膜制造與分離(組件)

membranes當(dāng)前第1頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)膜過(guò)程的驅(qū)動(dòng)力壓力驅(qū)動(dòng)RO,NF，UF,MF其它過(guò)程-滲析（濃度差）電滲析（電位差）當(dāng)前第2頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)membrane進(jìn)料透過(guò)濃縮壓力驅(qū)動(dòng)的膜過(guò)濾膜

MF

UF

NF

RO孔尺寸減小泵壓力增加當(dāng)前第3頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室膜制備實(shí)例高分子材料

(PAN,PES,CA,PVDF).鑄膜液制備：聚合物+有機(jī)溶劑(NMP,DMF,acetone等易與水互溶).添加其它助劑(pore-formersornon-solvents).凝固浴（主要用水和其它聚合物不良溶劑構(gòu)成，通過(guò)相分離產(chǎn)生‘thepores’和‘themembranebody’)當(dāng)前第4頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)必需品PES聚合物NMP溶劑水玻璃片刮膜器

NMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚當(dāng)前第5頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)PolySulfon(PS)PSinNMPsolution當(dāng)前第6頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Cleaningglassplatesimportantglassplates當(dāng)前第7頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)FillingtheknifewithPSsolutionMembraneknife(0,2mm)當(dāng)前第8頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Creatingamembranefilm當(dāng)前第9頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Putslowlyinthewaterfor….Moveverygentlytoleft當(dāng)前第10頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)MembraneisfloatingaftercoagulationAftercoagulation當(dāng)前第11頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)TakeofamembraneOutofthewater當(dāng)前第12頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Thephotooftheproducedmembrane當(dāng)前第13頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Makesheetsofitinamodule當(dāng)前第14頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Makeamoduleofit當(dāng)前第15頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Morethanonemembrane當(dāng)前第16頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)SubmergeinaMBRtank當(dāng)前第17頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)當(dāng)前第18頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)膜結(jié)構(gòu)PorousvsNonPorousHydrophilicvsHydrophobicPolymericvsInorganicHydrophilic親水

Hydrophobic疏水當(dāng)前第19頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Porous…………NonPorous

Symmetric……AsymmetricDense(Nonporous)PorousSymmetricPorousasymmetricRO,NFUF,MFMFSkinSupport當(dāng)前第20頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)PorousSymmetricMembranesNucleporeMembrane核徑跡成孔CelluloseMembrane當(dāng)前第21頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Symmetricmembrane當(dāng)前第22頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)AsymmetricMembranesDenseLayerPoroussupportFiberSupport當(dāng)前第23頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Poresize當(dāng)前第24頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Ceramicmembranepictures(CEM)當(dāng)前第25頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Membranestructurestructure:symmetricasymmetric

shapes:flatsheettubular:tube (d>3mm)capillary (0.5<d<3.0mm)hollowfibre (d<0.5mm)當(dāng)前第26頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)ModuleshapesFlatSheetSpiralWoundTubularHollowFiberContainedvsSubmerged當(dāng)前第27頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Flatsheetmodule當(dāng)前第28頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)PlateandFrameModuleUFPolyacrylonitrile(PAN)Polyvinylidenefluoride(PVF)Polysulfone(PS)SulfonatedPolysulfone(SPS)當(dāng)前第29頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Tubularandcapillarymembranes

當(dāng)前第30頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Tubularmembrane當(dāng)前第31頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Tubularmembranes(contained)當(dāng)前第32頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)HollowFiber(capillar)OutsideInVSInsideOutFromCatalogofToray當(dāng)前第33頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Capillary8inchmodule當(dāng)前第34頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Monolith(demo)InorganicMembranes-CeramicMF,UFRecentlyNF-Porousglass-Zirconium當(dāng)前第35頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)CeramictubesFlatsheets當(dāng)前第36頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)當(dāng)前第37頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Spiral-WoundRO/NFModuleFlowINSpacerMembranePermeateConcentrate當(dāng)前第38頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)當(dāng)前第39頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Youcanmakeyourownspiralwoundmoduletoday!!!TwoA4papersCottonsheetA4(ifavailable)ShearstocutGlueforpaperPlastictubewithaslid(prefabricated)當(dāng)前第40頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)ReverseOsmose-installation當(dāng)前第41頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)+/-variousconfigurations當(dāng)前第42頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Dead－endandCross－flowOperationmodes當(dāng)前第43頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Membranefiltrationdead-endMembraneWastewaterPermeatefeed當(dāng)前第44頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)MembranefiltrationcrossflowWastewaterPermeateconcentratefeedmembraneAirinjection當(dāng)前第45頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Dead-endFiltrationtimeYieldCakeThickness當(dāng)前第46頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Cross-flowfiltrationtimeCakeThicknessYield當(dāng)前第47頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Semidead-endfiltration當(dāng)前第48頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Cross-flowfiltrationAdvantages:turbulentflowcontinuousconcentratedischargecontrolofcake-layerbuild-upDisadvantages:morecomplexprocesslayouthigh(er)energyconsumptionhigh(er)investmentcost當(dāng)前第49頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Cascadesinglepasssystem當(dāng)前第50頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Two-stagerecirculationsystem當(dāng)前第51頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)FoulingofmembranesFoulingReversiblefoulingIrreversiblefoulingBiofoulingPoreblockingScalingfoul

a.1.骯臟的,污濁的;2.惡臭的;(食物)腐敗的;3.邪惡的,可惡的;4.下流的,惡語(yǔ)咒罵的;5.(天氣等)惡劣的;(風(fēng))逆的;6.(比賽中)犯規(guī)的;7.(水管等)堵塞的;8.(繩索等)被纏住的ad.1.違反規(guī)則地;不正當(dāng)?shù)豱.1.(比賽中)犯規(guī)[C][(+against/on)]vt.1.弄臟;污染;玷污;2.使堵塞;3.纏住;4.碰撞vi.1.腐敗,腐爛;2.(管道等)堵塞[(+up)];3.(比賽中)犯規(guī);4.(繩索等)纏結(jié)當(dāng)前第52頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)ResistanceModelI=ER1+R2+R3ER1R2R3IRmRcRgRpJvJv=DPm(Rc+Rg+Rp

+Rm)SeparationofresistancefactorstoCake,Gel,Plugging,Membrane.當(dāng)前第53頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)RejectionbyUF/MFmembranesGlobularProteinLinearpolymerSolutePepsinCytochromeCPolydextranMW(kDa)3513100Rejection(%)90700PoroussupportSelectivemembraneskinGlobularproteinLinearmacromolecule當(dāng)前第54頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)CakelayerformationMembraneParticleColloid/proteinCake/foulinglayerFlowdirectionDrivingforce?p當(dāng)前第55頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)FoulinginMF/UFDecreaseinfluxdueto:Pore-plugging,adsorptionandcake-layerformationNoconcentrationpolarizationofsalts

noscalingIngeneralconcentratedfeedsolutionscontaininglargeparticles(size10nm–25μm).

Thisresultsinlowback-diffusionrates,fastcakelayerbuild-upandporeblocking

lowproduct-fluxes(1/10oftheCWF)Complexcakelayerstructure當(dāng)前第56頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)FoulinginNF/ROFoulingbehaviordiffersfromUF/MFdueto:Lowerfluxesandpresenceofsmallermoleculeshigherback-diffusionandingeneralnothickcakelayerformationChargedmembranesurfaces(ingeneralnegative)adsorptionofcolloidsandbiologicalmatterScaling(CaSO4,CaCO3)當(dāng)前第57頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Foulingreduction/cleaningMembranepropertiesandmoduledesignOptimumprocessconditions(lowTMP)Cleaningregimehydrauliccleaning(backwash,forwardflushandairflush?)chemicalcleaningrelaxationPre-treatmentofthefeed

(flocculation/coagulation,pH

adjustment)當(dāng)前第58頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Backwash(=Backflush)SuspensionMembranePermeateFiltration

modeBackflushing

modeto

drainFluxTimewith

backflushingwithout0negative

flow當(dāng)前第59頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)SuspensionMembranePermeateFiltration

modeBackflushing

modeto

drainFluxTimewith

backflushingwithout0negative

flowBackwash(=Backflush)當(dāng)前第60頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)ForwardFlushproduction forwardflush當(dāng)前第61頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)BackFlushproduction forwardflush& backflushpermeate當(dāng)前第62頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)AirFlushAirFlush?bubbleflowslugflowannularflow當(dāng)前第63頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)ForwardFlushwithairflushproduction forwardflushwith airflush&backflush當(dāng)前第64頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Membranefiltrationsemidead-endMembraneWastewaterPermeatefeed當(dāng)前第65頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Dead-endproduction-run,start

buildingupfoulinglayerpermeatepermeatepermeatepermeatefeedMembranemodule當(dāng)前第66頁(yè)\共有72頁(yè)\編于星期四\10點(diǎn)Dead-endatendofproductionrunBuildingupfoulinglayerProductionofpermeatedecreas