2023屆上海市嘉定區(qū)高三下學(xué)期英語質(zhì)量調(diào)研卷及答案

高三下學(xué)期英語質(zhì)量調(diào)研卷一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文1.Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperfarmofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WhyActingIsSoMuchMoreThanItAppearstoBeFormanypeople,actingappearstobepeopletalkingwhilegettingemotional,whichiswhysomanypeoplethinktheycandoit.Nooneimagines________wakinguponedayandbeingaprofessionalsingerorpianist.Butforactors,theysay,"actingishardonly________onehastomemorizelines,ifIcouldremember,Icouldbeanactor,too."Butactingisn'tjustaboutmemorizinglinesandtalkinginconversationalreality.AsMeisnersaid,"Actingisdoingthingstruthfullyunderimaginarycircumstances."If________(understand)correctly,thisdefinitionisanambitiousandremarkablethingtostrivefor.Todothingstruthfully,actorsmustacquiremanychallengingskills.________theseskills,thescriptwillremainflatonthepage,despitebeingrecitedoutloud.Tomakeascriptcometolifeinabelievableway,theactor________makeactivechoices.Imagineforamomenthowmanydifferentwaysthereare________(deliver)onesingleline.Evensomethingassimpleas"closethedoor"canmeansomanydifferentthingsand________(express)insomanydifferentways.Thewordsarethewriter's,butthebehavior________bringsthemtovividlife?Thatistheactor.Thegoalofgreatactors?That'stoactnaturally.Goodqualityactingmustalwayscomedowntoakindofnaturalnessthatmakesthoseactingskills________(visible)totheaudience.Inotherwords,agoodactormustnotappeartobeactingatall.Sodonotbefooledintothinkingthat________canreadandspeakcanbeanactor.Thenaturalnessdisplayedbygreatactorsisexactlywhatmakesyouthinkthatway,butittookthemyearsoftrainingtogettothispoint.Itissomuchmorethanyouknow.二、選用適當(dāng)?shù)脝卧~或短語補(bǔ)全句子2.Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Each-wordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.leaveB.signalC.briefD.interruptionE.markingF.indicatedG.practiceH.restingI.unifiedJ.strugglingK.temporaryWhatIsaParagraphBreak?Itisoneofthemostimportantpunctuationmarks.Aparagraphbreakisanindentation(縮造)orasinglelinespace________thedivisionbetweenoneparagraphandthenextinabodyoftext.Generally,paragraphbreaksserveto________thetransitionfromoneideatoanotherinastretchoftext,andfromonespeakertoanotherinanexchangeofdialogue.Fewreaderswouldthinkoftheparagraphbreakasapunctuationmark,butitcertainlyis.Inancienttimestherewerenoparagraphs.Sentencessimplyflowedintooneanotherwithout________.Duringmedieval(中世紀(jì))times,themarkevolvedintotheparagraphsymbolandeventuallybecamethemodern-dayparagraphbreak,whichis________nowonlybyalinebreakorindentation.Today,theparagraphbreakisusedtogivereadersabreak.Theartofcreatingparagraphsiscalledparagraphing,the________ofdividingatextintoparagraphs.Paragraphingisakindnesstoyourreaderbecauseitdividesyourthinkingintomanageablebites.Paragraphsthataretoolong________readerswithdenseblocksoftexttoreadthrough,whilemorefrequentparagraphingprovidesreaderswithconvenient________pointsatwhichtotakeabreakandrelaunchthemselvesintothinking.Tofullyunderstandwhentoinsertaparagraphbreak,it'shelpfultoknowthataparagraphisagroupofcloselyrelatedsentencesthatdevelopacentralidea.Therefore,eachparagraphdiscussesone________topic.Also,aparagraphbreakiscmploycdbeforeeachnewtopicisintroduced.Inthisway,thewritingwillflow,andreaderswillbeabletoproceedthroughthewritinginalogicalfashioninsteadof________allthewaytogettothelastline.Paragraphsusedtobelonger,butwiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,whichgivesreadersaccesstoliterallymillionsofsourcesofinformation,paragraphshavebecomeincreasingly________.Thestyleformanywebsites,forexample,usesparagraphsnomorethantwotothreesentences.三、完形填空3.完形填空TherehavebeenmanytimesduringmytravelswhenI'veneededsomethingrepaired,frombrokenzipstomemorycardsthathavelostdata.FromIndiatoEthiopia,Ihavehad1

troubleinfindingmenderstorepairwhatisbroken.Butinrichcountries,suchitemswouldoftenbe2

andreplacedwithnewones.Nowtheideathatsomethingthatworksfineshouldbereplacedisnowsodeeply-rootedinour3

thatfewpeoplequestionit.Weareincreasinglyconvincedbymanufacturersto4

replaceaproduct.Theearliestexamplemaybetheso-called"lightbulbscheme",inwhichagroupofcompaniessignedanagreementthat5

eachothertoselllightbulbswithalongerthan1000-hourlifespan(壽命),eventhoughbulbslastingmorethan100000hours6.Theresultwasthathouseholdsneededtoreplacetheirbulbsregularly,greatly7

theconsumermarket.Thiswayofsellingmoreproductsbydesigningproductsthat8

fail,cannotberepaired,orhaveasetlifespanisknownas“plannedobsolescence(報廢)".However,itisnotjustawayfor9

toincreaseprofits,manypoliticiansbelieveittobeasocietalnecessity.Duringthe1930sDepressionintheUS,itwasseenasawaytogetthe10

movingagainbyurgingpeopletobuymorestuff.Bythe1950s,ithadbecomethedominantpracticeinlarge-scaleproductionwiththingsnolongerbuiltto11.Cleveradvertisingpersuadedpeopletoshop.Consumerculturewasborn.Someindustries,suchasfashion,relyheavilyon"plannedobsolescence"withitemsbeingmadetolastasingleseasonorless.Otherindustriesare12

fashiontobringoutproductsthatwillsoonappeardated.Forexample,13

lifespansareprogrammedintochips(芯片),sothatprinterswillstopworkingafterapresetnumberofpages.14,someconsumersarestartingtohitback,advisingpeopleontheInternethowtofindandremovetheprinterchip.Theybegantakingapartcomputersandotherequipment,gettingaroundthecopyrightprotection.Peoplelikethemarecontributingtoa15

oftheconsumerculture.Insteadofbeingdrivenbyit,theychoosenewproductsbasedonhowlong-lastingtheyareandhoweasytheyaretoberepaired.Perhaps,"plannedobsolescence"willbegintoseeitsend.1.A.realB.muchC.littleD.big2.A.workedoutB.thrownawayC.fixedupD.boastedabout3.A.industryB.cultureC.productD.route4.A.permanentlyB.fundamentallyC.sensiblyD.frequently5.A.forbadeB.remindedC.allowedD.instructed6.A.failedB.existedC.flashedD.boomed7.A.shrinkingB.distributingC.stabilizingD.expanding8.A.miserablyB.barelyC.deliberatelyD.slightly9.A.opponentsB.manufacturersC.delegatesD.immigrants10.A.employmentB.fashionC.politicsD.economy11.A.lastB.transferC.collapseD.tempt12.A.exploitingB.followingC.desertingD.entitling13.A.decentB.additionalC.validD.limited14.A.ThereforeB.BesidesC.HoweverD.Anyway15.A.shiftB.knowledgeC.riseD.success四、閱讀選擇4.閱讀理解OnMonday,ascientistanddoctorRobertWinstonistoformallyaskaquestionincongressaboutwhatassessmentsthegovernmenthasmade"forrequiringadultsridingbicyclesincitycentrestoheavealicenceandthird-partyinsurance".TheletterbelowistheentirelyimaginedresponseIwouldlikethegovernmenttomaketohim.DearRobert,Youaskwhatassessmentswe'vemadeforyourproposalaboutobligingcycliststohavelicencesandinsurance.Thebriefansweris:none.Nordowehaveanyplanstodoso.Why?Again,theshortansweristhis:it'sasillyandpointlessthingtosuggest,asevidencedbythefactthatpracticallynocountriesorterritoriesanywhereintheworldrequirecycliststobelicensed,ortohavecompulsoryinsurance.Isupposeit'sonlyfairifIexplainwhyIthinkitissuchanon-issue.It'sprettysimple:suchaplanwouldachieveprettymuchnothing,whilecausingsignificantproblems.Morewidely,anysensiblegovernmentswilldoeverythingintheirpowertogetmorepeoplecycling,nottoputpointlessobstaclesintheirway.Let'sjusttakeoneexample.AsI'msureyouknowasadoctor,oneoftheproblemsfacingournationisthattheNationalHealthSystemislikelytocollapseunderthecaringforanincreasinglyoverweightpopulation.Inactivelivingiscentraltothis.Evenafairlybriefdailybiketripcanhavemiraculousbenefitsforpeople'shealth.Next,howwouldsuchrulesevenwork?Wouldthelicensingandinsurancebejustforadults,oralsochildren?Howwouldthesystemevenbeenforced-woulditalsorequireallbikestoberegisteredwithnumberplates?Finally,whatwouldyouhopetoachievebythis?Ifyoubelievelicensingtransportusersstopswrongdoing,canIpointtoyouthedatashowinghowathirdofdriversadmittousinghandheldphoneswhiledriving,despitethelawforbiddingit.So,tosummarize：yourplanwouldbetointroduceahugelynewadministrativeschemethatwouldmostlikelyhavelimitedeffectonthebehaviourofaveragelylaw-abiding(守法的)transportuserswhorarelyharmothers,whileputtingpeopleofffromthisbeneficialtypeoftransport.I'mafraidIjustdon'tgetit.〔1〕WhatdoesRobertmostprobablywanttoknowbyaskingthequestion?A.whetherthegovernmenthasmadeeffortsregardinghisproposal.

B.whethereachbikeriderhasappliedforathird-partyinsurance.

C.whetherthecongresshassympathytowardsthecyclists.

D.whetherdoctorscanreceivethegovernment'ssupport.〔2〕WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheplanproposedbyRobert?A.Itmayraisepeople'sinsuranceawareness.

B.Itcanmotivatepeopletoobeythelaw.

C.Itimitateswhatothercountriesaredoing.

D.Itisdifficulttoimplementandenforce.〔3〕Theexampleinparagraph6isused

.A.todrawpeople'sattentiontooverweightproblems

B.toprovethatcyclingcancauseproblems

C.toexplainwhygovernmentsadvocatecycling

D.toillustratehowbrokentheNHSis〔4〕Wecanconcludefromthepassagethattheauthor

.A.holdsprejudicesagainstRobertWinston

B.isapleasantandgood-temperedperson

C.hastherighttospeakforthegovernment

D.isskilledinargumentativetechniques5.閱讀理解ThisdocumentsetsoutthedisplaystandardsforGlasgowMuseums.Thisguidewillhelpexhibitionplannersprovideaccesstoexhibitionsinourmuseums.GlasgowMuseums'aimistoimproveaccesstocollectionsbyhavingasmanyitemsaspossibleondisplayandwithoutphysicalbarriers.Wealsotryoutbesttoprotecttheseobjectswithoutlimitingaccesstothem.ObjectPlacement·Don'tplaceobjectsinsuchawaythattheycouldpresentadangertovisitors.·Allobjectdisplays,casedorotherwise,mustbeviewablebyall,includingpeoplewhoaresmallinfigureorinwheelchairs.OpenDisplay·Allobjectsonopendisplaymustbesecurefromtheftanddamage.·Allobjectsidentifiedforpotentialopendisplaymustbeviewedandagreedonanobject-to-objectbasisbytheSecurityManagerofthemuseum.RecommendationsDistanceRecommendeddistancetoplaceobjectsoutof“casualarm'slength〞(takenfromtheedgeoftheobjecttotheedgeofanyproposedformofbarrier)700mm*Insomecases,600mmmaybeacceptable,providedtheplinthheightisabove350mm.CasedObjects·Allcaseddisplaysshouldfallwithinthegeneraloptimum〔最優(yōu)的〕viewingbandof750-2000mm.Ensureeverythingisvisuallyaccessiblefromawheelchair.·Positionsmallobjectsorthosewithfinedetailinthefrontpartofacase,withlargeritemsbehind.·Positionsmallitemsorthosewithfinedetailnohigherthan1015mmfromfloorlevel.Objectsplacedabovethisheightareonlyseenfrombelowbypeopleinwheelchairsorpeoplewhoaresmallinfigure.〔1〕Fromthispassage,wecanlearnthatGlasgowMuseums______.A.limitaccesstoexhibitionsonadailybasis

B.aremostfamousforitslargecollection

C.makegenerousdonationstothedisabled

D.valuetheexperiencesofallvisitors〔2〕Accordingtotheguide,objectstobeplacedonopendisplaymust______.A.beequippedwithanti-theftsystem

B.beviewedfromadistanceof700mm

C.receiveapprovalfromthemuseumfirst

D.fallwithinarms'reachofastandingman〔3〕Amotherandher10-year-oldsonarelikelytobothfeelcomfortableinfrontofadiamondplacedinaglasscaseattheheightof______.

B.950mm

D.450mm6.閱讀理解GottfriedWilhelmvonLiebnizwasaphilosopherandmathematicianinsearchofamodel.Inthelate1600sLeibnizdecidedtherewasaneedforanew,purerarithmeticthanourcommondecimal(十進(jìn)制)system.Hegothisinspirationfromthe5000-year-oldbookthatisattheheartofChinesephilosophy:theI-Ching,orBookofChanges.ThisancienttextwassuchaninfluenceonLiebnizthathetitledhisarticleonthenewarithmetic"ExplanationofanewarithmeticandtheancientChinesefigureofFuX".FuXiwasthelegendaryfirstauthoroftheI-Ching.ThearithmeticthatLiebnizdescribedwasbinary(二進(jìn)制)code,whichisusedinalmosteverymoderncomputer,fromiPhonestoChina'sownTihane-2supercomputer.TofigureoutwhatLiebnizlearnedintheI-Ching,weneedtounderstandsomethingthatmostofushavetakenforgranted.WhenwelistentoanMP3,lookatadigitalphotoorwatchthelatestTVdrama,weareexperiencingadigitalrepresentationofreality.Thatrepresentationisbasicallyjustastringofbinarysignalsthatarecommonlyknownas1sand0s.WhatLiebniz'sgainedfromthebookwasthateventhemostcomplexrealitycouldberepresentedinthebinaryformas1sand0s.InthephilosophyoftheI-Ching,realityisnotentirelyreal.Itissomethingmorelikeadream.ThisdreamofrealityarisesfromthebinariesofYinandYang,astheyplayoutcountlesscombinations,practicallyeverythingintheuniverse.It'snotsurprisingthen,fromthel-Ching'sperspective,thatanythinginthedreamofrealitycanberepresentedinastringof1sand0s,processedbyacomputer.TheI-Chingwasfarmoreambitiousthanthecurrentpracticalapplicationsofbinarycode.ItisclaimedthattheI-Chingrepresentsnothinglessthanthebasicsituationofhumanlifeitself.Asasystemforpredictingthefuture,theI-Chingmightdisappoint,butasawayofquestioningyourownunconsciousmind,itcanberemarkablyuseful.TheI-Ching'steachingsalsocontainwarningsaboutourdigitalrevolution.Binarycode,poweredbymoderncomputers,hasanamazingcapacitytorepresentreality.However,theancientauthorsoftheI-Chingmighthaveunderstooditspotential-anditsdangers-evenbetterthanwenowdo.Sowhenscientificthinkersaskwhethercomputerscancreate"virtualrealities"or"artificialintelligence",theyaremissingthepoint.Ofcourse,wecancreateeverdeeperandmorecomplexlayersofthedreamofreality.Therealquestionis,canwewakeupfromthedreamwe'reinalready?〔1〕WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutbinarycodes?A.Theysharethesamesourcewiththedecimalsystem.

B.Theycanformnumerouscombinations.

C.TheyaredocumentedintheBookofChanges.

D.TheyarefirstdiscoveredbyFuXi.〔2〕Inparagraph3,theunderlinedpartreferstothefactthat______.A.mediaproductsaredigitallyrepresentedusing1sand0s.

B.TVdramasanddigitalphotosarenotworthseeing.

C.Realityismademorecomplexbybinarycodes.

D.Licbniz'smodelishardlyunderstandable.〔3〕Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Computers'abilitytorepresentrealityisquitelimited.

B.HumanlifeisnowingravedangeraccordingtotheI-Ching.

C.WehaveyettounderstandthecompleteteachingsoftheI-Ching.

D.TheI-Chingisperfectlyaccurateinpredictingthefuture.〔4〕Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A.TheAncientBookofWisdomattheHeartofEveryComputer

B.TheSupercomputerthatEmploysAncientChineseCulture

C.TheFatherofBinaryCode,GottfriedWilhelmLiebniz

D.TheOriginofEasternandWesternPhilosophy五、任務(wù)型閱讀7.Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.DiscoveringtheLostCitySixtymilessouth,inCusco,HiramBinghamgazedthoughtfullyattheoldIncanstonewall.HehadcometothisplaceinsearchofVilcapampa,thelostcityoftheInca.Butrightherewasthemostbeautifulstoneworkhehadeverseen-hugestonescutsoperfectlythatnotevenarazorbladecouldbeslippedbetweenthem.Itwasamystery.Hewalkedthroughthecobbledstreetsoftheoldcapital,Cusco.TheSpanishhadcometothiscity,conqueredtheInca,takentheirgold,andbuiltchurchesovertheirtemples.Suddenly,hestopped.BeforehimwasthefamousTempleoftheSun.Heplacedhishandsonthesun-warmedstonessobeautifullycarved,asiftheyhadgrowntogether.________WoulditholdgoldandrichesliketheSpanishhadfoundinCusco?Morethaneverhewasdeterminedtofindthatcity.ThenextdayBinghambeganhissearch.Hewouldlookforruins-thatmightbethekey.Heandhisparty,accompaniedbythemilitarymanSergeantCarrasco,leftfortheholyvalleyoftheUrubambaRiver.Theycametothesleepyoldvillageinthevalley,longagoanimportantcity."Arethereanyruinsnearby?"Binghamasked."DoyouknowofthelostcityofVilcapampa?"Nooneknewofit.Travelingnorth,theadventurerscameuponaremoteandwildcanyon.Inthedistanceweresnowcappedmountainsoverthreemileshigh.________Bingham'sdeterminationtofindthelostcitygrewwitheachturnoftheincreasinglywildpath.Farbelowinthevalley,Bingham'spartycampedonasandybeachalongsidethethunderingrapidsoftheUrubambaRiver.Dayshadgoneby.Nooneknewofanyruins.________Thistime,throughtheinterpreter,thefarmersaid,"Yes.ThereareverygoodruinsontopofthemountaincalledMachuPicchu."Thefarmerpointedstraightup."Canyoutakeusthere?"BinghamaskedA.Hiddeninthemountains,thelostcitywouldbebuiltofstoneslikethese.B.Whatcouldhebethinking!C.ButnowtheadventurersarousedthecuriosityofalocalfarmernamedArteaga.D.Howhadtheybuiltthem!E.CliffsrosethousandsoffeetabovetheroaringrapidsoftheUrubambaRiver.F.Suddenly,thecloudsdriftedawayandthereitwas.六、概要寫作8.Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Whateverhappenedtothefightofcarboncapture?Debateshavebeengoingonaroundthesubjectofcarboncapture.Scientists,especiallyengineersandgeologists,havestronglycriticizedgreengroupswhoclaimedthatcarboncaptureandstorage(CCS)schemesarecostlymistakes.Thescientistsinsistedthatsuchschemesarevitalweaponsinthebattleagainstglobalheating.Theyalsowanthatfailuretosetupwaystotrapandstorecarbonwouldmakeitimpossibletomeettheemissionstargetby2050."CCSisgoingtobetheonlyeffectivewayintheshorttermtopreventoursteelindustry,cementmanufactureandmanyotherprocessesfromcontinuingtopouremissionsintotheatmosphere,"saidProfessorStuartHaszeldine,ofEdinburghUniversity."Ifwearetohaveanyhopeofkeepingglobaltemperatureincreasesdownbelow2degreesCelsius,wedesperatelyneedtodevelopwaystocaptureandstorecarbondioxide."GreengroupsclaimedCCSwouldnotmake"ameaningfulcontributionto2050climatetargets".TheysayCCSwasnotareliablewaytodecarbonizetheenergysystemandthatCCShasa"historyofover-promisingandunder-delivering".Instead,theyurgedtheconstructionofmorerenewableenergyplantstobegivenpriority.Buttheclaimsweredismissedbyengineersandgeologists,"Theseclaimsarequiteunfair"saidMichaelStephenson,directorattheBritishGeologicalSurvey."Thetechnologybehindcarboncaptureandstorageisfullymature.Itoffersusagenuinesolutiontosomeoftheproblemswefaceintryingtodealwithglobalwarming."AgovernmentspokesmanfortheDepartmentofEnergyandClimateChangesaid,"Wearecommittedtomeetingourclimatechangetargetsinawaythatisaffordableandprovidessecureenergytofamiliesandbusinesses.WeareconsideringtherolethatCCScouldplayindecarbonizationoftheUK.Butwealsoneedtotakegovernmentspendingintoaccount.CCShadbettercomedownincost."七、漢譯英〔整句〕9.我們有必要確認(rèn)小區(qū)每個來訪者的身份?！瞡ecessary〕〔漢譯英〕10.學(xué)生們拿著鐵鍬和水桶，分工合作，完成了植樹任務(wù)?！瞙old〕〔漢譯英〕11.直播帶貨雖然很火，但其帶來的諸如偽劣產(chǎn)品和售后效勞等問題也不容小覷。〔Despite〕〔漢譯英〕12.這家飽經(jīng)風(fēng)霜的傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)將面臨何種命運(yùn)，是逐漸淡出人們視野，還是改頭換面、落土重來？〔fate〕〔漢譯英〕八、提綱類作文13.Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.在成長過程中，人們常會被貼上各種標(biāo)簽，如“乖巧聽話〞〔obedient〕、“有個性〞〔cool〕、“書呆子〞〔anerd/geek〕、“00后〞〔post-millennials〕等。校報特辟專欄對此進(jìn)行討論，請以李華為名投稿，內(nèi)容需包括：1〕描述自己或他人曾經(jīng)被貼過的標(biāo)簽；2〕你對“貼標(biāo)簽〞〔labelling〕的看法。

答案解析局部一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文1.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了演員并不像看起來那么的容易，包括幾個成為演員的必備條件，和演員的必備技能。

【點評】考查查語法填空，此題考點涉及代詞，狀語從句，非謂語動詞，介詞，情態(tài)動詞，定語從句以及主語從句等多個知識點的考查，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的根底上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。二、選用適當(dāng)?shù)脝卧~或短語補(bǔ)全句子2.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，對段落分隔符的歷史開展和功能進(jìn)行了介紹。

【點評】考查選詞填空，考查詞匯在篇章中的運(yùn)用能力，答題時首先要跳過空格通讀文章掌握其大意，然后細(xì)讀文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考慮句型、語法、搭配、語境等因素。最后通讀一遍檢查驗證。三、完形填空3.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，講述了一些企業(yè)通過成心降低產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量壽命等方法，來提高公司的盈利，同時一些消費(fèi)者也開始進(jìn)行回?fù)簟?/p>

【點評】考查完形填空，此題考點涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語等多個知識點的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的根底上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。四、閱讀選擇4.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了Robert給政府提出關(guān)于騎行者需要駕照并第三方保險的問題，以及作者希望政府給他的回信?！军c評】此題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，這份文件規(guī)定了格拉斯哥博物館的陳列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！军c評】此題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了二進(jìn)制源于中國哲學(xué)經(jīng)典?易經(jīng)?且在計算機(jī)的產(chǎn)生和開展中有重大意義?！军c評】此題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜想，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的根底上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。五、任務(wù)型閱讀7.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了HiramBingham探尋失落的印加城市的故事，記敘了一路上的所見所聞所感。

【點評】考查任務(wù)型閱讀，本文是一篇故事類閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的根底上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。六、概要寫作8.【解析】【分析】此題是一篇概要寫作。寫作步驟：

1〕細(xì)讀原文。首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨。介紹了圍繞碳捕捉和儲存技術(shù)〔CCS〕存在的爭議。科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，CCS方案對于抗擊全球變暖和實現(xiàn)排放目標(biāo)是必要的。綠色組織聲稱CCS還沒有到達(dá)預(yù)期的效果，并提倡使用可再生能源?？茖W(xué)家們對此提出批評，因為他們認(rèn)為CCS技術(shù)已經(jīng)成熟。政府希望CCS能更廉價。

2〕弄清結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納段意。概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某一局部的概要，或者就某些問題寫出要點。

3〕列出原文要點。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此根底上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的局部。

4〕在寫作時要特別注意下面幾點：

〔1〕概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。

〔2〕安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容，用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。

〔3〕注意要點之間的銜接，要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語貫穿全文，切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每兩句之間都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，以免顯得生硬。

〔4〕不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語表達(dá)，至少對原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會更好。

〔5〕計算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。

【點評】本書面表達(dá)要點齊全，上下文連貫，使用一定數(shù)量的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，讓句子更加生動飽滿，同時運(yùn)用了許多高級詞匯和固定短語，提高文章的檔次，表達(dá)了對英語的熟練的駕馭能力。例如：Therearedebatesaroundcarboncaptureandstorage(CCS)schemes.運(yùn)用了therebe句式；ScientistsbelieveCCSplansarenecessaryinfightingglobalwarmingandmeetingtheemissionstarget.運(yùn)用了賓語從句；However,greengroupsclaimCCShasnotachieveddesiredeffectsandadvocatedrenewableenergy,whichscientistscriticizedbecausetheythinkCCStechnologyismature.運(yùn)用了非限制性定語從句，原因狀語從句，賓語從句。七、漢譯英〔整句〕9.【解析】【分析】根據(jù)英文提示可知，表示“某人有必要做某事〞應(yīng)用itisnecessaryforsbtodosth，it做形式主語，動詞不定式做真正主語。表示“確認(rèn)〞可用動詞confirm或check，表示“身份〞應(yīng)用名詞identity，表示“來訪者〞應(yīng)用名詞visitor，表示“去某地的訪客〞應(yīng)用tospl修飾，表示“小區(qū)〞應(yīng)用名詞neighbourhood/residence/housingestate。再結(jié)合其它句意，故答案為Itisnecessaryforustoconfirm/checktheidentityofeveryvisitortothe