U2P4Grammar高中英語選修六unit2grammar

英語課標教學課件選修6SubjunctiveMood(2)Unit2Grammar Pandoraopenedherbox… What’sleftinthebox?Ifshehadbeenwarnedofdanger,wouldshehaveopenedthebox?misfortuneshope虛擬語氣

1）概念

虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。Revision2）在條件句中的應用

條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。If條件句虛擬情況從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反過去式(be的形式用were)had+過去分詞過去式/should+do/weretodowould/should/could/might+havedonewould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+doreview假設條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設的謂語動詞不一致，叫做錯綜條件虛擬語氣(mixedconditionals)。主句和從句的謂語動詞要依照假設的時間而定。

Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital.1.Weusemixedconditionalswhenthemainclauseandtheif-clauseareaboutdifferenttenses.e.g.Ifyouhadcomeandattendedthemeetingyesterday,youwouldknow

whatwearedoingnow.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,you

wouldnotbeintroublenow.2.Weuseotherwise,orandphrasesbeginningwithwith,withoutandbutfortoreplaceanif-clauseinimpliedconditionals.

Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.(Iftherewerenoair)(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(IfIhadn’tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)

Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.(IfIhadn’tbeenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)3.Inadverbialclausesintroducedby

evenif,asif,asthoughandifonly

wecanuseunrealconditionals.Hetreatshiseldersisterasthoughshewereastranger.即使生了病，他也去辦公室。

Evenifhewereill,hewouldgotohisoffice.

她談論那部影片，就好像她確實看過一樣。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.虛擬語氣用于各種從句主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句一.用于主語從句1.

It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/impossible/surprising+that---Clause等表達一種“情緒、觀點”的形容詞，其從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動詞原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.掌握一門外語是重要的Itisstrangethatshe________(refuse)tocometotheparty.她居然拒絕來參加聚會，真奇怪It’snecessarythatwe_______________(study)hard.refuseshouldstudy2.It’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that…后面的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣，也以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinthearea

It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.3.以上這些動詞的名詞形式后面的表語從句和同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，即(should)+v原.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomeatonce.(表語從句）Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid

bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.(同位語從句)Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible表語從句2/2/2023練習：1.Itisdemandedthathe_______________________________.根據(jù)要求，他星期五動身前往加拿大。2.ItissuggestedthattheEnglishevening

______________________________.有人建議，英語晚會周六舉行。（should)leaveforCanadaonFriday（should）be

heldonSaturday3.itis/was+suggested/requested/required/demanded/ordered/commanded/proposed…that從句Itissuggestedweshouldstartbeforesunset.二、用于賓語從句中虛擬語氣特殊句型：wish/ifonly

現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：did（were）haddonewould/…do

1)IwishIwereabird.（現(xiàn)在）2)IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.（過去）3)Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.（將來）IfonlyI

knewhisname!Ifonlywe

hadfollowed

youradvice!IfonlyI

couldsee

himagain!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。

要是我沒錯過火車就好了！Ifonlyourparents

couldlivewith

us!IfonlyI

hadn’tmissed

thetrain!IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一樣高。Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.他希望他沒講那樣的話。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。wishtodo表達法。wishsb./sth.todoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.2.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.diddidhaddone3.It’s(about/high)time+thatshoulddodid你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.4.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。1)賓語從句。常見動詞：一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。即：

insist

一堅持

order,command

二命令3.advise,suggest,propose

三建議4.demand,require,request,desire

四命令這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅決要求我到場。國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。WesuggestedthatTom

havearest.HeinsistedthatI

(should)be

present.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners

bekilled

thenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe

(should)send

themtoworkthere.suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“堅持說，堅持認為”時，其后賓語從用用陳述語氣。Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe________(be)illandwesuggestedthatshe_____________(send)tohospitalatonce.Heinsistedthatthe

lady__________(steal)

his

wallet

and

that

she

_____________(take)to

the

police

stationatonce.

注意was一句巧辨(should)besentstole(should)betakenIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如果suggest,insist不表示"建議"或"堅持要某人做某事"時，即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅持認為"時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_____(be)seriouslyillandthat________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe______(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewas表語從句和同位語從句：以上動詞相應的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句）也要使用虛擬語氣，即：(should)+v-原形。

名詞形式:order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,desirerequest,requirementThesuggestion

isthattheplanbecarriedoutatonce.Mydemand

isthatsheshouldcome

toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.2/2/2023以asif、asthough（就好像，似乎，仿佛）引出的方式狀語從句，如果表示真實情況應該用陳語氣；如果表示非真實情況則應該用虛擬語氣,其謂語動詞的虛擬式與wish后面賓語從句中謂語動詞的虛擬形式相同。即

二、asif，asthough引導的從句現(xiàn)在：過去：將來:did/were(現(xiàn)在)haddone(過去)would+動詞原形(將來)asif/asthough+主語

區(qū)別：當evenif,asif/though從句所表示的情況發(fā)生的可能性較大時，須用陳述語氣。

I’llgoevenifitrains.

Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.

{HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA. 陳述語氣HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA. 虛擬語氣Shelovesthestudentasifhewereherownson.Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhe_______（be)aman.那個小男孩懂得那么多事情，好像他是一個大人Heactedasusualasif/thoughnothing_________________(happen).

werehadhappened用于目的狀語從句中：一些表目的的意義的短語如：inorderthat,sothat,forfearthat,incase等，其從句的謂語動詞多為虛擬語氣“should/might/can/could/would+do”的形式Wespokeinwhispersforfearthatwemightwaketheguards.5.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動詞原形Itisimportantthatwe

(should)master

aforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatshe

refuse

tocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatwe

shouldstudy

hard.6.某些簡單句的固定句型：Heaven

help

him!God

bless

you!May

yousucceed!Long

livethePeople’sRepublicofChina!1.Wewouldratherourdaughter______athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.(2014陜西)A.wouldstayB.hasstayedC.stayedD.stay2._____themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.(2014天津)A.DidhecatchB.shouldbecatchC.hashecaughtD.Hadhecaught

QuizI:Multiplechoice.3._________ceaseadvertising,priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced.

A.Weretheyto

B.Couldthey

C.Ifthey

D.Wouldthey4.Mysuggestionisthatshe________moreexercise,whichwilldoalotofgoodtoher.A.takesB.musttakeC.takeD.took5.Ifhe_______myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.(2010湖南)A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow6.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_____moreonitsculture.(2010江蘇)A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused7.Ifwe______theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.(2010陜西)A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken8.－Johnwenttothehospitalalone.－Ifhe_______meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.(2010天津)A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold9.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy______.(2010浙江)A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved10.I______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.(2011陜西)A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone11.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey______alwayslate.(2011北京)A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen12.MaybeifI_____science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.(2011北京)A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying13.Ifmycar_____morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.(2012陜西)A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe14.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI_____time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.(2012湖南)A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had15.Ifwe_____adequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.(2012山東)A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.didn’tmakeD.hadn’tmadeMy

deskmateadmiresmyfluentEnglishvery

much

and

I

usually

feel

___________(encourage)

by

his

compliments.

One

day,

_________we

learned

the

new

word

“eccentric”

in

class,

we

__________

(ask)tomakeasentencewith

it.Ivolunteeredtodo

it

by

saying

“My

deskmate

is

an

eccentric

boy

________

clothes

never

fit

him.”

Hearingthis,

the

whole

class

burstinto__________(laugh)

and

my

deskmate’s

face

turned

red.

QuizII:Fillintheblanksencouragedwhenwere

askedwhoselaughter________

class,

I

learned

from

the

teacher

that

my

deskmate

__________________

(drop)

out

ofschool