意：它們是很好的禮物，你會經(jīng)?？吹剿鼈儽患t包和祝福信息點(diǎn)綴。them與decorate之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。6．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ，61)A90－year－oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for(be)Britain'soldestfull－timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.答案：being介詞for后跟動詞時，要用其動名詞形式。7．(2019·天津高考，4)(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday'schildrenwillneedforthefuture.答案：Learning設(shè)空處在主句中作主語，應(yīng)該用動名詞形式。8．(2020·全國卷Ⅰ，短文改錯)Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.答案：frying→fried句意：我喜歡吃西紅柿炒雞蛋。動詞fry與tomatoes之間是被動關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。9．(2020·全國卷Ⅲ，短文改錯)Itellmymomthatifwe'reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.答案：forced后加to句意：我告訴我媽媽，如果我們被迫吃東西，我們可能會生病。beforcedtodosth“被迫做某事”，所以forced后加to。10．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ，短文改錯)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.答案：say→saying主語Allthefootballplayers與say之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。一動詞-ing形式1．動詞-ing形式作主語、賓語或表語[注意]①常見的后面接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞(短語)有：finish,practice,enjoy,mind,avoid,admit,appreciate,suggest,stand,risk,consider,escape,miss,delay,dislike,imagine,understand,feellike,lookforwardto,insiston,can'thelp,getdownto等。②既可接動詞-ing形式又可接不定式的動詞：③有關(guān)動詞-ing形式的短語或句型：spendsometime(in)doingsth花時間做某事havefun/haveagoodtime/haveabadtimedoingsth做某事很(不)愉快have(no)difficultydoingsth做某事(沒)有困難catchsbdoingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人在做某事thereisnopointdoingsth做某事沒有意義thereisnodenyingthat...毋庸置疑……It'snouse/gooddoingsth做某事沒有用/沒好處beworthdoingsth某事值得(被)做bebusydoingsth忙于做某事sthneedsdoing某事需要被做endupdoingsth最終做某事2.動詞-ing形式作狀語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語[注意]英語中有些動詞既可以用動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語也可以用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但表達(dá)的意義有所不同。如seesbdosth(看到某人做了某事，表示看到事情的全過程)和seesbdoingsth(看到某人正在做某事，表示看到的是正在發(fā)生的事情)。二過去分詞過去分詞作表語、狀語、定語或賓語補(bǔ)足語續(xù)表三動詞不定式1．動詞不定式作主語、表語、賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語續(xù)表2．動詞不定式作狀語、定語(1)作狀語動詞不定式作狀語可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、程度等。動詞不定式作目的狀語，如果置于主句后，不定式前面常常不用逗號(出乎意料的結(jié)果除外)。①Heranfasttocatchthebus.(目的狀語)②Ireturnedhomethatday,onlytofindthateverythingwasbeingingoodorder.(結(jié)果狀語，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果)③Iamsorrytohearthat.(原因狀語)④Shewouldn'tbesosillytosaythat.(程度狀語)(2)作定語動詞不定式作定語往往表示將來的動作。①Hehasnothingtodo.②Wereachedanagreementtodotheworktogether.③Theymadeaplantodevelopnewproducts.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thepeopleborninthe1980sor1990sbelievethat(save)foodisavirtue.答案：saving句意：80后、90后認(rèn)為節(jié)約糧食是一種美德。此處賓語從句中缺少主語，所以用動名詞作主語。故填saving。2．Fromoursurvey,wewerehappy(find)thefarmers'livingstandardgreatlyimproved.答案：tofindbehappytodosth“很高興做某事”。3．Theotherday,Isetout(see)howfaraphonewouldgetmeinthecountry'scapital.答案：toseesetouttodosth“打算做某事”，故填tosee。4．Theresponsestothequestionwerevarious,evensomequitefunnyones(include).答案：included句意：對于這個問題，人們有各種各樣的回答，甚至包括一些相當(dāng)有趣的答案。ones和include之間是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作后置定語。故填included。5．Youcantrusthim,heisaman(know)throughoutthebusinessfieldforhishonesty.答案：known句意：你可以信任他，他是一個在商界因誠實(shí)而著稱的人。know與其修飾的名詞man之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞known。6．(face)withadifficultsituation,Amolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.答案：Faced固定短語befacedwith“面對著……”；該短語是對句子主語Amold的情況進(jìn)行說明。句意：面對著艱難的形勢，Amold(阿莫爾德)決定向老板征求建議。7．OurEnglishteacherstartedaWeChatGroup(communicate)withusafterschool.答案：tocommunicate句意：我們英語老師建了一個微信群，為了課后交流。表示目的，用動詞不定式。8．(cover)840squaremiles,thenationalparkhasbeautifullakes,mountains,andforests.答案：Covering句意：占地面積840平方英里，這個國家公園里有湖泊、山脈和森林。邏輯主語thenationalpark與cover之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，用動詞-ing形式，故填Covering。9．Theexperience(gain)fromfailureisofgreatvaluetous.答案：gained句意：從失敗中獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對我們很有價值。動詞gain與其所修飾的名詞experience之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，用gained。10．AgrowingtrendinChinanowgivescustomerstheoptions(pay)thebillbyscanningaQRcodeorcash.答案：topay句意：在中國現(xiàn)在有一個不斷增長的趨勢，讓顧客選擇掃碼或者現(xiàn)金支付賬單。修飾名詞options，用動詞不定式作后置定語。Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwithus,you'dbettertokeepthiscardathand.答案：去掉better后的to句意：為了更容易地和我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系，你最好把這張卡片放在手邊。hadbetterdosth“最好做某事”，為固定搭配。2．Seeingfromthetopofthehill,thegardenlooksmorebeautiful.答案：Seeing→Seenthegarden與see之間是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞作狀語。3．Employdozensoflocalwomen,weproducehandmadegoodswithuniquedesignsthatsellwelloverseas.答案：Employ→Employingwe是employ這一動作的執(zhí)行者，表示主動，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。4．Offeredtheopportunitytospeakatthegraduationceremonymademeoverjoyed.答案：Offered→Beingoffered句意：被給予在畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)言的機(jī)會讓我欣喜若狂。本句的謂語動詞是made，“我”應(yīng)是“被給予機(jī)會”，故應(yīng)用動名詞的被動式作主語。5．Withnothingleavingtoburn,thefirebecameweakandfinallydiedout.答案：leaving→left句意：沒有剩下什么東西可燃燒，火越來越弱最后熄滅了。句中nothing和動詞leave之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。Ⅲ.短文改錯(2022·黑龍江省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三第三次月考)LastFridaymorning,hardlyhadIreachedschoolwhilemyattentionwascaughtbyabigposteronthenoticeboard,sayingthatitwouldbetheWorldEarthDayinafewofdays.Respondingactivetothis,myclassmatessettoworkimmediately.Intheafternoon,webroughttoschoolwhattheythoughttobeoflittlevalue.Usescissorsandpaste,wemadeshoppingbagandartworksoutofthem.Afterschool,wewenttothelocalcommunityandlaunchedacampaign,givingupwhatwehadmadeandcallingonpeopletomakebestofwhattheythoughttobeuseless.Meanwhile,weholdalectureinthecommunitytoraisepeople'sawarenessofprotectingtheearth.Wehadabusybutmeaningtime.答案：LastFridaymorning,hardlyhadIreachedschooleq\o(while,\s\do8(①when))myattentionwascaughtbyabigposteronthenoticeboard,sayingthatitwouldbetheWorldEarthDayinafeweq\o(eq\o(of,＼),\s\do9(②))days.Respondingeq\o(active,\s\do8(③actively))tothis,myclassmatessettoworkimmediately.Intheafternoon,webroughttoschoolwhateq\o(they,\s\do8(④we))thoughttobeoflittlevalue.eq\o(Use,\s\do8(⑤Using))scissorsandpaste,wemadeshoppingeq\o(bag,\s\do8(⑥bags))andartworksoutofthem.Afterschool,wewenttothelocalcommunityandlaunchedacampaign,givingeq\o(up,\s\do8(⑦away))whatwehadmadeandcallingonpeopletomakeeq\o(∧,\s\do8(⑧the))bestofwhattheythoughttobeuseless.Meanwhile,weeq\o(hold,\s\do8(⑨held))alectureinthecommunitytoraisepeople'sawarenessofprotectingtheearth.Wehad