2023年考研考博考博英語遼寧大學(xué)考試高頻考點參考題庫帶答案

2023年考研考博考博英語遼寧大學(xué)考試高頻考點參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.翻譯題當(dāng)前，國際形勢正在發(fā)生深刻而復(fù)雜的變化。和平、發(fā)展、合作是當(dāng)今時代的主旋律。世界多極化和經(jīng)濟全球化的趨勢深入發(fā)展，科技進(jìn)步日新月異，區(qū)域合作方興未艾，各國相互依存不斷加深，這些都為世界各國帶來了難得的發(fā)展機遇。同時，全球發(fā)展不均衡，南北差距拉大，傳統(tǒng)安全威脅和非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅相互交織，影響世界和平與發(fā)展的不穩(wěn)定不確定因素增多，廣大發(fā)展中國家實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨著嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。中國是最大的發(fā)展中國家，非洲是發(fā)展中國家最集中的大陸，中國和非洲的人口占世界人口三分之一以上。沒有中國和非洲的和平與發(fā)展，就沒有世界的和平與發(fā)展。2.單選題Conveniencefoodswhicharealreadypreparedforcookingareavailableingrocerystores.問題1選項A.readyB.approachableC.probableD.obtainable3.翻譯題Doyouseetheglassashalffullratherthanhalfempty?Doyoukeepyoureyeuponthedoughnut,notuponthehollow?Suddenlytheseclichésarescientificquestions,asresearchersscrutinizethepowerofpositivethinking.Afast-growingbodyofresearchisprovingthatoptimismcanhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful;pessimismleads,bycontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.“Ifyoucouldteachpeopletothinkmorepositively,”sayspsychologistCraig,“itwouldbelikeinoculatingthemagainstthesementalills.”Yourabilitiescount,butthebeliefthatyoucansucceedaffectswhetherornotyouwill.Inpart,that’sbecauseoptimistsandpessimistsdealwiththesamechallengesanddisappointmentsinverydifferentways.Take,forexample,yourjob.Inamajorstudy,psychologistSeligmanandhiscolleaguesurveyedsalesrepresentativesataLifeInsuranceCompany.Theyfoundthatthepositivethinkersamonglongtimerepresentativessold37percentmoreinsurancethandidthenegativethinkers.Ofnewlyhiredrepresentatives,optimistssold20percentmore.Howdidtheydoit?Thesecrettoanoptimist’ssuccessisinhis“explanatorystyle.”Whenthingsgowrong,thepessimisttendstoblamehimself,whiletheoptimistlooksforloopholes.Whenthingsgoright,theoptimisttakescreditwhilethepessimistseessuccessasafluke.Negativeorpositive,itwasaself-fulfillingprophecy.“Ifpeoplefeelhopeless,theydon’tbothertoacquiretheskillstheyneedtosucceed,”saysCraig.Asenseofcontrolisthelitmustestforsuccess.Theoptimistfeelsincontrolofhisownlife.Thepessimistfeelslikefate’splaythingandmovesslowly.Hedoesn’tseeadvice,sinceheassumesnothingcanbedone.Optimistsmaythinktheyarebetterthanthefactswouldjustifyandsometimesthat’swhatkeepsthemalive.Dr.SandraLeveyofPittsburgCancerInstitutestudiedwomenwithadvancedbreastcancer.Forthewomenwhoweregenerallyoptimistic,therewasalongerdisease-freeinterval,thebestpredictorofsurvival.Inapilotstudyofwomenintheearlystagesofbreastcancer,Dr.Leveyfoundthediseaserecurredsooneramongthepessimists.4.單選題Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyreadlovinglettersfromthefamilies.問題1選項A.sentimentalB.affectionateC.intimateD.sensitive5.單選題Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappenedbetween.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnotuntilthe19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic（1）,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe（2）

oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution（3）

up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading（4）

throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpicturesintothe20thcenturyworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin（5）

.Itisimportanttodoso.Itisgenerallyrecognized,however,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,followedbytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,althoughitsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately（6）

.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,aswellasinstitutional,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage（7）

increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,

（8）generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuchsmaller.Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsociety”begantobewidelyusedto

describethecontextwithinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas（9）

bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeencontroversialviewsaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications.“Benefits”havebeenweighed（10）

“harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.問題1選項A.meansB.methodC.mediumD.measure問題2選項A.processB.companyC.lightD.form問題3選項A.gatheredB.speededC.workedD.picked問題4選項A.onB.outC.overD.off問題5選項A.conceptB.dimensionC.effectD.perspective問題6選項A.apparentB.desirableC.negativeD.plausible問題7選項A.abilityB.capabilityC.capacityD.faculty問題8選項A.bymeansofB.intermsofC.withregardtoD.inlinewith問題9選項A.regardedB.impressedC.influencedD.effected問題10選項A.aboveB.uponC.withD.against6.單選題Winstonbecamequiteavariciousinhislatelife.問題1選項A.feebleB.greedyC.blatantD.forgetful7.翻譯題Confuciussaid,“Sincetheageof15,Ihavedevotedmyselftolearning;since30,Ihavebeenwellestablished;since40,Ihaveunderstoodmanythingsandhavenolongerbeenconfused;since50,Ihaveknownmyheaven-sentduty;since60,Ihavebeenabletodistinguishrightandwronginotherpeople’swords;andsince70,IhavebeenabletodowhatIintendfreelywithoutbreakingtherules.”TheaveragelifeexpectancyattheSpringandAutumnPeriodsandWarringStatesPeriodswas,accordingtosomeresearch,about19years.Confuciuslived72to73years,araregodoflongevityindeed.Itwasevenhardforthosewithpowerandleisuretoreachsuchanage.Therefore,Confuciuscouldbeverywelllearned,farfromwhatanordinarypersoncouldexpectathistimes.Thestatisticsin2001showsthattheworldlifeexpectancyis62.27withtheJapanesetakingtheleadtobe79.66whileChinagainingapositionsurpassingalldevelopingcountriesbyits69.98.However,theChinesehavenotyetreachedtheagetodowhattheyintendfreelywithoutbreakingtherules.Thus,rulesarehardnottobebroken.CalculatedinthetermsConfuciussetforusinlearning,thoseofuswhohavebeenlearningEnglishfortenyearsstillhavealongwaytogobeforereachingthetimetobeestablished.Tohavenoconfusion,onehastospend25years.TotrulyunderstandthepurposeofEnglishlearning,onehastodoitfor35years.Ittakes45yearsifonewantstodistinguishrightandwronginotherpeople’swords,and55yearstomanipulateEnglishlanguagefreelywithoutbreakingtherules.8.單選題Manycountrieshavenowsucceededin（

）themalarialmosquito.問題1選項A.erasingB.eradicatingC.abolishingD.demolishing9.單選題Becauseadegreefromagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemost（

）areasinJapaneselife.問題1選項A.sophisticatedB.competitiveC.considerateD.superficial10.單選題Athoroughstudyofbiologyrequires______withthepropertiesoftreesandplants,andthehabitsofbirdsandbeasts.問題1選項A.acquisitionB.acquaintanceC.discriminationD.justification11.單選題MosteconomistsintheUnitedStatesseemcaptivatedbythespellofthefreemarket.Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious.Accordingly,itrequiresamajoractofwilltothinkofprice-fixing(thedeterminationofpricesbytheseller)asboth“normal”andhavingavaluableeconomicfunction.Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.Modernindustrialplanningrequiresandrewardsgreatsize.Hence,acomparativelysmallnumberoflargefirmswillbecompetingforthesamegroupofconsumers.Thateachlargefirmwillactwithconsiderationofitsownneedsandthusavoidsellingitsproductsformorethanitscompetitorschargeiscommonlyrecognizedbyadvocatesoffree-marketeconomictheories.Buteachlargefirmwillalsoactwithfullconsiderationoftheneedsthatithasincommonwiththeotherlargefirmscompetingforthesamecustomers.Eachlargefirmwillthusavoidsignificantprice-cutting,becauseprice-cuttingwouldbeprejudicialtothecommoninterestinastabledemandforproducts.Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot.Moreover,thoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialistcountriesotherthantheUnitedStates.Theseeconomicsemployintentionalprice-fixing,usuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace.Weretheresomethingpeculiarlyefficientaboutthefreemarketandinefficientaboutprice-fixing,thecountriesthathaveavoidedthefirstandusedthesecondwouldhavesuffereddrasticallyintheireconomicdevelopment.Thereisnoindicationthattheyhave.Socialistindustryalsoworkswithinaframeworkofcontrolledprices.Intheearly1970s,theSovietUnionbegantogivefirmsandindustriessomeoftheflexibilityinadjustingpricesthatamoreinformalevolutionhasaccordedthecapitalistsystem.EconomistsintheUnitedStateshavehailedthechangeasareturntothefreemarket.ButSovietfirmsarenomoresubjecttopricesestablishedbyafreemarketoverwhichtheyexerciselessinfluencethanarecapitalfirms;rather,Sovietfirmshavebeengiventhepowertofixprices.1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.2.Theauthor'sattitudetoward"MosteconomistsintheUnitedStates”(Para,1)canbestbedescribedas（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor'sargumentthatapricefixedbytheseller“seemspernicious”(Para,1)because（

）.

4.Thesuggestioninthepassagethatprice-fixinginindustrializedsocietiesisnormalarisesfromtheauthor’sstatementthatprice-fixingis（

）.問題1選項A.refutethetheorythatthefreemarketplaysausefulroleinthedevelopmentofindustrializedsocietiesB.suggestmethodsbywhicheconomistsandmembersofthegovernmentoftheUniteStatescanrecognizeandcombatprice-fixingbylargefirmsC.showthatinindustrializedsocietiesprice-fixingandtheoperationofthefreemarketarenotonlycompatiblebutalsomutuallybeneficialD.arguethatprice-fixing,inoneformoranother,isaninevitablepartofandbenefittotheeconomyofanyindustrializedsociety問題2選項A.spitefulandenviousB.scornfulanddenunciatoryC.criticalandcondescendingD.ambivalentbutdeferential問題3選項A.peopledonothaveconfidenceinlargefirmsB.peopledonotexpectthegovernmenttoregulatepricesC.mosteconomistsbelievethatconsumersasagroupshoulddeterminepricesD.mosteconomistsassociatefixedpriceswithcommunistandsocialisteconomies問題4選項A.aprofitableresultofeconomicdevelopmentB.aninevitableresultoftheindustrialsystemC.theresultofanumberofcarefullyorganizeddecisionsD.aphenomenoncommontoindustrializedandnon-industrializedsocieties12.單選題Youhavetothawthemeatbeforeitcanbecooked.問題1選項A.tenderizeB.defrostC.seasonD.braise13.單選題StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.Infact,theeventsthatproducedthecanyon,farfrombeingsuddenandcataclysmic,simplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion.Manymillionsofyearsago,theColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1,000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredfonnationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears.Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure;geologistsrefertothisbulgingactionasupwarping;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateau,aprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyrose,shallowriversthatmeanderedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.Oneoftheserivers,locatedeastoftheupwarp,wastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapai,flowingwestoftheupwarp,extendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarp;iteventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-miIe-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago.Sincethen,thecanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcold,rainandsnow,alongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocks,increasetheopportunitiesforerosion.Thecanyonwallscrumble;theriveracquiresacuttingtool,tonsofdebris;rainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarvesidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?2.InthefirstsentencetheauthorreferstotheGrandCanyonasa“wound”toindicatethat（

）.3.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsabouttheGrandCanyoncanbedrawnfromthepassage?問題1選項A.Patternsoferosionindifferentmountainranges.B.ForcesthatmadetheGrandCanyons.C.TheincreasingpollutionoftheColoradoRiver.D.ThesuddenappearanceoftheGrandCanyon.問題2選項A.itwascausedbysomeancientconvulsionB.itspresenceisanembarrassmenttotheStateofColoradoC.itlookslikeaninjuryontheEarth’ssurfaceD.itiscausedmanyvisitorstoinjurethemselves問題3選項A.Itscontoursareconstantlychanging.B.Itcontainsapproximately14milliontonsofrock.C.Itseruptionshaveincreasedinrecentyears.D.Itisbeingerodedbytoxicwasteandpollutants.14.翻譯題Intheprocessoftheon-goingnationwidecampaignlaunchedtoconsolidatethemarketorder,punishmentshavebeenmetedoutinaccordancewithlawsagainstwithcrimesthatdoharmtopeople’slivesandhealth,includingproductionandsaleofcounterfeitandsubstandardfoodsandmedicines,andothercrimessuchastaxevasionanddefraud,financialswindling,smugglingandpyramidselling.Thishaseffectivelyprotectedthepeople’slegitimaterightsandinterests.Workhasbeenintensifiedtoinvestigateandpreventon-jobcrimes,withspecialfocusoninvestigatingandpunishingthoseconvictedofseriousbriberyandcorruptionoffenses,bringingtojusticethoseproventohaveactedasbehind-the-sceneleadersofMafia-likegangsorastheir“protectiveumbrellas”bytakingadvantagesoftheirpowersandinfluence.15.單選題Herdoctorisconcernedaboutthe______ofherbloodpressuresinceherlastvisit.問題1選項A.intensityB.elevationC.boostD.span16.單選題Amanufacturerofsportsshoesstartssellingconsumerelectronics.Asoftdrinklendsitsnametoarangeofurbanclothing.What’sgoingon?Insimplertimes,youknewwhereyouwerewithbrands.Onebrandnamemeantgood-qualitysportsshoes,anotherasoftdrink.Noconfusion.Today,however,bigcompaniestrytoredefinebrandsasnotsomuchaproduct,moreawayoflife,andstretchthemintonewareas.Intheearlyyearsoftheconsumersociety,abrandnameonaboxsimplyidentifiedwhatwasinside.Peoplewerelookingforproductsthatwouldimprovetheirqualityoflife,andchoosebrandsmostlikelytoachievethatpurpose.Butaspeopleinindustrializednationsbecamemoreaffluentandfulfilledtheirbasicneeds,brandsacquiredotherattributes.Thefunctionalityoftheproductwasstillimportant,butpeoplealsostartedusingbrandstosaysomethingaboutthemselves,forexample,choosingabrandofcosmeticswhichwouldsuggestthattheyweresophisticatedjet-setters.Now,wehaveenteredathirdageofbranding,inwhichsomanycompaniesaremakingroughlythesameproductatroughlythesamepricethatfunctionalityrarelysucceedsasapointofdifferentiation.Instead,companiesaretryingtomaketheirbrandsstandoutbyemphasizingtheiremotionalaspects,hopingconsumerswillidentifywiththesetofvaluesthebrandrepresents.Onedisadvantageofaproduct-basedbrandisthatiftheproductgoesoutoffashion,thebrandgoeswithit.Thisisaseriousconcernformanufacturesofbreakfastcereals,whoarestrugglingtocounterweakdemandfortheproductsthatbeartheirnames.Sofar,theirmarketingeffortsseemtobehavinglittleeffect.Theadvantageforemotionalbrandsisthatcompaniescantransfertheirbrandstrengthintootherareas,increasingrevenuesandreducingtheirexposuretothelifespanofasingleproduct.Theelasticityofbrandsseemstoberelatedtotheirpositiononaspectrumrangingfromthoserootedinsolid,tangibleassetstothosewithhighlyintangibleemotionalqualities.Attheoneend,youhavetraincompaniesthattendtoassociatethemselveswithinfrastructureandtheirabilitytogetyoufromAtoB,andattheotherendwouldbealeisurebrandthatpositionsitselfondreamsandmakingpeoplehavefun.Itisthelatterwhichhasthemaximumpotentialforstretch.Butevenemotionalbrandshavealimittotheirelasticity.Themerchandisehastobeconsistentwiththebrandpromise.Justtosellmerchandisewithyourlogoonitisashort-term,mistakenidea.Fromthisviewpoint,thedecisiontomovefromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsmakessense.Mostitemsintherange,suchasthetwo-wayradioforhikers,aresports-focused,eventhoughtheproductsmaybeadoptedasfashionaccessories,andthesportsshoecustomerswillprobablysnapthemup.Whenthemovewasmadefromsoftdrinksintoclothing,however,itleftthebrandingconsultantscold.Itwasadifficultmentalleapintoclothingfromthedrinksocloselyassociatedwiththatparticularbrandname.Ontheotherhand,theemotionalattributesthatyoungstersseemtofindappealinginthedrink,likeitsheritageandglobalappeal,arefashionableatthemoment,andinfactresponsetotheclotheswiththesamenamehasbeenoverwhelming.Maybethisjustshowsthataninspiredmove—andbyallaccountsasnapdecision—sometimespaysoffagainsttheodds,leavingthemanufacturerlaughingallthewaytothebank.1.Accordingtothewriter,anattributeofthethirdageofbrandingisthat（

）.2.Thewritermentionsmanufacturersofbreakfastcerealstoillustratehow（

）.

3.Thewriterarguethatthestretchfromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsislikelytobesuccessfulbecause（

）.

4.Thewriterarguesthatthestretchformsoftdrinksintoclothing（

）.問題1選項A.competingproductsmayservetheirpurposeequallywellB.therangeofproductsavailableistoolargeforalltosurviveC.consumersarebecomingconfusedabouttheproductsavailableD.pricehasbecomeakeyfactorinconsumers'choiceofproducts問題2選項A.competitioncanhaveanimpactonaproductB.abrandcanloseitspopularitydespiteastrongmarketfortheproductC.advertisingcanaffectsalesofaproductD.changesinthepopularityofproductscancausedifficulties問題3選項A.existingcustomershavedemandedthenewproductsB.theywillbesoldinthesameoutletsC.thenewlineswillexpandthemanufacturer’smarketD.thereisaconnectioninthewaythatthegoodscanbeused問題4選項A.wasagamblewhichsucceededB.builtonthepopularityofcertaintypeofclothingC.showedthevalueofcarefulplanningD.createdproductionproblemsforthemanufacturer17.單選題Theplane（

）,itsbombsexplodingasithittheground.問題1選項A.smashedB.crushedC.plungedD.crashed18.單選題Herheartwasfilledwithcompassionforthemotherlesschildren.問題1選項A.sympathyB.regretC.wistfulnessD.sorrow19.單選題Ifaforeignobjectbecomeslodgedintheeye,medicalhelpisnecessary.問題1選項A.depositedinB.residedinC.blurrytoD.isolatedfrom20.單選題The（）ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.問題1選項A.originB.generationC.descentD.cause第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】【參考譯文】Atpresent,theinternationalsituationisundergoingprofoundandcomplexchanges.Peace,developmentandcooperationarethethemesofthepresentera.Thetrendofworldmulti-polarizationandeconomicglobalizationisdevelopingfurther,theprogressinscienceandtechnologyischangingwitheachpassingday,theregionalcooperationismakingrobustprogress,andtheinterdependencebetweeneachnationgoesfurther.Allthesehavecreatedraredevelopmentopportunitiesfortheinternationalcommunity.Atthesametime,imbalanceinglobaldevelopment,wideninggapbetweenNorthandSouth,thecombinationoftraditionalandnon-traditionalsecuritythreatsaswellasincreasingfactorsofinstabilityanduncertaintystandinginthewayofpeaceanddevelopmentallposeadauntingchallengetodevelopingcountriesintheirpursuitofsustainabledevelopment.Chinaisthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld,andAfricaishometothelargestnumberofdevelopingcountriesintheworld.Ourcombinedpopulationaccountsforoverathirdoftheworldtotalpopulation.WithoutpeaceanddevelopmentinChinaandAfrica,therewillbenoglobalpeaceanddevelopment.2.【答案】D【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項ready“準(zhǔn)備好的，現(xiàn)成的，迅速的”；B選項approachable“可接近的，可到達(dá)的，易理解的”；C選項probable“很可能的，可信的”；D選項obtainable“能得到的，能獲得的”。句意：現(xiàn)成的方便食品可以在雜貨店買到。Available“可獲得的；可購得的；可找到的；有空的”，所以D選項與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項正確。3.【答案】【參考譯文】你看到的玻璃杯是半滿的還是半空的？你的眼睛是盯著炸面圈還是中間的那個洞？當(dāng)研究者們仔細(xì)觀察積極思維的力量時，這些陳詞濫調(diào)突然間都成了科學(xué)問題。迅速增多的大量研究工作證明樂觀的態(tài)度可以使你更快樂、更健康、更成功。與此相反，悲觀則導(dǎo)致無望、疾病以及失敗，它與沮喪、孤獨、令人苦惱的靦腆密切相關(guān)。心理學(xué)家克雷格說：“如果你能夠教會人們更積極地思考，那就如同為他們注射了預(yù)防這些心理疾病的疫苗?！蹦愕哪芰倘恢匾?，但你能成功的信念影響到你是否真能成功。在某種程度上，這是由于樂觀者和悲觀者以截然不同的方式對待同樣的挑戰(zhàn)和失望。以你的工作為例。心理學(xué)家塞利格曼和他的同事對一家人壽保險公司的推銷員進(jìn)行了廣泛調(diào)查。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在工齡較長的推銷員中，積極思考者比消極思考者要多推銷37%的保險額。在新雇傭的推銷員中，樂觀主義者則多銷了20%。他們是如何做的呢？樂觀主義者成功的秘訣就在于他的“歸因方式”。出了問題之后，悲觀主義者傾向于自責(zé)，樂觀主義者則尋找漏洞。當(dāng)一切順利時，樂觀主義者看成是自己的功勞，而悲觀主義者只把成功視為僥幸。無論是消極還是積極，都是一種本身會成為事實的預(yù)言?？死赘裾f：“如果人們感到?jīng)]有希望，他們就不會費事去獲得成功所需的技能。”控制感是成功的試金石。樂觀者能夠掌握自己的命運。悲觀者則感到自己只能任由命運擺布，行動拖拉。既然認(rèn)為毫無辦法，他便不去尋求指點。樂觀主義者也許認(rèn)為自己比事實能夠證明的要強——有時正是這一點使他們充滿生機。匹茲堡腫瘤研究所的桑德拉?利維博士對患晚期乳腺癌的婦女進(jìn)行了研究。對那些通常持樂觀態(tài)度的婦女來說，兩次發(fā)病間隔的時間較長，而這是生存下去的最好預(yù)兆。在一次對早期乳腺癌婦女的小規(guī)模試驗性研究中，利維博士發(fā)現(xiàn)這一疾病在悲觀主義者身上復(fù)發(fā)更早。4.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。loving意為“愛的，充滿愛的”；sentimental意為“傷感的”；affectionate意為“深情的，摯愛的”；intimate意為“親密的，親近的”；sensitive意為“敏感的”。句意：所有的海上石油探險家在讀家里寄來的充滿愛的信件時都興高采烈。5.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:B第4題:A第5題:D第6題:A第7題:C第8題:B第9題:C第10題:D【解析】（1）考查邏輯關(guān)系。mean意為“方法，手段”；method意為“方法”；medium意為“(傳播信息的)媒介，手段”；measure意為“測量，度量”。由句中的newspaper可知它屬于一種媒介，因此選C。（2）考查固定搭配。intheprocessof意為“在……的過程中”；inthecompanyof意為“伴隨，在……的陪同下，當(dāng)著……的面”；inthelightof意為“鑒于，由于，按照”；intheformof意為“用……的形式”?？崭裉幣c“inthewakeof（緊緊跟隨，隨著……而來）”相對應(yīng)，因此選B，表示“繼小冊子和圖書之后，與期刊一起……”（3）考查詞組辨析。gatherup意為“概括，收集起”；speedup意為“（使）加速”；workup意為“激發(fā)(熱情），鼓起（勇氣)”；pickup意為“拿起，撿起”。由“thecommunicationsrevolution（通訊革命）______up,beginningwithtransport,therailway（從運輸開始，鐵路）...hthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures（電報、電話、收音機和電影）”可推測是對通訊革命發(fā)展的介紹，B選項最符合邏輯，表示“通訊革命的發(fā)展也加快了步伐”。（4）考查詞組辨析。leadon意為“代領(lǐng)……繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，繼續(xù)引領(lǐng)，勸誘，哄騙”；leadout意為“出發(fā)，開始”；leadover意為“領(lǐng)先”；leadoff意為“起始于（某處），開始”。由句中的狀語“beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading______throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpicturesintothe20thcenturyworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane（從運輸、鐵路開始，……到電報、電話、收音機和電影，知道20世紀(jì)的汽車和飛機時代）”可知A選項最符合邏輯。（5）考查固定搭配。inperspective為固定搭配，意為“正確地”。此句意為“并不是每一個人都能正確地看待這個過程”。（6）考查形容詞辨析。apparent意為“顯而易見，顯然的，表明的”；desirable意為“令人滿意的”；negative意為“消極的，否認(rèn)的”；plausible意為“(借口或解釋)有道理的，可信的，花言巧語的”。although引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，由前面的“radicallychangedtheprocess（從根本上改變了這個過程）”可推測“對媒體的影響并不是很明顯”，因此選A。（7）考查名詞辨析。ability意為“能力，資格”；capability意為“才能，能力”；capacity意為“容量”；faculty意為“能力，全體教員”。由“storage（儲存，貯存）”可知C選項最符合邏輯。（8）考查詞組辨析。bymeansof意為“用，依靠，借助于”；intermsof意為“根據(jù)，按照，在……方面”；withregardto意為“關(guān)于”；inlinewith意為“跟……一致，符合”。由“withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuchsmaller（代與代之間的差距逐近變?。笨芍颂幨菍⒂嬎銠C按照“人”的“代”來劃分的，因此選B。（9）考查動詞辨析。regard意為“認(rèn)為，當(dāng)作”；impress意為“給……留下深刻印象”；influence意為“影響”；effect作動詞時，意為“使發(fā)生，引起”，作名詞時，意為“影響，結(jié)果”。由后面的“implications（可能的影響，暗指）”可推測此處指對工作等方面的影響，因此選C。（10）考查詞義辨析。此處是將““benefits”與“harmful”是對立關(guān)系，weigh表示“認(rèn)真考慮，權(quán)衡”，四個選項中只有“against”含有“反對，與……相反”，因此選D。6.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。avaricious意為“貪財?shù)模澙返摹?；feeble意為“虛弱的，衰弱的”；greedy意為“貪婪的，貪心的”；blatant意為“明目張膽的，公然的”；forgetful意為“健忘的，好忘事的，疏忽的”。句意：溫斯頓晚年變得相當(dāng)貪婪。7.【答案】【參考譯文】子曰“吾十有五而志于學(xué)，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳順，七十而從心所欲，不逾矩?！备鶕?jù)一些研究，在春秋戰(zhàn)國時人的平均壽命大約為19歲。孔子活到了72到73歲，是少有的壽星。在那時，即使是那些有權(quán)且生活閑暇的人也很難達(dá)到孔子的高壽。所以，孔子的修行是很高的，在當(dāng)時，非一般人所能企及。2001年的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，世界人口平均壽命為62.27歲，其中日本人的平均壽命最高，達(dá)到79.66歲，而中國人以平均壽命69.98歲而超過所有發(fā)展中國家人口的平均壽命。然而，中國人還沒有活到隨心所欲而不越出規(guī)矩的年齡。因此，不逾矩很難。若以孔子志學(xué)的時間推算，我們學(xué)習(xí)英語10年，還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，因為還沒有到而立之年。要想沒有疑問，得學(xué)25年；要想真正懂得學(xué)習(xí)英語的目的，得學(xué)35年；要想辨別他人英語的好壞，得學(xué)45年；要想隨心所欲且不逾矩地運用英語，得學(xué)55年。8.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。erase意為“清除，消除，擦掉”，多指清除債務(wù)，記憶等；eradicate意為“摧毀，完全根除”，強調(diào)徹底清楚；abolish意為“廢除，廢止”，一般指廢除有關(guān)習(xí)俗、制度、法律、制度等；demolish意為“摧毀，拆毀”，多指拆掉建筑物。句意：許多國家現(xiàn)已成功根除瘧疾蚊子。9.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sophisticated意為“見多識廣的，老練的”；competitive意為“競爭的，比賽的”；considerate意為“考慮周到的，體貼的”；superficial意為“膚淺的，表面的”。由前面because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語，可知好大學(xué)的學(xué)位意味著好更好的工作，故此推測教育領(lǐng)域具有競爭性，因此選B。句意：因為一所好大學(xué)的學(xué)位是獲得更好工作的手段，所以教育是日本人生活中最具競爭的領(lǐng)域之一。10.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項acquisition“獲得物，獲得；收購”；B選項acquaintance“熟人；熟悉；熟知；相識；了解；知道”；C選項discrimination“歧視；區(qū)別，辨別；識別力”；D選項justification“理由；辯護；認(rèn)為有理，認(rèn)為正當(dāng)；釋罪”。句意：徹底的生物學(xué)研究需要_____樹木和植物的特性以及鳥獸的習(xí)性。此處填“熟悉”一詞最符合句意，所以B選項正確。11.【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:C第4題:B【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段指出美國的大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家都被自由市場的魅力所迷惑，事實上，在所有工業(yè)化社會中，價格固定都是正常的，因為工業(yè)體系本身提供了它所需要的價格固定，這是它自身發(fā)展的毫不費力的結(jié)果。隨后文章對定價進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析，因此D選項“認(rèn)為以某種形式的價格固定是任何工業(yè)化社會經(jīng)濟的必然組成部分，并對其有益”符合題意。2.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章第二段中的Moreover,thoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialistcountriesotherthantheUnitedStates.（此外，那些認(rèn)為讓自由市場在不受干擾的情況下運行是確定價格的最有效方法的經(jīng)濟學(xué)家，沒有考慮到美國以外的非社會主義國家的經(jīng)濟）可知作者對美國大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家的觀點是不贊成的，但其后并沒有明確指出是自由市場好還是定價市場好，因此作者的態(tài)度是批評與謙虛的，選C。3.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious.（因此，沒有不符合自由市場要求的東西是好的或正常的。一個由賣方?jīng)Q定的價格，或者就此而言，由除消費者總數(shù)以外的任何人確定的價格，似乎是有害的）可知C選項“大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家認(rèn)為消費者群體應(yīng)該決定價格”符合題意。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindu