2021屆山東省高三普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試仿真考試英語(yǔ)試卷及解析

2021屆山東省高三普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試仿真考試

英語(yǔ)試卷

★?？荚図樌?/p>

（含答案）

第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

WouldnJtitbegreatifyoucouldcorrectyoureyesight,especiaIIy

nearsightedness,andreduceyourdependenceonglassesandneedn'thaveeyesurgery?

ThesoIutioniscalledorthokeratology,orortho-k（角膜塑形鏡）.

Whatisortho-k?

Orthokeratology（ortho-k）isthefittingofspeciaIIydesignedcontactlenses（隱

形眼鏡）thatyouwearovernightwhileyouareasleep,thelensesgentlyreshapethe

frontsurfaceofyourcornea（角膜）soyoucanseeclearlythefollowingdayafter

youremovetheIenseswhenyouwakeup.

HowIongdoestheortho-keffectIast?

YoushouldbeabletoseeacceptabIyweIIwithoutglassesorcontactlensesfor

adayortwo,sometimeslonger.Forbestresults,oneshouldweartheortho-kIenses

everymight.

Whoaregoodcandidatesforortho-k?

MostpeopIewithmiIdtoaveragenearsightednessaregoodcandidatesforortho-k.

BecausethecornmeaIreshapingeffectistemporary,IittIeriskisinvoIved,andyou

candiscontinuewearingthelensesatanytime.ChiIdrenandyoungadultswhowant

tobegases-freebutaretooyoungforeyesurgeryorareafraidoftakingthesurgery

oftenaregoodcandidatesforortho-k.PeopIewhoparticipateincontactsportsor

workindustyenvironmentsthatcanhaveproblemsforcontactlenswearaIsocanbe

goodcandidates.

Howmuchdoesortho-kcost?

CostsaIsocanvarybasedontheregionofthecountryandthetypeofpractice

whereyouhavetheprocedureperformed.Ortho-kpricesintheUSgeneraIIyrangefrom

$1,000to$2,000ButparticuIarIydifficultcasesofortho-kcancostasmuchas

$4.000.

Thereareadditionalcostsforlenscaresolutionsandfollowingupexamswhich

cantotaIabout$300to$500peryear.

Finally,keepinmindthat,aswithaIIcontactIenses,therearesomepossible

sideeffectsofwearingortho-klenses.AskyoureyedoctorfordetaiIs.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichwayisintroducedtocorrecteyesight?

A.Performinganoperationofthecornea.

B.Applyingcontactlensesinthedaytime.

C.Fittingproperglassesduringthenight.

D.WearingespeciaIIydesignedcontactIenses.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisright?

A.Youhavetowearortho-kdayandnighttoensuregoodresults.

B.Ortho-kisagoodchoiceforamanwithaveragenearsightedness.

C.Thecastofortho-kinthecityishigherthanthatinthecountryside.

D.Thereisnoneedforpeopletoworryaboutthesideeffectsofortho-k.

3.HowmuchwiIIapersonpayforusingotho-kforthefirstyearatIeast?

A.1,000.B.$1,300.C.$1,500.D.$2,000.

【答案】1.D2.B3.B

【解析】

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一種新的矯正視力的角膜塑形鏡，它的使用方法，使用效果,

適用人群以及費(fèi)用和副作用。

[1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Wouldn'titbegreatifyoucouIdcorrectyoureyesight,

especiaIIynearsightedness,andreduceyourdependenceongIassesandneedn,thave

eyesurgery?ThesoIutioniscalledorthokeratoIogy,orortho-k（角膜塑形鏡）.（如

果你不需要做眼科手術(shù)就能矯正視力，特別是近視，減少對(duì)眼鏡的依賴，那不是很好嗎？這種

解決方案被稱(chēng)為角膜塑形術(shù)，或角膜塑形鏡）”以及第三段“Orthokeratology（ortho-k）is

thefittingofspeciaIIydesignedcontactIenses（隱形眼鏡）thatyouwearovernight

whileyouareasIeep,theIensesgentIyreshapethefrontsurfaceofyourcornea（角

膜）soyoucanseecIearIythefollowingdayafteryouremovetheIenseswhenyouwake

up.（角膜塑形鏡是一種特殊設(shè)計(jì)的隱形眼鏡，你在睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候戴上它，隱形眼鏡輕輕地重塑

你角膜的前表面，這樣你在醒來(lái)的第二天摘下隱形眼鏡后就能清晰地看到）”可知角膜塑形鏡

是一種特殊設(shè)計(jì)的隱形眼鏡，所以本文介紹了通過(guò)戴角膜塑形鏡也就是特別設(shè)計(jì)的隱形眼鏡，

來(lái)糾正視力。故選D。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whoaregoodcandidatesforortho-k?介紹段落中"MostpeopIewithmiId

toaveragenearsightednessaregoodcandidatesforortho-k.（大多數(shù)有輕度到中度近

視的人都是角膜塑形鏡的合適人選）”可知，角膜塑形鏡對(duì)于中度近視的人來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選

擇。故選B。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中"Ortho-kpricesintheUSgeneraIIyrangefrom$1,000

to$2,000.（角膜塑形鏡在美國(guó)的價(jià)格一般在1000美元到2000美元之間）”以及倒數(shù)第二段

中“ThereareadditionaIcostsforIenscaresoIutionsandfollowingupexams,which

cantotaIabout$300to$500peryear.（鏡片護(hù)理解決方案和后續(xù)檢查需要額外的費(fèi)用,

每年總計(jì)約300至500美元）”可知，使用角膜塑形鏡第一年至少花費(fèi)1,000+300美元，也就

是1.300美元。故選B。

B

Shanghairesidentspassingthroughthecity'seasternHuangpudistrictinOctober

mighthaveastonishedatanunusuaIsight:a"walking“buiIding.An85-year-oId

primaryschooIhasbeenIiftedoffthegroundandreIocatedusingnewtechnologynamed

theuwaIkingmachine."

Inthecity'sIatestefforttopreservehistoricstructures,engineersattached

nearIy200mobiIesupportsunderthefive-storybuiIding,accordingtoLanWuji,chief

technicaIsupervisor（技術(shù)總監(jiān)）oftheproject.ThesupportsactIikeroboticIegs.

They'redividedintotwogroupswhichaIternateIyriseupanddown,imitatingthehuman

pace.AttachedsensorsheIpcontroIhowthebuiIdingmovesforward,saidLan.

Inrecentdecades,China*srapidmodernizationhasseenmanyhistoricbuiIdings

razedtocIearIandforhigh-risebuiIdings.Buttherehasbeengrowingconcernabout

thearchitecturalheritagelostasaresultofdestructionacrossthecountry.Some

citieshavelaunchednewpreservationandconservationcampaignsincIuding,on

occasion,theuseofadvancedtechnologiesthatallowoIdbuiIdingstoberelocated

ratherthandestroyed.

ShanghaihaspossibIybeenChina'smostprogressivecitywhenitcomestoheritage

preservation.ThesurvivaIofanumberof1930sbuiIdingsinthefamousBunddistrict

and19th-century“Shikumen“housesintherebuiItXintiandineighborhoodhave

offeredexampIesofhowtogiveoIdbuiIdingsnewIife.ThecityaIsohasasatisfying

recordofreIocatingoldbuiIdings.In2018,thecityreIocateda90-year-oIdbuiIding

inHongkoudistrict,inwhatwasthenconsideredtobeShanghai'smostcompIex

relocationprojecttodate.

TheLagenaPrimarySchooI,whichweighs7,600tons,posedanewchailenge-it's

T-shaped,whilepreviouslyrelocatedstructuresweresquareorfour-sided.Experts

mettodiscusspossibiIitiesandtestanumberofdifferenttechnologiesbefore

decidingonthe<4waIkingmachine”,Lansaid.However,hecouldn'tsharetheexact

costoftheproject,andthatrelocationcostswiIIdiffercasebycase."Itcan't

beusedasareference,becausewehavetopreservethehistoricaIbuiIdingnomatter

what,5,hesaid."ButingeneraI,it*scheaperthandestroyingandthenrebuiIding

somethinginanewlocation.”

4.Howdoesthe“walking“machinework?

A.ItuseshundredsofropestoIiftuptheentirebuiIding.

B.ItusesmanywheeIstoroIIthebuiIdingtothenewplace.

C.ItIiftsoffthebuiIdingstorybystorywiththeroboticIegs.

D.ItusessensorstocontroIthemovementofmobiIesupports.

5.WhatdoestheunderIinedword“razed“probabIymeaninParagraph3?

A.replacedB.burntC.protectedD.destroyed

6.Accordingtoparagraph3-4,whatcanweinferabouttheheritagepreservationin

China?

A.TheuseofadvancedtechnoIogyleadstogrowingconcern.

B.Shanghaiisthepioneerinpreservingarchitecturalheritage.

C.ThelocalgovernmenthasaIreadytakenactionsineethe1930s.

D.Itconsequentlyholdsbacktheprogressofmodernization.

7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.NewpreservationcampaignsarelaunchedinChina.

B.ModernizationposesthreatstohistoricbuiIdings.

C.AbuildinginShanghai“walks"toanewIocation.

D.uWaIkingmachine"makesheritageprotectioncheaper.

【答案】4.D5,D6.B7.C

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了利用“行走”機(jī)器搬遷上海一所有85年歷史的小學(xué)

的情況。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"ThesupportsactIikeroboticIegs.They'redividedinto

twogroupswhichalternatelyriseupanddown,imitatingthehumanpace.Attached

sensorshelpcontroIhowthebuiIdingmovesforward,saidLan."（移動(dòng)支架的作用就

像機(jī)器腿。它們被分成兩組，模仿人類(lèi)的步調(diào)，上下交替。連接的傳感器有助于控制建筑物如

何向前移動(dòng)，蘭說(shuō)），可知“行走”機(jī)器有可以走路的移動(dòng)支架（相當(dāng)于腿），它使用傳感器來(lái)

控制移動(dòng)支架的移動(dòng)，以此來(lái)移動(dòng)建筑。故選D項(xiàng)。

【5題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。由第三段中的“Inrecentdecades,China'srapidmodernizationhasseenmany

historicbuiIdingsrazedtoclearIandforhigh-risebuiIdings.Buttherehasbeen

growingconcernaboutthearchitecturalheritageIostasaresultofdestructionacross

thecountry.,J（近幾十年來(lái)，中國(guó)快速的現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程中，許多歷史建筑razed,為高層建筑

騰出了土地。但是，人們?cè)絹?lái)越擔(dān)心由于全國(guó)各地的破壞而失去的建筑遺產(chǎn)），可知，隨著中

國(guó)的快速發(fā)展，為了騰出土地，建筑遺產(chǎn)遭到破壞，因此人們擔(dān)心失去建筑遺產(chǎn)，razed在此

處意為"'destroyed（破壞）”。故選D項(xiàng)。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第四段中的“ShanghaihaspossibIybeenChina'smostprogressivecity

whenitcomestoheritagepreservation.（在遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)方面，上海可能是中國(guó)最進(jìn)步的

城市）以及“ThecityaIsohasasatisfyingrecordofreIocatingoldbuildings."（這

座城市在搬遷舊建筑方面也有令人滿意的記錄）可知，上海是保護(hù)建筑遺產(chǎn)的先驅(qū)且很有建樹(shù)。

故選B項(xiàng)。

【7題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是由第一段“An85-year-oldprimaryschoolhasbeenIifted

offthegroundandrelocatedusingnewtechnoIogynamedtheuwaIkingmachine.""

（一所有85年歷史的小學(xué)被搬離地面，并利用新技術(shù)“行走”機(jī)器重新安置）可知，文章主

要介紹了利用“行走”機(jī)器搬遷上海一所有85年歷史的小學(xué)，C項(xiàng)“上海的一棟建筑“走”

到了一個(gè)新的位置”符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。

C

Streaming（流媒體）firstbecamepopuIarin2005,thankstoYouTube.NowadaysnearIy

threequartersofAmericanhouseholdssubscribetoatleastonevideostreamingservice.

Withalmost200millionsubscribersworIdwideandabillionhoursofcontentviewed

eachweek,NetfIixisbyfarthebiggestpaidservice.No.2isAmazonPrimeVideo.

ButforeveryGoIiath,thereareahundredDavids.ManysmaIIerstreamingservices

shownothingbutsports,cIassicmovies,orJapaneseanime（動(dòng)畫(huà)片）.

IntheearIydaysofsteamingtheappeaIwastheIowercost,anditstillis.The

averagestreamerspends$37amonth（andsubscribestothreestreamingpIatform,while

theaveragecable（有線電視）userpaysmorethan$200permonth.Stillstreaminghas

becomemoreexpensiveinrecentyears.In2019,NetfIixraisedthepriceofitsbasic

service12.5percent,to$8.99amonth.Aquarterofissubscribers,whoprotested

priceincreases,saidtheywouldcanceItheirsubscriptions.Fewdid.

Amajorreason:StreamingnetworkshavebecomehometomanyofthemostpopuIar

TVseries,includingrecentEmmywinners.TheyofferfuII-lengthfeaturefiImsaswelI,

andIastyear,NetfIixreceivedmoreOscarnominalions(提名)thananyothermedia

company.Infact,streaminghaschangedtheOscarcompetition,atIeastforthisyear.

UsuallyonlyfiImsshownintheatersareconsidered,butbecauseofthecoronavirus,

aIImoviesreleasedonIinein2020arequaIifiedforthe2021AcademyAwards.That

shiftisespeciaIlygoodnewsforDisney,whichisputtingthemuchanticipatedmovie

MuIanonitsnewstreamingservice,Disney+.ButwatchingMuIanfromyourownhome

wiIIcost$29.99---ontopoftheservice'smonthlyfeeof$6.99.

Toomuchstreamingcanhaveitsdisadvantages,however.Therearethosewho

binge-watch,atermMerriam-Websteraddedin2017withthedefinition“towatchmany

oraIIepisodesof(aTVseries)onend."AlejandroFragosofromNewYorkholdsthe

GuinnessWorIdRecord:94straighthours.

8.WhatdotheunderIinedwordsuGoIiath"and"David“inParagraph1referto?

A.TVviewers.B.TVprograms.

C.Streamingsubscribers.D.Streamingservices.

9.WhydidmostNetflixsubscriberscontinuetheirsubscriptions?

A.Theycannotgowithoutit.

B.Theythinkthelowcostisathingofthepast.

C.NetfIixhascontrolledthemarket.

D.TheythinkitisgoodvaIueformoney.

10.WhatdoesthegoodnewsinParagraph3meantoDisney?

A.ThemovieMuIancanbereleasedonDisney+.

B.ThemovieMuIanwillgenerategreatprofits.

C.ThemovieMuIancancompeteforanOscar.

D.ThemovieMuIanwiIIwinanOscaraward.

11.Whatdobinge-watcherstendtodo?

A.TheystartanewIife.B.TheywatchTVseriescontinuousIy.

C.TheybreakworIdrecords.D.TheywatchTVseriesaimlessly

【答案】8.D9,D10.A11.B

【解析】

【分析】本文為說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了流媒體在美國(guó)的發(fā)展。

【8題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段"Withalmost200millionsubscribersworIdwideandabillion

hoursofcontentviewedeachweek,NetfIixisbyfarthebiggestpaidservice.No.

2isAmazonPrimeVideo.（Netflix在全球擁有近2億用戶，每周有10億小時(shí)的內(nèi)容瀏覽

量，是目前為止最大的付費(fèi)服務(wù)提供商。排名第二的是亞馬遜PrimeVideo。）”和“Many

smaIIerstreamingservicesshownothingbutsports,cIassicmovies,orJapanese

anime（許多小型流媒體服務(wù)只播放體育、經(jīng)典電影或日本動(dòng)漫）”可知，在排名一'二的

Netflix和亞馬遜這樣的流媒體服務(wù)商之外，有許多小型的流媒體服務(wù)接踵而至，因此

"Goliath"和"David"在此處代指流媒體服務(wù),故選D。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段1（Aquarterofissubscribers,whoprotestedpriceincreases,

saidtheywouIdcanceItheirsubscriptions.Fewdid.（四分之一的訂閱者抗議價(jià)格上漲，

并表示他們將取消訂閱。很少這樣做的。）”和第三段UAmajorreason:Streamingnetworks

havebecomehometomanyofthemostpopuIarTVseries,includingrecentEmmywinners.

TheyofferfuIHIengthfeaturefilmsaswell,（一個(gè)主要原因是：流媒體網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)成

為許多最受歡迎的電視劇的發(fā)源地，包括最近的艾美獎(jiǎng)得主。他們也提供完整長(zhǎng)度的電

影，……）.”可知，大多數(shù)Netflix用戶繼續(xù)訂閱是因?yàn)榱髅襟w網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)成為許多受歡迎的電

視'電影的片源地，他們認(rèn)為物有所值，故選D。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段l<NetfIixreceivedmoreOscarnominalions（提名）thananyother

mediacompany.Infact,streaminghaschangedtheOscarcompetition,atIeastforthis

year.（Netflix獲得的奧斯卡提名比其他任何媒體公司都多。事實(shí)上，流媒體已經(jīng)改變了奧

斯卡競(jìng)賽，至少今年是這樣。）"和"aIImoviesreIeasedonIinein2020arequaIifiedfor

the2021AcademyAwards.ThatshiftisespeciaIIygoodnewsforDisney,whichisputting

themuchanticipatedmovieMuIanonitsnewstreamingservice,Disney+.（2020年在

網(wǎng)上上映的所有電影都有資格獲得2021年奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)。這一轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)迪士尼來(lái)說(shuō)尤其是個(gè)好消息,

該公司正將備受期待的電影《花木蘭》（MuIan）放到其新的流媒體服務(wù)Disney+上）”可知，對(duì)

迪斯尼來(lái)說(shuō)的好消息是電影《花木蘭》可以角逐奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)了，故選C。

[11題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Therearethosewhobinge-watch,atermMerriam-Webster

addedin2017withthedefinition“towatchmanyoraIIepisodesof（aTVseries）

onend.AIejandroFragosofromNewYorkhoIdstheGuinnessWorIdRecord:94straight

hours.（韋氏詞典在2017年增加了“binge-watch（刷劇）”一詞，指“一口氣看完（電視?。?/p>

很多集或所有集“。來(lái)自紐約的AIejandroFragoso保持著連續(xù)94小時(shí)的吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄。）”

可知，binge-watchers傾向于不停刷劇,故選B。

D

IfalIgoeswell,abaIloonwiIIsoonrisefromEsrangeSpaceCenterinKiruna,

Sweden.11wiIIfIoathighintotheupperatmosphereandthenreturntoEarth.However,

environmentaIistshavearrivedtostopthisfromhappening.

ThecampaignersareagainstthebaIIoonbecauseofwhatoccursinfIight.The

baIIoonwiIIshootdustintotheEarthsupperatmosphere,causingmoresunIightto

refIectbackintospace.Thedust,knownasstratosphericaerosolinjection（SAI）,is

partofasoIargeoengineering（地球工程）programnamedSCoPexwhichisbeingconducted

byHarvardUniversity.TheaimoftheprogramistopurposeIychangetheEarth's

atmospheretofightcIimatechange.

Thosewhoopposeworryabouttwothings.Firstly,themoraIrisk-ifsolar

geoengineeringworks,taIksonreducinggreenhousegaseswiIIbechaIIenged.The

secondconcernistheamountofSAIintheatmosphere.TokeeptemperaturesIow,the

needofthereflectivedusttobeIreIeasedhighaboveEarthwiIIbeendless,anda

suddenstopcouldresultinrapidwarming.RaymondPierrehumbert,aphysicistatOxford

University,sayssolargeoengineeringiseventooIriskytoresearchbeyondcomputer

modeIs.

NotaIIenvironmentaIistsareopposedtoit.SineetheworIdisunIikeIytoachieve

the1.5℃globalwarmingtargetsetintheParisAgreement,somegreenorganizations

favoursmalI-sizedgeoengineeringresearch.

RegardIessofthecriticism,theresearchcontinues.Geoengineeringis

increasinglygaininginternationaIattention.ArecentreportaboutcIimatechange

suggestedthatSAIcouldheIpkeepwarmingbeIow1.5°C.TheNationaIAcademyof

Sciences,EngineeringandMedicineintheUSAhasdevelopedaresearchpIanforsoIar

geoengineeringandreceivedgovernmentaIfundingtotaIing$9miIIion.BothChinaand

IndiahaveaIsoIaunchedresearchprogrammesoftheirown.Activistsmayopposethe

experiments,butbaIloonswiIIlikelyflyanyway.

12.WhatisthefunctionofSAI?

A.Toattractdust.B.TothrowsunIightback.

C.Toabsorbheat.D.Tofightagainstpollution.

13.WhydoesRaymondPierrehumbertsaygeoengineeringisrisky?

A.ItmaychangecomputermodeIs.

B.Itmayproducetoomuchdust.

C.Itmayreleasegreenhousegases.

D.ItmayworsenglobaIwarming.

14.Howdosomepeopleexpectgeoengineeringresearchtobedone?

A.ToaIimiteddegree.

B.Atalowertemperature.

C.Bygreenorganizations.

D.WithoutinternationaIattention.

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred?

A.VoicesofenvironmentaIistsareignored.

B.Moresupportisgoingtogeoengineering.

C.GlobalwarmingisgettingworseinSweden.

D.GeoengineeringhasprovedeffectiveinIndia.

【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.B

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了用熱氣球進(jìn)行地球工程遭到了諸多科學(xué)家的反對(duì)，

但這項(xiàng)工程最終依然會(huì)按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理角星題。根據(jù)第二段中"ThebaIloonwillshootdustintotheEarthsupperatmosphere,

causingmoresunIighttorefIectbackintospace.（氣球會(huì)將灰塵噴射到地球的高層大

氣中，使更多的陽(yáng)光反射回太空）"以及"Thedust,knownasstratospheric

aerosoIinjection（SAI）,ispartofasoIargeoengineering（地球工程）programnamed

SCoPexwhichisbeingconductedbyHarvardUniversity.（塵埃被稱(chēng)為SAI,是由哈佛大

學(xué)實(shí)施的名為SCoPex的地球工程計(jì)劃的一部分）”可知，SAI的作用是將陽(yáng)光反射回太空。故

選B項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“TokeeptemperaturesIow,theneedoftherefIectivedust

tobeIreIeasedhighaboveEarthwiIIbeendIess,andasuddenstopcouIdresu11in

rapidwarming.（為了保持低溫，對(duì)地面上方高處釋放的反射式防塵圈的需求將是無(wú)止境的，

突然停止可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致迅速變暖）”可知，RaymondPierrehumbert說(shuō)地球工程是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的原因

是因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)工程會(huì)加速全球變暖，讓情況更糟糕。故選D項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“SincetheworIdisuniikeIytoachievethe1.5°C

gIobaIwarmingtargetsetintheParisAgreement,somegreenorganizationsfavour

smalI-sizedgeoengineeringresearch.（由于我們不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)《巴黎協(xié)定》設(shè)定的全球升

溫1.5℃的目標(biāo)，因此一些綠色組織贊成小型地球工程研究）”可知，有些人期望在有限的程

度范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行地球工程研究。故選A項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ArecentreportaboutcIimatechangesuggestedthatSAI

couIdheIpkeepwarmingbeIow1.5°C.TheNationaIAcademyofSciences,Engineering

andMedicineintheUSAhasdeveIopedaresearchpIanforsoIargeoengineeringand

receivedgovernmentalfundingtotalingS9miIIion.（最近有關(guān)氣候變化的報(bào)告表明，SAI

可以幫助將溫度保持在1.5℃以下。美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)，工程和醫(yī)學(xué)研究院已經(jīng)制定了一項(xiàng)太陽(yáng)

能地球工程研究計(jì)劃，并獲得了總計(jì)900萬(wàn)美元的政府資助）”以及“Geoengineeringis

increasinglygaininginternationalattention.（地球工程越來(lái)越受到國(guó)際關(guān)注）"可推知，

地球工程得到了越來(lái)越多的支持。故選B項(xiàng)。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

HowtoChooseYourPurpose-FiIledCareer

Whenyouthinkaboutchoosingacareer,youoftendoitinthefollowingtwoways.

16.IfyouIikewritingordoingcrafts,youmightconsiderthesethings.

Thisisnotabadwaytogo,ofcourse,butyoucan'talwaysmakemoneydoingthings

youIike(likevideogamesordrinkingbeer).AndsometimesthingsyouIikearebetter

asahobbyorsidepassion.

ThinkaboutaweII-paidjobthatyoucandoanddoesn5tsoundsobad.Maybea

doctor,engineerorIawyer?Ormaybethat'soutofyoureducationaIreach,soyou

chooseofficeorretaiIworker.17butoftentheyarenotsomethingyoure

reaIIypassionateabout.It'skindoflikejustdoingsomethingbecauseit5sthere一一

notveryinspired.

However,there5sanotherwaythatisperhapsbetter:18.ForexampIe,

takingcareofchiIdren,becauseyoureaIIywanttoheIpchiIdrengetagreatstart

inIife,orblossomintowhotheywanttobeorgettingintogovernmentorsociaIwork

toimprovetheconditionsofthecommunityyouIiveinorbecomingascientisttoheIp

easetheenvironmentaIcrisisorfindacureforaterribIedisease.19and

ifyouchooseoneofthemforthatpurpose,youwiIIserveinthatworkfeeIingasense

ofpurposeeachday.

ThereareendIesswaystodothat.Thepointisn'thowyouservetheworId,but

justservingtheworIdinsomewaywiIIhelpyoufeeIfilledwithpurpose.20.

A.TheseareaIIgreatchoices

B.ThinkaboutwhatyouIiketodo

C.Youcanidentifyyourpurposeandworkouthowtogetthere

D.EachoftheseisjustoneofmanypossibiIitiesfilledwithpurpose

E.TrytodosomethingtoserveacommunityormaketheworIdbetter

F.ThesooneryoucompIetethetrainingrequirementsthesooneryouwiIImakeaIiving

G.IfyouchooseapurposefuIandenjoyablejob,you'realwaysfurtheraIongthan

mostpeopIe

【答案】16.B17.A18.E19.D20.G

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹如何選擇對(duì)你富有意義的職業(yè)。

【16題詳解】

上文“Whenyouthinkaboutchoosingacareer,youoftendoitinthefollowingtwo

ways.（當(dāng)你考慮擇業(yè)時(shí)，你通常會(huì)用以下兩種方式來(lái)選擇。）”說(shuō)明接下來(lái)將會(huì)分別介紹兩種

選擇職業(yè)的方法。下文“IfyouIikewritingordoingcrafts,youmightconsiderthese

things（如果你喜歡寫(xiě)作或做工藝品，你可以考慮這些事情）”說(shuō)明可以把自己喜歡做的事當(dāng)

成職業(yè)。B項(xiàng)"ThinkaboutwhatyouIiketodo（想想你喜歡做什么）”能夠概括本段的

內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)。

17題詳解】

上文“Maybeadoctor,engineerorIawyer?Ormaybethat'soutofyoureducationaI

reach,soyouchooseofficeorretaiIworker.（也許是醫(yī)生、工程師或律師？又或許這

超出了你的教育能力范圍，所以你選擇了辦公室職員或零售員。）”介紹了一些可能的職業(yè)選

擇。下文“butoftentheyarenotsomethingyou'rereaIIypassionateabout.（但它

們往往不是你真正感興趣的事情。）”表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明空處講的是對(duì)這樣這些職業(yè)的總結(jié)和概

括。A項(xiàng)“TheseareaIIgreatchoices（這些都是很好的選擇）”承接上文且與下文為轉(zhuǎn)

折關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。

【18題詳解】

上文"However,there'sanotherwaythatisperhapsbetter（然而，還有另一種可能更

好的方法）”說(shuō)明接下來(lái)要講另一種選擇職業(yè)的辦法。下文"Forexample,takingcareof

chiIdren,becauseyoureaIIywanttoheIpchiIdrengetagreatstartinIife,orbIossom

intowhotheywanttobeorgettingintogovernmentorsociaIworktoimprovethe

conditionsofthecommunityyouIiveinorbecomingascientisttoheIpeasethe

environmentaIcrisisorfindacureforaterribIedisease.（例如照顧孩子，因?yàn)槟?/p>

真的想幫助孩子獲得一個(gè)良好的開(kāi)端或者變成他們想成為的人；或者做政府或社會(huì)工作來(lái)改善

你居住的社區(qū)的條件；或者成為一名科學(xué)家，幫助緩解環(huán)境危機(jī)，或者找到治愈一種可怕疾病

的方法。）”列舉了一些更有意義的職業(yè)選擇。E項(xiàng)"Trytodosomethingtoserveacommunity

ormaketheworldbetter（試著做些事情來(lái)服務(wù)社區(qū)或者讓世界變得更好）”承上啟下，符

合語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。

【19題詳解】

下文“andifyouchooseoneofthemforthatpurpose,youwiIIserveinthatworkfeeIing

asenseofpurposeeachday.（如果你為了這個(gè)目的而選擇其中一^你就會(huì)在工作中每天

都有使命感。）”說(shuō)明有目標(biāo)地選擇職業(yè)的好處。D項(xiàng)"Eachoftheseisjustoneofmany

possibiIitiesfilledwithpurpose（這其中的每一種都只是眾多充滿目的的可能性中的一

種）”中的purpose和下文中thatpurpose相呼應(yīng)，說(shuō)明選擇這些職業(yè)就會(huì)充滿目的性，引

出下文。故選D項(xiàng)。

[20題詳解】

上文“Thepointisn'thowyouservetheworId,butjustservingtheworIdinsome

waywillheIpyoufeeIfilledwithpurpose.（重要的不是你如何為這個(gè)世界服務(wù)，而是

只是以某種方式為這個(gè)世界服務(wù)會(huì)讓你感到充滿目標(biāo)。）"。說(shuō)明選擇一些有意義的工作帶給

你目標(biāo)感。G項(xiàng)“Ifyouchoo