2021-2022年山西省呂梁市大學英語6級大學英語六級知識點匯總（含答案）

2021-2022年山西省呂梁市大學英語6級大學英語六級知識點匯總（含答案）學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Theprovidersofweb-maillikeGoogle,MicrosoftandYahoo!,havereapedhugeprofitsbyplacingadvertisements.

2.SuggestionsforImprovingReadingSpeed

ImprovementofReadingRate

Itissafetosaythatalmostanyonecandoublehisorherspeedofreadingwhilemaintainingequalorevenbettercomprehension.Inotherwords,youcanimprovethespeedwithwhichyougetwhatyouwantfromyourreading.

Theaveragecollegestudentreadsbetween250and350wordsperminuteonfictionandnon-technicalmaterials.A"good"readingspeedisaround500to700wordsperminute,butsomepeoplecanread1,000wordsperminuteormoreonthesematerials.

Whatmakesthedifference?Therearethreemainfactorsinvolvedinimprovingreadingspeed:(1)thedesiretoimprove,(2)thewillingnesstotrynewtechniquesand(3)themotivationtopractice.

Learningtoreadrapidlyandwellpresupposesthatyouhavethenecessaryvocabularyandcomprehensionskills.Whenyouhaveadvancedonthereadingcomprehensionmaterialstoalevelatwhichyoucanunderstandcollege-levelmaterials,youwillbereadytopracticespeedreadinginearnest.

TheRoleofSpeedintheReadingProcess

Understandingtheroleofspeedinthereadingprocessisessential.Researchshowsacloserelationbetweenspeedandunderstanding--althoughitistheoppositeofwhatyoumightexpect!Amongthousandsofindividualstakingreadingtraining,inmostcasesanincreaseinratewasaccompaniedbyanincreaseincomprehensionandadecreaseinratebroughtdecreasedcomprehensionwithit.Itappearsthatploddingorword-by-wordanalysisinhibitsratherthanincreasesunderstanding.

Mostadultsareabletoincreasetheirreadingrateconsiderablyandratherquicklywithoutloweringtheircomprehension.Thesesameindividualsusuallyshowadecreaseincomprehensionwhentheyreducetheirrate.Suchresults,ofcourseareheavilydependentuponthemethodusedtogaintheincreasedrate.Simplyreadingmorerapidlywithoutactualimprovementinbasicreadinghabitsusuallyresultsinloweredcomprehension.

FactorsthatReduceReadingRate

Someofthefactorswhichreducereadingrate:

1.Limitedperceptualspan(word-by-wordreading);

2.Slowperceptualreactiontime(slowrecognitionandresponsetothematerial)

3.Vocalization(readingaloud)

4.Faultyeyemovements(includinginaccuracyinplacementofthepage,inreturnsweep,inrhythmandregularityofmovement,etc.);

5.Regression(needlessorunconsciousre-reading)

6.Faultyhabitsofattentionandconcentration(includingsimpleinattentionduringthereadingactandfaultyprocessesofretention)

7.Lackofpracticeinreading--useitorloseit!

8.Fearoflosingcomprehension,causingthepersontodeliberatelyreadmoreslowly;

9.Habitualslowreading,inwhichthepersoncannotreadfasterbecauseheorshehasalwaysreadslowly;

10.Poorevaluationofwhichaspectsareimportantandwhichareunimportant;

11.Theefforttoremembereverythingratherthantorememberselectively.

Sincetheseconditionsalsotendtoreducecomprehension,increasingthereadingratebyeliminatingthemislikelytoproduceincreasedcomprehension,too.Thisisentirelydifferentfromsimplyspeedinguptherateofreading--whichmayactuallymaketherealreadingproblemmoresevere.Inaddition,forcedaccelerationmaydestroyconfidenceinone'sabilitytoread.Theobvioussolution,then,istoincreaserateasapartofatotalimprovementofthewholereadingprocess,asspecialtrainingprogramsinreadingdo.

BasicConditionsforIncreasingReadingRate

Awell-plannedprogrampreparesformaximumincreaseinratebyestablishingthe

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3.

RobertSubbaramanrecentlypublishedaninclusivereportregardingChina'seconomy,polities,societyandforeignpolicybyhimself.

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4.

Theriskmanagersshouldbeauthorizedtomakethefinaldecisionwhentheydisagreewithbusinessmanagerson______.

5.

MarkTwainearnedalargesumofmoneybycollectingandsellingcocoa.

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6.FactsaboutDepression

Inanygivenone-yearperiod,9.5%ofthepopulation,orabout18.8millionAmericanadults,sufferfromadepressiveillness.Theeconomiccostforthisdisorderishigh,butthecostinhumansufferingcannotbeestimated.Depressiveillnessesofteninterferewithnormalfunctioningandcausepainandsufferingnotonlytothosewhohaveadisorder,butalsotothosewhocareaboutthem.Seriousdepressioncandestroyfamilylifeaswellasthelifeoftheillperson.Butmuchofthissufferingisunnecessary.

Mostwithadepressiveillnessdonotseektreatment,althoughthegreatmajority—eventhosewhosedepressionisextremelysevere—canbehelped.Thankstoyearsoffruitfulresearch,therearenowmedicationsandpsychosocialtherapiessuchascognitive/behavioral"talk"orinterpersonalthateasethepainofdepression.

What'sDepressiveDisorder?

Adepressivedisorderisanillnessthatinvolvesthebody,mood,andthoughts,ftaffectsthewayapersoneatsandsleeps,thewayonefeelsaboutoneself,andthewayonethinksaboutthings.Adepressivedisorderisnotthesameasapassingbluemood.Itisnotasignofpersonalweaknessoraconditionthatcanbewilledorwishedaway.Propelwithadepressiveillnesscannotmerely"pullthemselvestogether"andgetbetter.Withouttreatment,symptomscanlastforweeks,months,oryears.Appropriatetreatment,however,canhelpmostpeoplewhosufferfromdepression

TypesofDepression

Depressivedisorderscomeindifferentforms,justasisthecasewithotherillnessessuchasheartdisease.Briefdescriptionsofthemostcommontypesofdepressivedisordersaregivenbelow.However,withinthesetypestherearevariationsinthenumberofsymptoms,theirseverity,andpersistence.

Majordepressionismanifestedbyacombinationofsymptoms(seesymptomlist)thatinterferewiththeabilitytowork,study,sleep,eat,andenjoyoncepleasurableactivities.Suchadisablingepisodeofdepressionmayoccuronlyoncebutmorecommonlyoccursseveraltimesinalifetime.

Alessseveretypedepression,dysthymia,involveslong-term,chronic(慢性的)symptomsthatdonotdisable,butkeeponefromfunctioningwellorfromfeelinggood.Manypeoplewithdysthymiaalsoexperiencemajordepressiveepisodesatsometimeintheirlives.

Anothertypeofdepressionisbipolardisorder.Notnearlyasprevalentasotherformsofdepressivedisorders,bipolardisorderischaracterizedbycyclingmoodchanges:severehighs(mania)andlows(depression).Sometimesthemoodswitchesaredramaticandrapid,butmostoftentheyaregradual.

Wheninthedepressedcycle,anindividualcanhaveanyorallofthesymptomsofadepressivedisorder.Wheninthemaniccycle,theindividualmaybeoveractive,over-talkative,andhaveagreatdealofenergy.Maniaoftenaffectsthinking,judgment,andsocialbehavior.inwaysthatcauseseriousproblemsandembarrassment.Forexample,theindividualinamanicphase(狀態(tài))mayfeelelated,fulltograndschemesthatmightrangefromunwisebusinessdecisionstoromanticsprees(放縱).Mania,leftuntreated,mayworsentoapsychoticstate.

SymptomsofDepressionandMania

Noteveryonewhoisdepressedormanicexperienceseverysymptom.Somepeopleexperienceafewsymptoms,somemany.Severityofsymptomsvarieswithindividualsandalsovariesovertime.

Depression

?Feelingsofhopelessness,pessimism

?Feelingsofguilt,worthlessness,helplessness

?Lossofinterestorpleasureinhobbiesandactivitiesthatwereonceenjoyed,includingsex

?Decreasedenergy,fatigue,being"sloweddown"

?Difficultyconcentrating,remembering,makingdecisions

&n

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7.

Laughterisakindofsemiverbalized,socialexpressionofpleasure,developingearlierthanspeech.

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8.

Hedonicadaptationmeanspeoplealwaysreturntotheirusuallevelofhappinessafterthetemporarysatisfaction.

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9.

Ifyoubuyanewhybrid,youcan______fromthefederalgovernment.

10.OneoftheeducationalactivitiesinEastHarlemHealthyHeartProgramis______.

11.

ThebrainshrinkagecausedbyAlzheimercannowbemeasuredwith______.

A.thehippocampus

B.brainscans

C.mathematicalmodelstoanalyzetheresults

D.volumetricmagneticresonanceimaging

12.

Alargepercentageofseveredepressioncanherelievedortreatedbutinreality,mostofthemarenotseriouslytaken.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Inordertofillyourmindwithenjoyablemoments,youjustneedbringyourmindbackwhen______.

14.

Everyyear,adomeownermayspend30%lessinenergyexpenditurethananormalrectilinearhomeone.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Youneedtounplugtheelectricblanketbeforeyougotobed,becauseeventhoughthereisno______whentheyareturnedoff,theremaystillbeahighelectricfield.

16.

Whatisthemaindifficultyinmakingfriendsacrosscountries?

A.Differencesinexpectationstofriendship.

B.Alackofappreciationoffriendship.

C.Differencesinlanguage.

D.Differencesinlivingstyles.

17.

Thereasonwhytheanalyticalandexplanatoryvalueofthetermglobalizationwaslargelyemptiedisthat______.

18.ThegeneralviewofEuropeislikelytochangefromcultivatedfarm-landtogrowingshrubsandforestswithspecies-poorwildlifesuchaswildcats,bears,deerandwolves.

19.Theblack/whitetrickcanprovidepeoplewithmorethantwochoicesfortheirargument.

20.Withinternetseeninalmosteverycorneroftheworld,today'sworldissaidtohavebecome______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(16)

A.Thesolarsystemisabitsmallerthanthegreatbear.

B.Thesolarsystemisbiggerthanthegreatbear.

C.Thesolarsystemismuchsmallerthanthegreatbear.

D.Thesolarsystemisasbigasthegreatbear.

22.(22)

A.Becauseeveryspeciesbecomesextinct.

B.Becausehumansbeingsarepowerfulenoughtokillotherspecies.

C.Becauseofover-population.

D.Becausehumanbeingisstillayoungspeciesthoughitisexptoitingtheenvironment.

23.聽力原文：W:Hi,Sam,IhatetobotheryoubutIwonderifIcouldhaveawordwithyou?

M:Soundssoserious.What'sup?

W:Well,thelandlordjustinformedmethathe'sgoingtoincreaseourrentbytwohundred.I'mwonderinghowyoufeelaboutit.

M:HowdoIfeelaboutit?Noway!Intherentalagreement,itsayshewillhavetogiveusanoticethreemonthsinadvanceifhewantstoincreasetherent.

W:Yeah,that'sright!It'sgottabethreemonthslater.Well,Ithinkherealizeshisrentalfeeisbelowthemarketrateandhemustbefeelingabitrippedoffwhenhecouldbechargingacouplehundredextra.Whatdoyouthink,Sam?Shouldweagreetotheraiseorfindsomewhereelse?

M:Goodquestion.I'mnotsureeither.Thelocationwe'reatnowisquiteconvenient,closetothegroceryandnearthesubway.It'llbehardtofindanotherlocationlikethisone.

W:Iwonderwhetherhe'llallowroomfornegotiation,perhapsahundreddollarsinsteadoftwo.Maybehemightbemorewillingtogiveabitifwespeaktohimrightaway.

M:Well,heseemstobeaniceguytotalkto.Butwhatifherefuses?Wouldyougofortwothen?

W:Well,IguessIwould,sinceit'llbehardtofindsuchaconvenientlocation.Besides,it'sclosetomyschoolandIcansleepalittlelaterinthemornings.

M:Ha!Ifiguredthat'swhatyou'dbeconcernedabout.Well,Ihavetogiveitsomeseriousthought.I'mnotsureIcanaffordtocoughupanextrahundredamonthjusttomakesureIcansleepinanextra15minutes.

W:Didn'tyougetyourloanrecently?That'llcoverwhatyouneed.Besides,ifyoucouldjuststopspendingsomuchoncafeteriasnacksyou'dhavelotsofmoneytospare.

M:Yeah,butI'mthinkingofgettinganewlaptop.

W:Well,Itellyou,therearen'talotofapartmentsthatarecheaper,evenwiththisnewincrease.

M:Iknow,sowhendoeshewantustocomebackonthis?

W:Hetoldmetolethimknowthisweekend.

M:Sure,bythenIshouldbeabletomakeupmymind.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.Whatisthemainproblemthatthespeakershave?

24.Whatarethetwochoicesthattheyface?

25.Whatistheadvantageofstayingintheapartmentaccordingtothewoman?

(20)

A.Wheretheyshouldmove.

B.Howtonegotiatewiththelandlord.

C.Howtofighttheincrease.

D.Whethertoacceptanincreaseinrentormove.

24.

【B11】

25.聽力原文：W:Inthesummer,Andrewplaystennisorthegolfalmosteverydayandinthewinterhegoesskiingeverychancehegets.

M:He'salwaysbeenveryenthusiasticaboutsports.

Q:WhatcanbeconcludedaboutAndrew?

(13)

A.Winterishisfavoritetimeforsports.

B.Sportsarequiteimportanttohim.

C.Heshouldbemoreenthusiastic.

D.Heplaysbetterthanheusedto.

26.(21)

A.About64%.B.About51%.C.About49%.D.About32%.

27.聽力原文：M:Hi,Nancy.CouldIborrowsomemoneyuntilpayday?

W:Uh,yeah,Iguess.Howarethingsgoinganyway?

M:Well,notverywell.I'veusedmycreditcardstopayoffalotofthingsrecently,butnow,Ican'tseemtopaythemoneyoff.

W:Uh,doyouhaveabudget?Imean,howdoyoukeeptrackofyourincomeandexpenses?

M:No,butIguessIshouldhavesomefinancialplans.

W:Well,letmeseeifIcanhelpyou.Howmuchmoneydoyouspendonyourapartment?

M:Uh,Ipay$890onrentforthestudioapartmentdowntown,notincludingutilitiesandcableTV.Buttheplacehasanawesomeviewofthecity.

W:Uh,$890!Whyareyoupayingsomuchforsuchasmallplace,whenyoucouldfindacheaperonesomewhereoutsideofthedowntownarea?

M:Yeah,Iguess.

W:Howmuchmoneydoyouspendonentertainmentamonth?

M:Well,Ispendafewdollarshereandthereonbasketballandmovietickets,aconcertortwo,andballroomdancelessons.

W:Uh,exactlyhowmuchdoyouspendonallofthese?

M:Well,oh...about$400.

W:Nowonderyou'rehavingmoneyproblems.Youcan'tjustblowyourmoneyonthingslikethat!Andwhatabouttransportation?

M:Oh,Icommutetoworkeverydayinmynewsportscar,butIgotagreatdeal,andmymonthlypaymentsareonly$450.

W:Well,Ithinkyou'vegottoreduceyourspending,oryou'llendupbroke.Isuggestyougetridofyourcreditcards,cutdownonyourentertainmentexpenses,andsellyourcar.Takepublictransportationfromnowon.

(20)

A.Howtoborrowmoneyfromfriends.

B.Howtoreduceexpensesontransportation.

C.Howtoworkoutafinancialplan.

D.Howtorentacheapapartment.

28.【B7】

29.

【B3】

30.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Husbandandwife.

B.Doctorandnurse.

C.Salesclerkandcustomer.

D.Airlineagentandcustomer.

31.

【B9】

32.(28)

A.Theylivedaluxuriouslifeandtheirdietwasverydelicate.

B.Theylivedahighlycivilizedcourtlife.

C.Theylivedaprimitivelifeandtheirtablemannerswereoftenrude.

D.Theylivedacomparativelyluxuriousbutnot-so-civilizedlife.

33.(18)

A.Theirparentscutbacktheloantothem.

B.Thewomandoesn'twanttotakeanotherEnglishcourse.

C.Theycan'taffordtherentofthismonth.

D.Thewoman'sbossrefusedtogiveheraraise.

34.(15)

A.Itsresultswerejustasexpected.

B.Itwasn'tverywelldesigned.

C.Itfullyreflectedthestudents'ability.

D.Itsresultsfellshortofherexpectations.

35.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：BuildingteamspiritisalwaysthefocalpointofwhatItrytodoasamanager.Theteamspirit'sveryimportant,butIdon'tbelieveintryingtomotivatetheteamasateam.Itrytomotivatethemasindividuals.SoIdon'tgivethemtalks.Ispeaktotheplayersindividually.AndItrynottoputtoomuchpressureonthem.Ibelieveplayersperform.bestwhentheyarerelaxed.Ifthey'retootense,Icanguaranteetheywon'tplaywell.

Ialsobelieveingivingpeopleautonomy.Ilikeallthepeoplewhoworkformetobeautonomous.Iveryrarelyinterfere.Ifeelpeopleshouldbejudgedontheirresults.Iftheyproveincompetent,thenI'mincompetentifIkeeponemployingthem.

It'slikethatwiththeteam.Igetcriticizedfornotinterferingduringagameandmakingmoresubstitutions.ButIfeelifI'vechosenthoseelevenplayerstogetaresult,thenIshouldleavethemalonetogetonwithit.

IfI'mdroppingaplayerfromtheteam,Idon'tfeelIhavetoexplainittothem.Iftheywanttodiscussit,I'llsay"Comebackandtalkaboutitinacoupleofdays'time".ButIdon'ttrytore-motivatethem.It'suptothemtohavethecharactertofightback.I'magreatbelieverthatalmosteverythingyouachieveinlifeisdowntoyourattitude.IfIhaveaplayerwhoismagnificentlygiftedbuthasastinkingattitude,Iwon'twastemytimeonhim.

(27)

A.Becausehebelievesinmotivatinghisteamasindividuals.

B.Becausehewantstokeephisteamunderpressure.

C.Becausehefeelsitawkwardtogivethemtalks.

D.Becausehethinkshisteamshouldhavethecharactertofightback.

36.(19)

A.$2.75.B.$1.25.C.$1.50.D.$3.9.

37.聽力原文：M:Wheredidyougetthatrarebook?Ihaven’tseenyoureaditbefore.

W:Itwaspackedawayuntillastweek.It’safamilyheirloom.

Q:Whatdowelearnabouttherarebook?

(18)

A.Ithasbeeninherfamilyalongtime.

B.Herboyfriendgaveittoher.

C.Thefamilydoesn'tlikeit.

D.Itisafamilydisgrace.

38.(14)

A.He'squitthebandforacademicreasons.

B.Hedidn'tenjoybeingamemberoftheband.

C.He'sgettingacademiccreditforbeingintheband.

D.He'stakingtimeofffromhisstudiestojointheband.

39.

【B2】

40.聽力原文：M:It'sverykindofyoutoinviteustotakepartintheopeningceremonyoftheautomobilecompany.ButI'mafraidwewouldn'tbeabletomakeit.

W:That'sOK.Thankyouforinformingusinadvance.

Q:Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheman?

(19)

A.Theywon'tbeabletosetupanautomobilecompany.

B.Theywon'tbeabletocometotheopeningceremony.

C.Theyshouldn'thaveacceptedtheinvitation.

D.Theyshouldn'tinform.theminadvance.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Theauthorusestheexpression"thosebabies"(Line4,Para.2)torefertohighheelsto______.

A.showtheirfragilecharacteristics

B.indicatetheirfemininefeatures

C.showwomen'saffectionforthem

D.emphasizetheirsmallsize

42.

FromHellman'sremark,whatistheopinionaboutthewisdomofolderpeopleinAmericansociety?

43.

Accordingtothelastparagraph,itisvitaltoanalyzeandstudy______.

A.changesinorganiclife

B.thewaysinwhichcellsareformed

C.processesonwhichorganiclifedepends

D.themainwaysinwhichorganismsdevelop

44.

【C10】

45.

Theauthor'sattitudetowardstheprivatizationproposalis______.

A.impartialB.suspiciousC.neutralD.approval

46.

TheNationalAcademyofSciencesholdsthestancethat______.

A.DNAtestingshouldbesystematized

B.onlyauthorizedlaboratoriescanconductDNAtesting

C.theacademyonlyisauthorizedtoworkoutstandardsfortesting

D.theacademyhastherighttoaccreditlaboratoriesforDNAtesting

47.WhatdoweknowaboutextracurricularactivitiesinAmericanhighschools?

A.Studentsareunitedandworktoreachthesamegoal.

B.Therestillexistsprejudiceandracediscrimination.

C.Studentsfromdifferentraceshaveequalaccess.

D.TheyareorganizedaccordingtoAllport'sTheory.

48.Highdosesofantioxidantsupplementsareassumeddangeroustohumanbodybecausetheycan

A.damageDNApro-oxidantsandregularcells

B.oxidizecancercellsandtheharmfulDNA

C.fightagainstpathogensinhumanimmunesystem

D.stimulateharmfulreactionstohumanbodies

49.

Howmanypointswillastudentloseifhemisspellsawordonacomposition?

50.

WhatdoesWilliamDietzthinkofoverweight?

A.Overweightshouldbetreatedasapublichealthproblem.

B.Overweightshouldbeattributedtogluttonyandsloth.

C.Overweighthasmuchtodowithnutritionalproblems.

D.Overweighthasnothingtodowiththeoveruseofcars.

51.Theworldisundergoingtremendouschanges.Theriseofglobalization,botheconomicandculturaltrendthathassweptthroughouttheworld,hasforgednewgroundasweenterthe21stcentury.Butaretheeffectsofglobalizationalwayspositive?Somesayno.

MichaelTenet,headoftheInternationalInstituteforForeignRelationsinAtlanta,isworriedaboutcurrentresentmentthroughouttheworldtowardtheriseofglobalization."Eversincethe1980sandtheeconomicbreakdownoftheAsianTigersinthelate1990s,therehasbeenareevaluationoftheroleofglobalizationasaforceforgood,"hesaid."Incomeinmanycountrieshasdeclinedandthegapbetweenthemostrichandthemostpoorhasbeenworsened.Withoutfurtherinterferencebygovernments,wecouldseeatragedyexpressedinanincreasedlevelofpovertythroughouttheLatinAmericaandAsia."

YetGeorgeFrank,aninfluentialeconomistwhoworksonWallStreet,seesnosuchdanger."Economicliberalization,increasedtransparencyandmarket-basedreformshavepositiveeffectinthelongrun,evenifmarketmechanismscanproduceshorttermdestabilizationproblems,"hesaid."Whatismostimportantisthatbarrierstotradecontinuetofallsothatactivecompetitionforconsumergoodsreducespricesandinturnraisestheaveragelevelofincome."

Othersfeelthatglobalization'sculturalimpactmaybemoreimportantthanitseconomicimplications.JaniceYawee,anativeofAfrica,feelsstronglythatglobalizationisweakeningherlocalcultureandlanguage."Mostoftheworld'sdialectswillbecomeextinctunderglobalization.WearepavingtheworldwithMcDonald'sandEnglishslang.Ittearsmeupinside,"shesaid.

However,ignoringthepoliticaldimensionsofglobalizationshasalreadyhaditscost.NowherewasthismadedearerthanintheEastAsianeconomiccrisisofthelate1990's—particularlyinIndonesia.Inthewakeofthatcrisis,thePresidentSuhatro'sregimewasoverthrown,andtheentirecountryhasbeenthrownintoamess.TheIndonesianeconomyhascontractedalmost50percent,throwingtensofmillionsofpeoplebelowthepovertyline.

Governmentsofdifferentcountrieshavehadmixedresponsestothewaveofglobalization.TheUnitedStatesisgenerallyseenasanactiveproponentofgreaterfreetrade,anditcertainlyhasenormousculturalinfluencebyvirtueofitsnearmonopolyonworldwideentertainment.SothechallengefacedbythenewBushadministrationisnotthechallengeofthe1990's.Butothercountries,mostnotablyinEuropeanddevelopingnations,havesoughttoreducetheimpactthatglobalizationhasontheirdomesticaffairs.

ItcanbeinferredthatMichaelTenet'sattitudetowardglobalizationisprobably______.

A.stronglyopposed

B.cautiouslyagreed

C.somewhatanxious

D.absolutelysupportive

52.

Theauthorsaysthatprofessionallinguistsrecognizethat______.

A.thereisnohierarchyoflanguages

B.thehierarchyoflanguagesisdifficulttounderstand

C.alllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroans

D.WesternlanguagesaresuperiortoEasternlanguages

53.Hereamidthesteelandconcretecanyons,greengrassgrows.Ahawthorntree(山楂樹)standsinnewsoil,andfreshlydugplantsbendinthewind.

ButChicagoCityHallhereseemsanunlikelyspotforagardenofanyvariety-especially20,000squarefeetofgardens-onitsroof.

Asoneofahandfulofsimilarprojectsaroundthecountry,thegardenispartofa$1.5milliondemonstrationprojectedbythecitytoreduceits"urbanheatislands",saidWilliamAbolt,thecommissioneroftheDepartmentofEnvironment.

Heatislands-darksurfacesinthecity,likerooftops-soakupheat.Theretentioncanbakeabuilding,makingitstubborntocooling.

TheroofofCityHall,a90-year-oldgraystonelandmarkonLaSalleStreetintheheartofdowntown,hasbeenknowntoreachtemperaturesubstantiallyhotterthantheactualtemperatureonthestreetbelow.

Thegardenwillprovidegreeneryandshade."Andthat,"saidthecityofficials,"willsavethecitydollarsonthoseblisteringsummerdays."Theprojectsavingsfromcoolingisabout$4,000ayearonanewroofwhoselifespanisabout50percentlongerthanthatofatraditionalroof.

Thesprawlingopen-airrooftopgardenisbeingcarefully,builtonamulti-tieredbedofspecialsoil,polystyrene,egg-carton,shapedconesand"waterproofmembrane"malltokeeptherooffromleaking,orcavingunderthenormalcombinedweightofsoil,rainandplantlife.

Thedesigncallsforsoildepthsof4inchesto18inches.Whenthelastplantsandseedlingsareburiedandthelastbitofcompostislaid,thegardenwillhavecircularbrickstepping-stoneswindinguptohills.

"TheprimaryfocusofwhatwewanttodowastoestablishthislaboratoryonthetopofCityHalltogetpeopleinvolvedandunderstandingtheirimpactontheenvironmentandhowthelittlethingscanmakeanimpactonthequalityoflife",Mr.Aboltsaid,addingthattheplantsalsohelptocleartheair.

Rooftopgardens,inplaceswhereconcretejungleshaveerasedplantsandtrees,arenotnew,noteveninChicago.Armsofgreenerydanglingoverterracesorsproutingfromrooftops,commoninEurope,arebecomingmoresointheUnitedStatesaspeoplebecomeincreasinglyconsciousabouttheenvironment.

RichardM.Daley,whourgedtheenvironmentaldepartmenttolookintotheprojectafternoticingrooftopgardensinHamburg,Germanyafewyearsago,haspraisedthegardenasthefirstofitskindonapublicbuildinginthecountry.

Itwillholdthousandsofplantsinmorethan150species-wildonionandbutterflyweed,sky-blueasterandbuffalograss-toprovidedataonwhatspeciesadaptbest.Smallplantsrequiringshallowsoildepthswerechieflyselected.

Therooftopgardenproject______.

A.iscommonandpopularin