中考英語語法 時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

中考語法時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)｛｛8種時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志特殊用法一般現(xiàn)在1）經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài)2）表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)及永恒的真理注意：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)（he,she,it,Tom,myteacher…）表示頻度的副詞：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,hardly,everyweek,onceamonth….在時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，如果主句含有將來時(shí)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，或者是祈使句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。2）在賓語從句中，當(dāng)從句表示客觀真理或普遍規(guī)律時(shí)，無論主句是過去還是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。3）begin,come,go,leave,start,stop,arrive,return,open,close等動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃，規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)｛｛8種時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志特殊用法一般現(xiàn)在1）經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài)2）表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)及永恒的真理注意：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)（he,she,it,Tom,myteacher…）動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱類型變化規(guī)則例子一般情況在詞尾加-stake-takeslisten-listens以-s,-x,-o-sh,-ch,結(jié)尾在詞尾加-esgo-goeswash-washes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i再加-estry-triesstudy-studies特殊情況不規(guī)則變化have-has時(shí)態(tài)｛｛｛｛8種時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志特殊用法一般過去時(shí)過去時(shí)間發(fā)生的事情，存在的狀態(tài)或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+表語therewas/were實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞過去式1）yesterday…..;

2）lastweek…..3）twodaysago,4）justnow=amomentago剛才;5）thismorning6）in1980過去式的構(gòu)成方法類型規(guī)則例子一般情況在詞尾加-edclimb-climbedplant-planted以–e結(jié)尾在詞尾加-dlive-liveddie-died以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾”改y為i再加-edstudy-studiedfry-fried以重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-edstop-stoppedadmit-admitted不規(guī)則變化put-puttake-took時(shí)態(tài)｛｛｛｛8種時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志特殊用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作句式結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+is/am/are+現(xiàn)在分詞常用時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志：1）Listen,Look….2）now,atthistime,thesedays;表示位置移動(dòng)的詞go,come,leave,arrive表示交通方式的詞walk,drive,fly常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。現(xiàn)在分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)類型變化規(guī)則例子一般情況直接加-inggo-goinghelp-helping以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾去e加-ingleave-leavingwrite-writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加-ingrun-runningstop-stopping以ie結(jié)尾改ie為y再加-ingdie-dyinglie-lying時(shí)態(tài)｛｛｛｛8種時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志特殊用法過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）then,atthattime,atfiveyesterday

from2to3yesterdaywhen,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句一般將來時(shí)1）表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)2）結(jié)構(gòu)will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來tomorrow,nextweek…,inthefuture,soon,howsoon,in10days,in2020begoingto+V原形，常用來表示計(jì)劃，打算做某事過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“從過去看將來”結(jié)構(gòu)would+動(dòng)詞原形was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形常用于主句是一般過去時(shí)的賓語從句中ItoldhimIwouldfinishthatprojectthenextday.時(shí)態(tài)｛｛｛｛8種時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志特殊用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。還表示動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)下去。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+過去分詞1）already（肯定句）yet

（否定句，疑問句）2）ever,never;3）just,before,sofar;recently4）since+一般過去時(shí)since1990,sincetwoyearsago;=fortwoyears;5）inthepastfewyears1）have/hasgoneto去了某地（不在說話的地方）have/hasbeento去過（強(qiáng)調(diào)次數(shù)）have/hasbeenin在某地（強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間）2）瞬間性動(dòng)詞要轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞for+段時(shí)間since+一段時(shí)間+ago/

一般過去時(shí)Howlong…..buy→haveborrow→keepdie→bedeadleave→beawayfromcomehere→behere時(shí)態(tài)｛｛｛｛8種時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志特殊用法過去完成時(shí)表示到過去某時(shí)間為止或在過去某時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或者完成的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had+過去分詞By/before+過去的時(shí)間構(gòu)成的介詞短語e.gbytheendoflastyearbefore,when引導(dǎo)的一般過去時(shí)的從句過去的動(dòng)作之前whenIgottothestationbeforeIwentout,過去的時(shí)間之前，by

lastmonth,bytheendoflastmonth（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.Tom______toschoolbybikeeveryday.（go）2.They______（go）toschoolonfoot3.否定句→He_________toschoolbybikeeveryday.4.否定句→They___________toschoolonfoot5.一般疑問句→______he______toschoolbybikeeveryday?6.一般疑問句→

they

toschoolonfoot?goesgodoesn’tgodon’tgoDoesgogoDo考點(diǎn)自測一考點(diǎn)一:動(dòng)詞三單的變化規(guī)則1.直接在動(dòng)詞后面加-s

look-lookslike-likes2.以s,x,ch,sh

結(jié)尾的詞語后面加-es

brush–brusheswatches3.以y結(jié)尾的詞語，變y為i

加-es

fly-fliescarry-carries4.不規(guī)則變化 have-has時(shí)態(tài)：1.Theteachersaidthesun________（rise）intheeastand_______（set）inthewest.2.Ifit__________________（notrain）tomorrow,we’llgothepark.3.Iwilltellhimassoonashe__________（come）back.risessetsdoesn’traincomes（二）一般過去時(shí)1.Tom_____________（clean）theclassroomyesterday.2.否定句→Tom___________________theclassroomyesterday3.一般疑問句→____Tom________theclassroomyesterday?4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.考點(diǎn)一：動(dòng)詞過去式的變化規(guī)則1.直接在動(dòng)詞后面加-ed

want-wantedlook-looked2.以e結(jié)尾的在動(dòng)詞后面直接加-d

like-liked

3.重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫最后一個(gè)字母加-ed

stop-stopped 4.以y結(jié)尾的變y為i

加ed

carry-carriedcleaneddidn’tcleanDidcleanYeshedid.Nohedidn’t（二）一般過去時(shí)考點(diǎn)二：usedtodosth過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣或動(dòng)作。be/become/getusedto+doing,習(xí)慣于做……”

1.國王過去常常住在城堡里。

ThekingsusedtoliveinthecastleinFrance.2.我爺爺習(xí)慣于住在鄉(xiāng)下。

Mygrandpaisusedtolivinginthecountryside.考點(diǎn)三：“Itis+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過去時(shí)”，表示“自從……以來有……時(shí)間”的意思，主句可用itis來代替Ithasbeen1.自從我來到深圳已經(jīng)10年了。

Itis10yearssinceI__________________Shenzhen.cameto（三）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.He___________hishomeworknow.（do）2.否定句→He_____________hishomeworknow.3.一般疑問句→____he________hishomeworknow?4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.isdoingisn’tdoingIsdoingYesheisNoheisn’t（三）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.直接在動(dòng)詞后面加-ing

do-doingski-skiing2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單詞，去掉e再加-ing

write-writing

ride-riding3.重讀閉音節(jié)單詞，雙寫最后一個(gè)字母再加-ing

shop-shoppingswim-swimming考點(diǎn)一：動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則1.I___________________（come）.我就來了。

Iamcoming考點(diǎn)二：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來。（常用詞come,go,leave.start,move,…）Iamcoming（四）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.He

hishomeworkat8yesterday.2.否定句→He

hishomeworkat8yesterday.3.一般疑問句→

he

hishomeworkat8yesterday?4.肯定回答→

,

.5.否定回答→

,

.wasdoingwasn’tdoingWasdoingYeshewasNohewasn’t（四）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，我們在讀書。We__________________whentheteachercamein.考點(diǎn)一：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)+when+一般過去時(shí),

媽媽在做飯時(shí)，我在看電視。Whilemum_____________,Iwas___________TV.考點(diǎn)二：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)+while+過去進(jìn)行時(shí)werereadingbookswascookingwatching（五）一般將來時(shí)1.He____________________（make）acardforhisMumthisweekend.2.否定句→He____________________（make）acardforhisMumthisweekend.3.一般疑問句→_______he___________（make）acardforhisMumthisweekend.4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.willmakewillmakeWillmakeYeshewillNohewon’t（五）一般將來時(shí)1.用用你的大腦，你將會(huì)找到辦法。Useyourhead,andyou__________（find）away.考點(diǎn)一：祈使句+and/or+句子，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語可用一般將來時(shí)。1.Openthewindow,

?2.Let’sgotothezoo,

?考點(diǎn)二：祈使句+反意疑問句部分（willyou）1.將有場運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。

There_________________________asportsmeeting.考點(diǎn)三：begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形，表示打算做某事或可能要發(fā)生某事。willfindwillyouisgoingtobewillyou（六）過去將來時(shí)1.Hesaidhe_______________（come）toseeme.2.Iwastoldthathe____________________（return）home.wouldcomewouldreturn1.He________________（finish）fortendays.2.否定句→He_____________（finish）fortendays.3.一般疑問句→____he________（finish）fortendays?4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.考點(diǎn)一：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+for+時(shí)間段/since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)1.I_____________（live）inShenzhenfortwoyears./since2yearsago.（七）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)hasfinishedHashasfinishedfinishedYeshehasNohehasn’thavelived（七）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.---WhereisLily？---She_______________toBeijing.2.I____________________toBeijingtwice.3.Myparents___________________Shenzhensince1999.考點(diǎn)二：hasgoneto/hasbeento/havebeenin的區(qū)別1.Shenzhen_____________alotinthepast50years.（change）考點(diǎn)三：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/年/月以來……”時(shí)間狀語，如：inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/dayshasgonetohavebeentohavebeeninhaschanged（七）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.這是我第一次參觀中國。ThisismyfirsttimethatI________________（visit）China.2.這是我看過的最有趣的電影。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI_______ever________（see）.3.那是他寫的唯一的書。Thatistheonlybookthathe_______________（write）.考點(diǎn)四：表示“第幾次做某事”或在“Itisthebest（worst,mostinteresting）+名詞+that”后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

havevisitedhaveseenhaswritten（七）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.die-______________ 2.borrow-______________ 3.buy-______________4.open-_____

5.close-____________6.begin-______________ 7.leave-__________（from）8.join-______________9.marry-_____________10.go-____________11.return-_____________ 12.他已經(jīng)買了那本書。He_____________________thebook.13.他買了那本書已經(jīng)三天了He____________________thebookfor3days.考點(diǎn)五：延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。beendeadkepthadbeopenbeenclosedbeenonbeenawaybeenamemberofbeenmarriedbeenawaybeenback1.Tom_____________theworkwhentheycameback.（finish）2.否定句→Tom_____________theworkwhentheycameback.3.一般疑問句→____Tom________theworkwhentheycameback?4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.考點(diǎn)一：過去完成時(shí)+bytheendof+過去時(shí)間1.We___________200bridgesbytheendof2000.（build）2.Bythetimehewas14,he_________（set）upasmallcompanyofhisown.（八）過去完成時(shí)hadfinishedhadn’tfinishedHadfinishedYeshehadNohehadn’thadbuilthadset（八）過去完成時(shí)1.We________________thehomeworkwhentheteachercameback.（finish）2.WhenIgottothecheckout,IrealizedthatI________（leave）mypurseathome.考點(diǎn)二：過去完成時(shí)+when+一般過去時(shí)1.Hesaidhe___________________thefilm.（see）2.Shetoldmeshe_________（beill）recently.3.Hesaidhe___________（know）nothingaboutheruntilthen.考點(diǎn)三：用于賓語從句中hadfinishedhadlefthadseenhadbeenillhadknown語態(tài)1、不知道或者沒有必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者：Someexpensivewatcheswerestolenlastnight.

昨晚一些昂貴的手表被盜了。2、需要強(qiáng)調(diào)和突出動(dòng)作的承受者：Englishisspokenwidelyintheworld.

英語在世界上廣泛地使用。3、句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者：Muchsoilwaswashedawaybytheheavyrain.

大量泥土被大雨沖走。4、說話或者發(fā)表意見，為了顯得公正客觀，也常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：Itissaidthat…

據(jù)說……Itishopedthat…

希望……Itisbelievedthat…

據(jù)信……Itisreportedthat…

據(jù)報(bào)道……被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一覽表時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesis/am/are+doneIclosethedoor.Thedoorisclosed一般過去時(shí)didwas/were+dongTimmadethepaperbag.ThepaperbagwasmadebyTim.一般將來時(shí)will/shall+dowill/shall+bedoneTheywillbuildanewlibraryinourschool.Thenewlibrarywillbebuiltinourschool.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdoneTheyarecleaningtheroom.Theroomisbeingcleanedbythem.各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一覽表時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+donehave/has+beendoneIhaven'tfoundmypurse.Mypursehasn’tbeenfound.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+doingwas/were+beingdoneKimwasrepairingthebicycle.ThebicyclewasbeingrepairedbyKim.過去完成時(shí)had+donehad+beendoneTheyhadwrittentwobooksbytheendoflastmonth.Twobookshadbeenwrittenbytheendoflastmonth.過去將來時(shí)would/should+dowould/should+bedoneHesaidtheywouldholdaparty.Hesaidapartywouldbeheld.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must+docan/may/must+bedoneWecanfinishthisproject.Thisprojectcanbefinishedbyus.語態(tài)考點(diǎn)一happen/takeplace無被動(dòng)語態(tài)（√，×）被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：sound,seem,smell,taste,look,feel…sell,suit,wash,wear,write…Thesong

sounds