廣東省廣州市越秀區(qū)高二下學(xué)期期末統(tǒng)考英語(yǔ)試題解析版

廣東省廣州市越秀區(qū)2020-2021學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末統(tǒng)考英語(yǔ)試題一、閱讀選擇China’sfirstpanda-themedtouristtrain,knownasthe“Pandatrain”leftChengduRailwayStationinSichuan’sprovincialcapitalforZunyiinneighboringCuizhouprovinceonSundaynight.Thetrainisdecoratedwithgiantpandaimages,andattendantscarrypandatoysandpassengerscaneventrypanda-shapedfood.The“pandatrain”willstartoperationonMarch28.ItwillserveonfixedlinesandcustomizedlinestoconnecttouristattractionsinSichuanandneighboringprovinces.Inthefuture,thetrainwilloperateonanumberofraillineslinkingChengduandChongqing,ChongqingandGuiyang,ShanghaiandKunminginSichuan,GuzhouprovincesandChongqingmunicipality.Ticketoffer:Thethree-daytripcosts1,280yuan,includingfood,accommodationandentranceticketstoscenicspotsinGuizhou.Facilities:Thetrain,whichdoublesasamobilestar-ratedhotel,canaccommodate252passengers.Ithasadiningroom,bar,karaokeroom,dancehallandmahjongroom.The12carshaveindividualroomsfortwoorfourpassengers,andeachroomhasawashroomwithatoiletandshowerfacilities.ThemahjongroommightbethebiggestattractionforpassengersfromSichuan,whosepeopleareknownfortheirfondnessofthegame.There’sanoldjokethatanairplanepassengerboundforChengducansleepsoundly,onlytobewokenbytheclickingofmahjongtilesinthecitybeforelanding.Infact,Chengduisbetterknownforitsloveofmahjongthanitsotherattractions,suchasthegiantpanda,SichuanOperaandSichuancuisine,accordingtoanonlinesurveyconductedbytwodecadesago.Bookinginformation:TicketsareonlyavailableinadvancethroughChengduRailwayInternationalBusinessTravelGroupwebsiteduringthetrialruns.1．Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?A．Peoplewholikepandas. B．Peoplewhoenjoytravelling.C．Peopleinterestedindecoration. D．Peoplefondofplayingmahjong.2．WhatmakesthetrainattractiveforpassengersfromSichuan?A．Thedancehallfortravelers. B．Themahjongroomonthetrain.C．Thebeautifulgiantpandaimages. D．ThediningroomservingSichuancuisine.3．Howcanpeoplebuyticketsduringthetrialruns?A．Theycanbuyticketsinadvanceonline. B．Theycanbuyticketsattherailwaystation.C．Theycanbuyticketsinthestar-ratedhotel. D．TheycanbuyticketsfromBusinessTravelGroup.【答案】1．B2．B3．A【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)首列熊貓主題旅游列車(chē)“熊貓列車(chē)”的情況，如票價(jià)、設(shè)施和預(yù)訂信息等。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ItwillserveonfixedlinesandcustomizedlinestoconnecttouristattractionsinSichuanandneighboringprovinces.(它將服務(wù)于固定線路和定制線路，以連接四川及周邊省份的旅游景點(diǎn))”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了中國(guó)首列熊貓主題旅游列車(chē)“熊貓列車(chē)”的情況，如票價(jià)、設(shè)施和預(yù)訂信息等?？赏浦?，這篇文章的讀者是喜歡旅行的人。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“ThemahjongroommightbethebiggestattractionforpassengersfromSichuan,whosepeopleareknownfortheirfondnessofthegame.(麻將室可能是最吸引四川旅客的地方，四川人以喜愛(ài)麻將而聞名)”可知，火車(chē)上的麻將室吸引了來(lái)自四川的乘客。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“TicketsareonlyavailableinadvancethroughChengduRailwayInternationalBusinessTravelGroupwebsiteduringthetrialruns.(在試運(yùn)行期間，車(chē)票只在成都鐵國(guó)際商務(wù)旅行集團(tuán)網(wǎng)站預(yù)售)”可知，試運(yùn)行期間人們可以在網(wǎng)上提前買(mǎi)票。故選A。Ihadonlyreallyknownthelittlegirlforafewweeks,butIcarriedherwithmeeveryday.WemetintheChildren’sHospitalofColumbus.Iwas11,andIwasbornwithaholeinmyheart.Sowasthefive-year-oldgirlinthebedbesideme.Wewerebothrecoveringfromthesamesurgery.Beingolderandwiser,Ithoughtitwasmyjobtolookoutforher.“Doyouwanttohearastory?”Irecalledaskingheroneafternoon.“Great!”shesaid.Itwassoeasytomakeherhappy.Sheseemedalwaystobesmilingorlaughingorsingingsongs.Lifewasn’tfair.Shepassedaway.Myownrecoverywentwell.“You’rereallylucky,”anursetoldme.“Buthowcomemyoperationwassoeasyandherswasn’t?”Iasked.“Easy?”mydadsaid.“Mary,yoursurgerywasn’teasyatall.Wethoughtweweregoingtoloseyoubecauseoftheamountofinternalbleeding(內(nèi)出血).Youcan’trememberitbecauseyouwereinacoma(昏迷).”Dadsaid.“Fortwoweeksafteryouroperationmanythingscouldgowrong.”“I’mreallylucky.Iwasn’ttoooldtoneedsomeonetolookoutforme.”“Youwouldn’trememberthiseither.Whenyouwereinthecoma,sheusedtocomeovertoyourbedandsingtoyou.Shewaswatchingoveryou.”Mysurgeryscarswerehiddenundermyshirt.ButIknewtheywerethere,alongwiththememoryofthatlittlegirl,theonewho’dbeenatmysidelikeatinyangelwhenIdidn’tevenknowshewasthere.Iwasoldernowandhopefullysomewhatwiser.WiseenoughtoknowthatIhaveangelswatchingoverme,whenlifeisfairandwhenit’snot.4．Theauthorlookedafterthelittlegirlbecause___________.A．thegirlwasseriouslyillB．shethoughtitwasherdutyC．thegirlwantedtohearstoriesD．theywereinthesamehospital5．Whatdidtheauthorthinkofthegirl?A．Confident. B．Optimistic. C．Wise. D．Independent.6．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A．Thegirlcametotheauthor’sbedandwatchedoverher.B．Thegirddiedbecauseoftheamountofinternalbleeding.C．Theauthorhadapoormemoryandcouldn’trememberwhathappened.D．Theauthorthoughtheroperationwaseasybecauseshewasunconscious.7．Whatmostprobablymadethegirlintotheauthor’smemory?A．Thehelp-fromthegirl. B．Theunfairlifeofthegirl.C．Theconversationwithherdad. D．Theexperienceoftheoperation.【答案】4．B5．B6．D7．A【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。在醫(yī)院，作者和一個(gè)小女孩認(rèn)識(shí)只有幾個(gè)星期，但作者卻永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)忘記她。作者與小女孩是患難與共的病友，作者開(kāi)始是無(wú)私地幫助這個(gè)小女孩，后來(lái)作者昏迷時(shí)，小女孩來(lái)幫助他，作者永遠(yuǎn)記得這個(gè)小女孩。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Beingolderandwiser,Ithoughtitwasmyjobtolookoutforher.(我年紀(jì)大了，也更聰明了，我認(rèn)為照顧她是我的職責(zé))”可知，作者認(rèn)為照顧這個(gè)小女孩是他的職責(zé)。故選B。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“Itwassoeasytomakeherhappy.Sheseemedalwaystobesmilingorlaughingorsingingsongs.(讓她高興是那么容易。她似乎總是在微笑、大笑或唱歌)”可推知，這個(gè)小女孩是積極樂(lè)觀的。故選B。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中父親說(shuō)的話“Mary,yoursurgerywasn’teasyatall.Wethoughtweweregoingtoloseyoubecauseoftheamountofinternalbleeding(內(nèi)出血).Youcan’trememberitbecauseyouwereinacoma(昏迷)..(瑪麗，你的手術(shù)根本就不容易。我們以為會(huì)因?yàn)閮?nèi)出血失去你，你不記得了，因?yàn)槟闾幱诨杳誀顟B(tài))”可知，作者認(rèn)為她的手術(shù)很容易，因?yàn)樗龥](méi)有意識(shí)。故選D。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“alongwiththememoryofthatlittlegirl,theonewho’dbeenatmysidelikeatinyangelwhenIdidn’tevenknowshewasthere.(還有對(duì)那個(gè)小女孩的記憶，那個(gè)在我甚至不知道她在我身邊時(shí)就像一個(gè)小天使一樣站在我身邊的小女孩)”可知，小女孩在作者昏迷時(shí)的幫助，讓作者記住了她。故選A。Aspeoplearebecomingmoresociallyconsciousaboutwheretheirfoodcomesfromandhowitimpactstheplanet,theyarechoosinganimal-freeplant-basedoptions.Cow-freemeathasbeenaroundforquitesometimeandthepopularityofbrandsofthecultivatedmeatisrising.Whiletherearealargenumberofplant-basedmilksubstitutes,noneofthemhavethesametasteofcow’smilk.Now,afood-techcompanycreatedrealdairyproductswithoutharmingasinglecowortheplanet.Thecompanystressesthattheirproductproducedinthelabisnotamilksubstitutebutratheristherealdeal.Anditisveryhealthy.Thecompanyalsosaysthatthelab-producedmilktastesidenticaltotherealthingandtheyhopetoeventuallyreplacecowsbycreatingeverydairyproductsold.Theyexpecttorolloutplant-basedcheeseandyogurtinadditiontomilk.“Ourcompanywasfoundedwiththemissiontostopusinganimalstoproduce-ourfoodbecause,asdairylovers,werealizethatgivinguponmilkisnotanoption,”Johnsaid.“Buttoday’smilkcomeswithanunreasonablepricetag.Thedairyindustryisdestructivetoourplanet,ourhealth,andouranimals,andissimplynotsustainableanymore.”Theenvironmentalpricetagofdairyfarmingiswaytoohigh.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,dairycowsaddahugeamountofgreenhousegasestotheatmosphereand-contributetoglobalwarmingandclimatechangeaswellaspollutetheairaroundthem.Dairyoperationsconsumelargeamountsofwaterandrun-offofmanureandfertilizersfromthesefarmsgetintolocalwaterways.Theproductionusesonly5percentoftheresourcesandproducesonly1percentofthewasteofproducingcow’smilkaccordingtothecompany.Andtheyaccomplishthisbybeing100percentcruelty-freeunlikedairyfarms.8．Thefood-techcompany’smilkmentionedinthetextdiffersfromothermilksubstitutesin_______.A．itsvariousplant-basedflavour B．itstastesthesameascow’smilkC．itshighestoutputfromthefarms D．itsbroadpopularityhomeandabroad9．WhatcanweknowfromJohn’swordsinparagraph2?A．Pricesofcow’smilkarerisingthesedays.B．Thedestructivedairyindustriesshouldbeshutdown.C．Thefood-techcompanywassetupforanimalprotection.D．Thefood-techcompanyaimstoproduceanimal-freefood.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”probablyrefertointhelastparagraph?A．Dairycows. B．Dairyoperations. C．Climatechanges. D．Greenhousegases.11．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HealthierMilk. B．NewMilkSavesPlanet.C．FresherMilk,BetterFuture. D．MakingMilkwithoutCows.【答案】8．B9．D10．A11．D【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了一家食品科技公司在不傷害奶?；虻厍虻那闆r下，生產(chǎn)出了真正的乳制品，實(shí)驗(yàn)室生產(chǎn)的牛奶嘗起來(lái)和真牛奶一模一樣，公司的目標(biāo)是生產(chǎn)無(wú)動(dòng)物食品。文章還介紹了乳制品業(yè)對(duì)環(huán)境的不良影響。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thecompanyalsosaysthatthelab-producedmilktastesidenticaltotherealthingandtheyhopetoeventuallyreplacecowsbycreatingeverydairyproductsold.(該公司還表示，實(shí)驗(yàn)室生產(chǎn)的牛奶嘗起來(lái)和真牛奶一模一樣，他們希望最終通過(guò)生產(chǎn)每一種出售的奶制品來(lái)取代奶牛)”可知，文中提到的這家食品科技公司生產(chǎn)的牛奶與其他牛奶替代品的不同之處在于，它的味道與牛奶一樣。故選B。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中““Ourcompanywasfoundedwiththemissiontostopusinganimalstoproduce-ourfoodbecause,asdairylovers,werealizethatgivinguponmilkisnotanoption,”Johnsaid.(約翰說(shuō)：“我們公司成立時(shí)的使命是停止使用動(dòng)物來(lái)生產(chǎn)我們的食物，因?yàn)樽鳛槿橹破窅?ài)好者，我們意識(shí)到放棄牛奶不是一個(gè)選擇。”)”可推知，這家食品科技公司的目標(biāo)是生產(chǎn)無(wú)動(dòng)物食品。故選D。10．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞上文“AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,dairycowsaddahugeamountofgreenhousegasestotheatmosphereand-contributetoglobalwarmingandclimatechangeaswellaspollutetheairaround”可知，據(jù)世界自然基金會(huì)稱(chēng)，奶牛向大氣中排放了大量的溫室氣體，導(dǎo)致全球變暖和氣候變化，并污染了奶牛周?chē)目諝?，故them指的是“奶?！?。故選A。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whiletherearealargenumberofplant-basedmilksubstitutes,noneofthemhavethesametasteofcow’smilk.Now,afood-techcompanycreatedrealdairyproductswithoutharmingasinglecowortheplanet.(雖然有大量的植物性牛奶替代品，但它們都沒(méi)有牛奶的味道。現(xiàn)在，一家食品科技公司生產(chǎn)出了真正的乳制品，而沒(méi)有傷害一頭奶?；虻厍?”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了一家食品科技公司在不傷害奶牛或地球的情況下，生產(chǎn)出了真正的乳制品，實(shí)驗(yàn)室生產(chǎn)的牛奶嘗起來(lái)和真牛奶一模一樣，公司的目標(biāo)是生產(chǎn)無(wú)動(dòng)物食品。文章還介紹了乳制品業(yè)對(duì)環(huán)境的不良影響。可知，D選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有奶牛也能擠奶”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。Haveyoueverhadthefeelingthatyoucan’tthinkwhenthereistoomuchnoisearoundDidyoueverthinkafishcouldexperiencethatfeelingtoo?Arecentpublishedpaper,combinedover10,000scientificpapers,confirmsthatundersealifeknowsthatexactsamefeeling,moreoftenthannot.Anthropogenticoceannoise,alsoknownasunderwaternoisepollution,hascreatedahugeimpactonsealifedueto“human-caused”activitywithinandneighboringouroceans.ThefilmFindingNemoeducatedusabouttheocean,andspecificallywithintheordinaryworldofaclownfish.Afactmanymaynotknowisthatclownfishspendthefirstpartoftheirlivesaslarvae(幼蟲(chóng)),movingslowlywiththecurrentoftheoceanuntiltheybecomestrongenoughtoswimagainstit.Oncetheyarepowerfulandstrong,theyheadhomeinshelteredcoralreefs.Thereisonlyonedrawback—thefishcan’tphysicallyseethereef,buttheycanhearit.Theonlyproblemis,iftheycan’thearit,willtheyevermakeithome?Ouroceannoise,suchascargoships,shipandboatpropellers(螺旋槳),surfing,deepseamining,etc.arecausingdestructionofsealife.Someresearchesfoundthatsoundisthesensorysignalthattravelsthefarthestthroughtheocean.Theoceannoisedrownsoutthenaturalsoundscapes,puttingsealifeundergreatstress.Altogether,thisstressthenaffectstheirgeneralhealth,disturbtheirbehavior,reproductionand,inextremecasescausesdeath.Marinelifecanadapttonoisepollution,however,onlyiftheycanescapeit.Thisonlycausesfurthercomplicationsofstraying（使偏離）speciesfromtheirtraditionalbreedingregionsorseparatingthemfromtheirfamilies.Now,whatifwetoldyouthereisalreadyasolution?Multipleways,ideasanddesignsarecurrentlyintheworksoralreadyexisttoremovethedamageoftheoceannoise.Asthepreviousresearchexplains,fromwind-poweredshipstonoise-reducingpropellers,agreatmanysolutionsarealreadyavailableandinsomecases,cost-effective.Theauthorsofthepaperhopeitwillcatchtheattentionformthesociety.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Anthropogentic”probablymean?A．Producedbynature.B．Causedbyoceanlives.C．Relatedtohumanbeings.D．Madebyunderwateractivities.13．Theauthormentionedtheclownfishinparagraph2isto__________?A．educateustoprotectsea-lifeB．introducethefilmFindingNemoC．illustratetheharmfuleffectofoceannoiseD．showhowterribletheirlivingconditionsare14．Whichofthefollowingsolutionsisalreadyavailableaccordingtoparagraph4?A．Thenoisecontroltechniques.B．Theattentionfromthesociety.C．Theapplicationofrelevantlaws.D．Therestrictionofhumanactivities.15．What’sthetoneofthepassage?A．Narrativeandserious. B．Persuasiveandcritical.C．Descriptiveandpositive. D．Informativeandobjective.【答案】12．C13．C14．A15．D【分析】本文屬于說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了人為的海洋噪聲也稱(chēng)為水下噪聲污染，探索了人為活動(dòng)對(duì)海洋生物的影響。12．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線句“Anthropogenicoceannoise,alsoknownasunderwaternoisepollution,hascreatedahugeimpactonsealifedueto“human-caused”activitywithinandneighboringouroceans.(Anthropogenic海洋噪聲，又稱(chēng)水下噪聲污染，由于海洋內(nèi)部和鄰近海域的人為活動(dòng)，對(duì)海洋生物造成了巨大的影響。)”可知，這些海洋噪聲也稱(chēng)為水下噪聲污染，是人為活動(dòng)對(duì)海洋生物的影響，因此推斷這些噪音是與人類(lèi)有關(guān)的，故劃線詞與C項(xiàng)“與人類(lèi)有關(guān)”意思相近。故選C。13．推理判斷題。第二段“Afactmanymaynotknowisthatclownfishspendthefirstpartoftheirlivesaslarvae(幼蟲(chóng)),movingslowlywiththecurrentoftheoceanuntiltheybecomestrongenoughtoswimagainstit.Oncetheyarepowerfulandstrong,theyheadhomeinshelteredcoralreefs.Thereisonlyonedrawback—thefishcan’tphysicallyseethereef,buttheycanhearit.Theonlyproblemis,iftheycan’thearit,willtheyevermakeithome?(許多人可能不知道的一個(gè)事實(shí)是，小丑魚(yú)的前半生都是幼魚(yú)，隨著洋流漂流，直到它們變得足夠強(qiáng)壯，能夠逆流而上。一旦它們變得強(qiáng)壯有力，它們就會(huì)在有遮蔽的珊瑚礁中回家。只有一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)魚(yú)不能看到珊瑚礁，但他們可以聽(tīng)到它。唯一的問(wèn)題是，如果他們聽(tīng)不到，他們能回家嗎?)”講了小丑魚(yú)的不為人知的一個(gè)事實(shí)，它們需要在珊瑚礁的遮蔽下回家，但是看不到珊瑚礁，只能通過(guò)聽(tīng)到礁石的聲音來(lái)判斷珊瑚礁的存在，因此可知，聽(tīng)到珊瑚礁的聲音對(duì)小丑魚(yú)至關(guān)重要，結(jié)合第三段的“Theoceannoisedrownsoutthenaturalsoundscapes,puttingsealifeundergreatstress.Altogether,thisstressthenaffectstheirgeneralhealth,disturbtheirbehavior,reproductionand,inextremecasescausesdeath.(海洋的噪音淹沒(méi)了自然音景，使海洋生命面臨著巨大的壓力?？傊@種壓力會(huì)影響他們的總體健康，干擾他們的行為、繁殖，并在極端情況下導(dǎo)致死亡)”?？赏茢?，海洋噪音影響到小丑魚(yú)通過(guò)聲音判斷珊瑚礁，導(dǎo)致它們可能不能回家，因此作者提到小丑魚(yú)是為了說(shuō)明海洋噪音的有害影響。故選D。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Asthepreviousresearchexplains,fromwind-poweredshipstonoise-reducingpropellers,agreatmanysolutionsarealreadyavailableandinsomecases,cost-effective.(正如之前的研究所解釋的那樣，從風(fēng)力發(fā)電的船到降噪的螺旋槳，已經(jīng)有許多解決方案可用，而且在某些情況下，具有成本效益。)”可知，文章所提到的都是噪音控制技術(shù)的采納。因此可用的解決方案是采用噪音控制技術(shù)。故選A。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Arecentpublishedpaper,combinedover10,000scientificpapers,confirmsthatundersealifeknowsthatexactsamefeeling,moreoftenthannot.(最近發(fā)表的一篇論文，結(jié)合了1萬(wàn)多篇科學(xué)論文，證實(shí)了海底生物也有同樣的感覺(jué)，通常如此。)”可知，作者引用了研究論文中的內(nèi)容，是客觀的，第二段講述了小丑魚(yú)的生活條件，第三段講述噪音污染對(duì)海洋生物的影響，因此可知，文章內(nèi)容豐富，因此推斷文章信息豐富，且論述客觀。故選D。二、七選五Manypeopleavoidapologizingbecausetheideaofadmittingtowrongdoingmakesthemterriblyuncomfortable.Wemightalsofearthatthevictimwon’tacceptourapology,furthercompromisingourpositivesenseofsell.Forthesereasons.anapologycanbeverydifficulttogive.16．Researchshowsthatitcanimproveyourmentalhealth.repairdamagedrelationshipsandboostself-esteem.Wouldyouliketoapologizebutaren’tsurehow?Expertsoffertheseadvice:BuildYourApologyResearchershavedeterminedthateffectiveapologieshavesomefactors:expressingregret,explainingwhatwentwrong,acknowledgingresponsibility,offeringtorepairthesituationandrequestingforgiveness.Theporeofthesefactorsthatareincluded,themorelikelytheapologyisseenasacceptable.17．“Sometimesanimmediateapologyiscalledfor”saysapsychologyprofessor.“Butiftheotherpartisangryatyourwrongdoing.Itmaybemoreeffectivetowait,becausetheirangermaystopthembeingreceptivetoanapology.Thebesttimetoapologizeiswhenonefeelsreadytosincerelyapologize.Thereisnothingworseinthesesituationsthaninsincereapologies.”ChooseYourWordsChoosingappropriatewordsisveryimportantwhenyouplananapology.18．Examplesinclude“IcertainlyapologizeifIoffendedanyone”,and“I’mverysorry,butinmydefense,youstartedit.”19．Post-apology.yodmayfeellikeaburdenhasbeenlifted.Researchshowsthatapologiesmayeaseanapologiser’ssenseofguilt,andbringpeoplecloserandincreasetrust,evenamongstrangers.Anapologyisanimportanttoolforrebuildingarelationshiptomakeitfunctionalagain.20．A．ConsiderTimingB．Whatcomesnext?C．OfferimmediateapologyD．Evenifyoucan’tsaythewordssmoothly,they’llmeanalotE.Somethingssuchasmakingexcuses,orpointingfingersshouldbeavoided.F.Butwhenweareinthissituation,weneedtothinkhowtosaysorry-effectively.G.Althoughapologizingisstressfulanduncomfortable,aheartfeltapologyhaspositiveeffects.【答案】16．G17．A18．E19．B20．D【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明了道歉的重要性。16．根據(jù)上文“Forthesereasons.anapologycanbeverydifficulttogive.”（由于這些原因。道歉是很難做到的。）可知，道歉會(huì)讓人不舒服；下文“Researchshowsthatitcanimproveyourmentalhealth.”（研究表明，它可以改善你的心理健康。）說(shuō)明道歉的積極作用，選項(xiàng)G.Althoughapologizingisstressfulanduncomfortable,aheartfeltapologyhaspositiveeffects.（雖然道歉讓人感到壓力和不舒服，但發(fā)自?xún)?nèi)心的道歉有積極的效果。）承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。17．根據(jù)本段中““Sometimesanimmediateapologyiscalledfor”saysapsychologyprofessor.”（一位心理學(xué)教授說(shuō):“有時(shí)需要立即道歉?！保┛芍?，本段講的是道歉的時(shí)效性，A.ConsiderTiming考慮時(shí)間，符合本段主題，故選A。18．上文“Choosingappropriatewordsisveryimportantwhenyouplananapology.”（你打算道歉時(shí)，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇朕o是非常重要的。）說(shuō)明道歉用語(yǔ)很重要；下文“Examplesinclude“IcertainlyapologizeifIoffendedanyone”,and“I’mverysorry,butinmydefense,youstartedit.””（例如，“如果我冒犯了任何人，我當(dāng)然要道歉”，以及“很抱歉，但我得辯解一下，是你先挑起的。）舉了應(yīng)該避免的道歉用語(yǔ)；選項(xiàng)E.Somethingssuchasmakingexcuses,orpointingfingersshouldbeavoided.（有些事情，如找借口，或指責(zé)，應(yīng)該避免。）承接下文，故選E。19．根據(jù)“Post-apology.yodmayfeellikeaburdenhasbeenlifted.”（道歉之后你可能會(huì)覺(jué)得負(fù)擔(dān)變輕了。）可知，此段說(shuō)的是道歉之后的事。選項(xiàng)B.Whatcomesnext?下一步是什么？符合段意，故選B。20．根據(jù)上文“Anapologyisanimportanttoolforrebuildingarelationshiptomakeitfunctionalagain.（道歉是重建一段關(guān)系的重要工具，讓它再次發(fā)揮作用。）”可知，此處在強(qiáng)調(diào)道歉的重要性，選項(xiàng)D.Evenifyoucan’tsaythewordssmoothly,they’llmeanalot.（即使你不能流利地說(shuō)出這些話，它們也意味著很多。）中thewords與上文的apology相呼應(yīng)，故選D。三、完形填空It’scommontopostonsocialmediatokeeparecordofthefunthingsyoudo.Althoughsocialmediahasitspositiveaspects,itcanalsohavesomeserious21results.Forexample,haveyoueverbeenboredanddecidedtochecksocial22,onlytofindoutthatyourbestfriendisattheGreatWall,oneofyourclassmatesiseatingdeliciousnoodlesatyour23restaurant,andoneofyourbasketballteammatesisvisitingthegiantpandasinSichuan?Oh!You’rereally24!Atleastthat’swhatyoumightthink.Haveyoueverhadthatfeelingthatothersareexperiencingthingsandenjoyinglife25thanyouare?ResearcherscallthatfeelingthefearofmissingoutorFOMO.FOMOisareal26thatover75%ofyoungpeopleareexperiencingfromtimetotime.Socialmediaisthecause,becauseit’ssoeasytodayto27throughtoseewhatyourfriendsaredoing,eating,buyingandtalkingabout.28,itwouldbeimpossibletoenjoyallthesameactivitiesweseeotherstakepartinonsocialmedia.Ratherthan29thisbasictruth,though,weoftenletFOMOleadustocompareourlivestothoseofothersonsocialmedia.This30leavesusfeelingdissatisfied.Why?Weknowalltheaspectsofourlives—bothgoodandbad.Butallweseeonsocialmediaarethe31momentsothersshare.FOMOmakesuschecksocialmediamorefrequently,leadingtoanegativecyclethatcanbehardto32.ResearchershavefoundthatsocialmediaandFOMOcancausefeelingsof33,lonelinessandboredom.Researchersadvisethatwestoplookingfor34onsocialmedia.IfweletFOMO35us,theonlythingwe’llreallybemissingoutonisourownlife.Andlife’stooshortforthat.21．A．critical B．negative C．contradictory D．skeptical22．A．contact B．relations C．media D．issues23．A．favourite B．a(chǎn)ccessible C．extraordinary D．optional24．A．missingout B．figuringout C．pickingout D．runningout25．A．less B．further C．worse D．more26．A．problem B．phenomenon C．framework D．term27．A．glance B．look C．get D．pull28．A．Occasionally B．Initially C．Unfortunately D．Oppositely29．A．resisting B．realizing C．distinguishing D．a(chǎn)nalyzing30．A．criterion B．understanding C．a(chǎn)ssessment D．comparison31．A．a(chǎn)bundant B．exact C．similar D．perfect32．A．a(chǎn)djust B．break C．expect D．tell33．A．surprise B．difficulty C．depression D．a(chǎn)nger34．A．benefit B．dignity C．happiness D．substitute35．A．betray B．a(chǎn)ttract C．occupy D．control【答案】21．B22．C23．A24．A25．D26．B27．A28．C29．B30．D31．D32．B33．C34．C35．D【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹超過(guò)75%的年輕人不時(shí)經(jīng)歷FOMO現(xiàn)象，雖然社交媒體有其積極的一面，但也可能產(chǎn)生一些嚴(yán)重的消極后果。21．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然社交媒體有其積極的一面，但也可能產(chǎn)生一些嚴(yán)重的消極后果。A.critical愛(ài)挑剔的，嚴(yán)重的；B.negative消極的；C.contradictory矛盾的；D.skeptical多疑的。由前面的“Although”和“positive”可知，此處應(yīng)用于positive意思相反的詞，故用negative。故選B項(xiàng)。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，你是否曾經(jīng)感到無(wú)聊，決定查看社交媒體，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)你最好的朋友在長(zhǎng)城，你的一個(gè)同學(xué)在你最喜歡的餐廳吃美味的面條，你的一個(gè)籃球隊(duì)友在四川參觀大熊貓？A.contact聯(lián)系，接觸；B.relations關(guān)系，聯(lián)系；C.media媒體；D.issues問(wèn)題。由第三段的“itwouldbeimpossibletoenjoyallthesameactivitiesweseeotherstakepartinonsocialmedia”可知，此處指查看社交媒體。故選C項(xiàng)。23．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，你是否曾經(jīng)感到無(wú)聊，決定查看社交媒體，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)你最好的朋友在長(zhǎng)城，你的一個(gè)同學(xué)在你最喜歡的餐廳吃美味的面條，你的一個(gè)籃球隊(duì)友在四川參觀大熊貓？A.favourite特別喜愛(ài)的；B.accessible易接近的，可進(jìn)入的；C.extraordinary非凡的，特別的；D.optional可選擇的。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處指你最喜歡的餐廳。故選A項(xiàng)。24．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：你真的錯(cuò)過(guò)了。A.missingout錯(cuò)過(guò)，省略；B.figuringout解決，想出；C.pickingout挑選出；D.runningout耗盡，到期。由下文的“Researcherscallthatfeelingthefearofmissingout”可知，此處用missout。故選A項(xiàng)。25．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：你是否有過(guò)這樣的感覺(jué)：別人比你更能體驗(yàn)事物，更能享受生活？A.less更少；B.further更遠(yuǎn)；C.worse更糟糕；D.more更多。由上文的“experiencingthingsandenjoyinglife”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處指別人比你更能體驗(yàn)事物，更能享受生活。故選D項(xiàng)。26．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：FOMO是一個(gè)真實(shí)的現(xiàn)象，超過(guò)75%的年輕人不時(shí)經(jīng)歷。A.problem問(wèn)題；B.phenomenon現(xiàn)象；C.framework結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)架；D.term術(shù)語(yǔ)，學(xué)期。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知FOMO是一個(gè)真實(shí)的現(xiàn)象。故選B項(xiàng)。27．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：社交媒體是原因，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在很容易瀏覽一下你的朋友在做什么，吃什么，買(mǎi)什么，談?wù)撌裁?。A.glance瀏覽，掃視；B.look看，注意；C.get得到；D.pull拉。由下文的“seewhatyourfriendsaredoing,eating,buyingandtalkingabout”可知，此處指現(xiàn)在很容易瀏覽一下你的朋友在做什么，吃什么，買(mǎi)什么，談?wù)撌裁?。故選A項(xiàng)。28．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，我們不可能享受我們?cè)谏缃幻襟w上看到的所有活動(dòng)。A.Occasionally偶爾；B.Initially最初，首先；C.Unfortunately不幸的是；D.Oppositely相反。由下文并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處用Unfortunately符合語(yǔ)境，即不幸的是我們不能體驗(yàn)自己在社交媒體上看到的所有活動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)。29．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我們并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這一基本事實(shí)，而是經(jīng)常讓FOMO引導(dǎo)我們?cè)谏缃幻襟w上將自己的生活與他人的生活進(jìn)行比較。A.resisting抵抗，抗拒；B.realizing意識(shí)到；C.distinguishing區(qū)分，辨別；D.analyzing分析。結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境可知，此處指我們并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到“我們不能體驗(yàn)自己在社交媒體上看到的所有活動(dòng)”這一基本事實(shí)。故選B項(xiàng)。30．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這種比較使我們感到不滿。A.criterion標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；B.understanding理解；C.assessment評(píng)定，估價(jià)；D.comparison比較。由上文的“compareourlivestothoseofothersonsocialmedia”和該句中的“This”可知，此處指這種比較使我們感到不滿。故選D項(xiàng)。31．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們?cè)谏缃幻襟w上看到的都是他人分享的完美時(shí)刻。A.abundant大量的；B.exact準(zhǔn)確的；C.similar相似的；D.perfect完美的。由上文的“Weknowalltheaspectsofourlives—bothgoodandbad.But”可知，此處指我們?cè)谏缃幻襟w上看到的都是他人分享的完美時(shí)刻。故選D項(xiàng)。32．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：FOMO讓我們更頻繁地查看社交媒體，導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)難以避免的負(fù)面循環(huán)。A.adjust調(diào)整，使……適合；B.break破壞，打破；C.expect期望；D.tell告訴。根據(jù)上文“thatover75%ofyoungpeopleareexperiencingfromtimetotime.”可知，有FOMO這種情況的年輕人很多，由此推知它很難打破，擺脫。故選B項(xiàng)。33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，社交媒體和FOMO會(huì)導(dǎo)致抑郁、孤獨(dú)和無(wú)聊感。A.surprise驚喜；B.difficulty困難；C.depression沮喪，抑郁；D.anger生氣。由后面的“l(fā)onelinessandboredom”可知，此處應(yīng)用與這些詞意思相似的詞，即depression。故選C項(xiàng)。34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員建議我們停止在社交媒體上尋找快樂(lè)。A.benefit利益，好處；B.dignity尊嚴(yán)；C.happiness快樂(lè)；D.substitute代用品。由上文的“It’scommontopostonsocialmediatokeeparecordofthefunthingsyoudo”和“Researchersadvisethatwestoplookingfor”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處指研究人員建議我們停止在社交媒體上尋找快樂(lè)。故選C項(xiàng)。35．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：FOMO控制我們，我們唯一真正錯(cuò)過(guò)的就是我們自己的生活。A.betray背叛，出賣(mài)；B.attract吸引；C.occupy占領(lǐng)；D.control控制。由上文的“weoftenletFOMOleadustocompareourlivestothoseofothersonsocialmedia”“FOMOmakesuschecksocialmediamorefrequently”等描述可知，此處指FOMO控制我們。故選D項(xiàng)。四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Carmakersaremakingmoreelectriccars.They36．(replace)petrolcarsinthefuture.ThiswillcuttheamountofCO2intheatmosphere.Abigproblemischargingthebattery.Somebatteriesinelectriccarscantakeupto12hours37．(charge).However,aforeigncompanysaysithasmadealithium-ionbattery38．canchargeinjustfiveminutes.Thisisthesameamountoftimeittakestofill39．tankofgas.Thenewlithium-ionbatteriesweredevelopedbytheforeigncompanywhile40．a(chǎn)reproducedbyaChinesecompany.Thenewbatteriescouldtransformdriving.Electriccarscouldtravelasfaraspetrolcars,buttheycangivepeople“range41．(anxious)”.Thisisstress42．(cause)byworryingaboutthebatteryrunningout43．power.Aspokespersonsaid:“You’reeitherafraidthatyou’regoingtogetstuckonthehighway,or44．you’regoingtoneedtositinachargingstationfortwohours.”Headded:“We’reatthepointofachievingarevolutionintheelectricvehiclechargingexperience.Hesaidtheswitchfrompetroltoelectricwillhappen45．(rapid).【答案】36．willreplace37．tocharge38．that/which39．a(chǎn)40．they41．a(chǎn)nxiety42．caused43．of44．that45．rapidly【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。介紹了電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的新能源——電池。36．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：它們?cè)谖磥?lái)代替汽油汽車(chē)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)inthefuture可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，replace是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故填willreplace。37．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：電動(dòng)汽車(chē)中的一些電池充電可能需要12個(gè)小時(shí)。分析句子可知，charge是目的狀語(yǔ)，用不定式形式，故填tocharge。38．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：然而，一家外國(guó)公司表示，它生產(chǎn)的鋰離子電池可以在5分鐘內(nèi)完成充電。分析句子可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾battery，從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，用關(guān)系代詞that或者which。故填that/which。39．考查冠詞。句意：這與加滿一個(gè)油箱的汽油所需的時(shí)間相同。根據(jù)句意，此處泛指“一個(gè)油箱”，用不定冠詞，故填a。40．考查代詞。句意：新的鋰離子電池由外國(guó)公司開(kāi)發(fā)，而它們由一家中國(guó)公司生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)句意，空格處指代上文提到的“Thenewlithium-ionbatteries”，是復(fù)數(shù)，且作主語(yǔ)，故填they。41．考查名詞。句意：電動(dòng)汽車(chē)可以行駛地和汽油車(chē)一樣快，但它們會(huì)給人們?cè)斐伞熬嚯x焦慮”。分析句子可知，此處用名詞作動(dòng)詞give的賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，用作不可數(shù)名詞，故填anxiety。42．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這是由擔(dān)心電池耗盡能源造成的壓力。分析句子可知，cause作定語(yǔ)，修飾stress，二者之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞，故填caused。43．考查介詞和固定短語(yǔ)。句意同上。runout“耗盡”，是固定短語(yǔ)，接賓語(yǔ)，需加介詞of。故填of。44．考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：你要么擔(dān)心你會(huì)被困在高速公路上，要么擔(dān)心你需要在充電站坐兩個(gè)小時(shí)。分析句子可知，or連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句句意完整，成分齊全，用that引導(dǎo)從句，that無(wú)詞義，不作成分，僅起引導(dǎo)作用，故填that。45．考查副詞。句意：他說(shuō)，從汽油到電力的轉(zhuǎn)變將會(huì)很快發(fā)生。修飾動(dòng)詞happen用副詞作定語(yǔ)，故填rapidly。五、提綱類(lèi)作文46．城市博物館正在舉辦中國(guó)文物（relic）展，并將接待一所國(guó)際學(xué)校的留學(xué)交換生到博物館參觀。假設(shè)你是李華，你在博物館官網(wǎng)上看到需要招聘志愿者的公告，請(qǐng)給博物館寫(xiě)一封電子郵件申請(qǐng)做一名志愿者。內(nèi)容包括：1.寫(xiě)信目的；2.個(gè)人能力優(yōu)勢(shì)；3.能做的事情。注意:1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearSirorMadam,MynameisLiHua.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YoursTruly,LiHua【答案】DearSirorMadam,MynameisLiHua.AsanexchangestudentfromChina,Iamstudyinginalocalschool.IamreallydelightedtolearnthataguideforyourChineseculturalrelicexhibitionisrequiredandI'mconfidentthatIamtrulyfitforthencomposition.Tostartwith,myadvantagefirstliesinthefactthatIamfromChinaandusedtobeavolunteerinShanghaiMuseumand