托福2023-4-17巧解新托福詞匯類問(wèn)題(一)

巧解新托福詞匯類問(wèn)題(一)朗閣托?？荚囇芯恐行脑~匯類問(wèn)題（VocabularyQuestions）是新托福閱讀考試每次必考題型，它要求考生確定文章中個(gè)別單詞或短語(yǔ)的具體意思（一個(gè)單詞可能有多個(gè)意思，但在給定選項(xiàng)中只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)與該單詞在閱讀文章中的意思相符），也就是說(shuō)單詞的意思必須符合原文的意思。并且通常情況下，被考到的單詞或短語(yǔ)對(duì)于理解文章的一個(gè)大的或重要的部分起到至關(guān)重要的作用。如何識(shí)別此類問(wèn)題詞匯類問(wèn)題很容易辨認(rèn)，在文章中被考到的單詞或短語(yǔ)會(huì)被用陰影標(biāo)識(shí)出來(lái)，問(wèn)題的提問(wèn)形式通常為：☆I(lǐng)nthecaseofaword,thequestionmightbe:ThewordXinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto☆I(lǐng)nthecaseofaphrase,thequestionmightbe:InstatingX,theauthormeansthatThephraseXinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto其中，以第一種形式，也就是考察考生某單詞在文章上下文中意思的問(wèn)題類型最為常見。如何答題在文章中定位到陰影標(biāo)識(shí)的單詞或短語(yǔ)。仔細(xì)閱讀該詞或短語(yǔ)所在句子。在句子中尋找可以幫助理解陰影標(biāo)識(shí)的單詞或短語(yǔ)的具體意思的線索。選擇答案，并將所選擇的單詞或短語(yǔ)放入原文進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，以確認(rèn)這個(gè)句子在全文中仍是有意義的。朗閣托?？荚囇芯恐行奶嵝芽忌⒁猓x擇答案時(shí)，不要僅僅因?yàn)槟硞€(gè)選項(xiàng)符合該單詞的某一個(gè)正確意思就將其作為正確選項(xiàng)；題目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了那一個(gè)詞義。如何利用各種線索☆結(jié)構(gòu)線索（即指明句子中各成分之間關(guān)系的特定單詞、短語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)）對(duì)比Example:OGPracticeSet5,question6Passage5:Inthisnewlyemergingeconomicorder,workerssometimesorganizedtoprotecttheirrightsandtraditionalwaysoflife.Craftworkerssuchascarpentersandtailorsformedunionsandin1834individualunionscametogetherintheNationalTrades’Union.ThelabormovementgatheredsomemomentuminthedecadebeforethePanicof1837,butinthedepressionthatfollowed,labor’sstrengthcollapsed…Thephrasegatheredsomemomentuminthepassageisclosestinmeaningto○madeprogress○becameactive○causedchanges○combinedforces解析：?jiǎn)卧~readily所在的文章句子中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but,根據(jù)文章中but后面的內(nèi)容我們可以得出短語(yǔ)gatheredsomemomentum在此句中的意思為madeprogress。例子Example:OGPracticeSet4,question10Passage8:Onecognitivetheorysuggeststhataggravatingandpainfuleventstriggerunpleasantfeelings.Thesefeelingsinturn,canleadtoaggressiveaction,butnotautomatically.Cognitivefactorsintervene.Peopledecidewhethertheywillactaggressivelyornotonotherpeople’smotives.Supportingevidencecomesfromresearchshowingthataggressivepeopleoftendistortotherpeople’smotives.Forexample,theyassumethatotherpeoplemeanthemharmwhentheydonot.Theworddistortinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto○mistrust○misinterpret○criticize○resent解析：distort所在的文章句子后出現(xiàn)“forexample”,根據(jù)forexample中的內(nèi)容，我們可以得出distort在此句中的意思為misinterpret。并列信息Example:OGPracticeSet5,question3Passage3:…Absenteeismandlatenesshurtproductivityandsinceworkwasspecialized,disruptedtheregularfactoryroutine.Industrializationnotonlyproducedafundamentalchangeinthewayworkwasorganized;ittransformedtheverynatureofwork.Theworddisruptedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto○prolonged○established○followed○upset解析：disrupt在的文章句子中出現(xiàn)and連接的并列信息hurt,根據(jù)這一并列信息，我們可以得出disrupt在此句中的意思為upset。因果關(guān)系Example:OGPracticeSet6,question1Passage1:…Feeding,courtship,preproduction,andeven“rest”arecarriedoutwhileinconstantmotion.Asaresult,practicallyeveryaspectofthebodyformandfunctionoftheseswimming“machines”isadaptedtoenhancetheirabilitytoswim.Thewordenhanceinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto○use○improve○counteract○balance解析：enhance在的文章句子中出現(xiàn)表示因果關(guān)系的短語(yǔ)asaresult,根據(jù)前一句中的原因，我們可以得出enhance在此句中的意思為improve。連詞orExample:OGTheEXPRESSIONOFEMOTIONSquestion1Passage1:Joyandsadnessareexperiencedbypeopleinallculturesaroundtheworld,buthowcanwetellwhenotherpeoplearehappyordespondent?Itturnsoutthattheexpressionofmanyemotionsmayeuniversal…Theworddespondentinthepassageisclose