美國文學-UnitBFranklin課件

SelectedReadings

in

AmericanLiterature

Unit1

瞥六磐逞廖哩邊魚荔旅猩駒串嚷莎娟尉笑統(tǒng)駁始啞諱芽螟鄖拐拉氧雅益詠美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinSelectedReadings

inAmeri1

BanjanminFranklin(1706-1790)theAutobiography(excerpt)娛償溯撞訊陀秸燼道給慶捕貓暮喚憋閹川形俘留蛙烈言巷昂曾濃舔勤靛砸美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinBanjanminFranklin娛償溯撞訊陀秸燼道給2

Theliteratureof

ReasonandRevolution

“TheAgeofReason”“AmericanEnlightenment”同箭孰繭兔埋舅霓剁吵屜擦剃范始湊禮棉冕嬸龐自山十姐封忠樣顫后醛此美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin

Theliteratureof

Reason3History:AmericanRevolutionConflictsbetweenAmericaandBritain

oversettlements,government,taxesEconomically:

Br.preventedAm.EconomicdevelopmentExportrawmaterials,importfinishedgoodsPolitically:

stateinsteadofcolony;taxes,norepresentativeinParliament季克亭箍膨艘蕭溫晨轍爪輸薦吁降腮頂賣注仰狼扭查展游貯屏爍舍殿獨捉美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinHistory:AmericanRevolutionCo4

Resultsoftheconflicts1775,Lexington,beginningoftheIndependenceWar1776,ThomasJefferson,DeclarationofIndependence1778,alliancewithFrance,turningpointforAmericanarmy1778,Englisharmysurrendered1783,formalrecognitionfromBritaingovernmentTheAmericanWarofIndependencelasted8yearsfrom1775-1783虹炬餾晶盲褐跑視眾榜管卷敬咕遙挺來霞萊癬傣糜倡撻擺言江曹吭慷喪桿美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinResultsoftheconflicts虹炬餾晶盲5Literarymovement:EnlightenmentThemilitaryvictoryformedstrongnationalistichopesforagreatnewliterature.CallforAmerica’sindependenceinliterature

“Americamustbeasindependentassheisinpolitics,asfamousfortheartsasforarms”

In1783,NoahWebster懷犢頤撮曉屠碉談枚桓煩圖彈擇洶咖踏輥峙掇莽慰垮迷旬推矽憨埋封鹿直美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinLiterarymovement:Enlightenme6十八世紀的兩種思維模式：1.牛頓提出運動定律和萬有引力學說，宇宙受一定的自然法則約束，而不受上帝控制，由此產(chǎn)生了自然神論。自然神論者認為上帝確實創(chuàng)造了宇宙萬物，但上帝使萬物遵循自然法則而存在。因此，崇敬上帝的最好方法就是研究上帝的作品—人類和自然界，并為人類做善事。富蘭克林是這一思想的代言人。2.加爾文教的觀點：萬能的上帝會救贖人類，人類所作的就是崇敬上帝。愛德華是美國呼吁加爾文教的最后一人。ThespirituallifeinthecoloniesduringtheperiodwastoagreatdegreemoldedbythebourgeoisEnlightenment.有債私棺鬼盆腐贓往暢缽吭發(fā)翻炭揀沫渺添增寡純伙費堵宗墻皖茨軸傳姻美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin十八世紀的兩種思維模式：有債私棺鬼盆腐贓往暢缽吭發(fā)翻炭揀沫渺7

AmericanEnlightenmenttheAgeofReasonandRevolutiontheAgeofRationality18thCenturyLiteraturetheAgeofAmericanEnlightenment

(1)Originated

inEuropeinthe17thcenturyThespirituallifeinthecoloniesduringtheperiodwastoagreatdegreemoldedbythebourgeoisEnlightenment.冗瑟軟華草濰燎憂拭編隱艱萎聯(lián)誹付簇體撐閘臆極釩圣株報夠慧掘教靜在美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinAmericanEnlightenment冗瑟軟華草濰燎8(2)Sources:Newton’stheory;

牛頓提出運動定律和萬有引力學說Newton'slawsofmotionandtheoryofgravity，宇宙受一定的自然法則約束，而不受上帝控制，由此產(chǎn)生了自然神論。deism（自然神教派);

Deist自然神論者認為上帝確實創(chuàng)造了宇宙萬物，但上帝使萬物遵循自然法則而存在。因此，崇敬上帝的最好方法就是研究上帝的作品—人類和自然界，并為人類做善事。富蘭克林是這一思想的代言人。Godcreatedeverythingandletitgo.Itisuptothehumanbeingsthemselvestotakecareofthemselvesandtoruntheworld.Inordertogetoninthisworld,onehastobeindustrious,frugalandprudent.Frenchphilosophy(Rousseau,Voltaire)劣嘴稅己立蟹蝕琴悶等垃鉆華慷蔽樞豌瘦俄眷麻傻婁寨繪作蔽肪瘧曝熄跟美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin(2)Sources:劣嘴稅己立蟹蝕琴悶等垃鉆華慷蔽樞豌9(3)Basicprinciples:the18th-centryAmericanEnlightenment

wasamovementmarkedbyanemphasisonrationality

ratherthantradition,

scientificinquiry

insteadof

unquestioningreligiousdogma,andrepresentativegovernment

inplaceofmonarchy.

Enlightenmentthinkersandwritersweredevotedtotheidealsofjustice,liberty,andequality

ashenaturalrightsofman.井檸霹拎崩蟄瞄徑抖戰(zhàn)尼篩穆楚洪芭賠銥訖攘冀浙耪驗欣琳調(diào)拎墓鹵咽籃美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin(3)Basicprinciples:井檸霹拎崩蟄瞄徑10

For:

Freedom,DemocracyandReasonAgainst:

Tyranny,Intolerance不容異說

andSuperstition瞄制架信停眠紊簧飾篷迭揖面裁凝襲一潘蹄贛唾賤蠕僻樣辛當難贊宰剖隅美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinFor:瞄制架信停眠紊簧飾篷迭揖面裁凝襲一11II.Enlightenment(4)Significance:acceleratingsocialprogress;(education)freeingpeoplefrom

thelimitationssetbyprevailingPuritanism;makingspiritualpreparation

forAmericanRevolutionPuritanism:Godisall,andmanisnothing.Denyman’snatureandpower;predestinedbyGod;seemanasasinfulfailureIn18thcenturypeoplebelievedinman’sownnatureandpower.mancouldimprovehimself;wanttocreateahappysocietybasedonjusticeandfreedom頰酬預(yù)時蓉撞西鐵睦拂剿管貢屑攀捏輿奎婁驗使終愿肇判市合鎮(zhèn)繼沛鼓砂美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinII.EnlightenmentPuritanism:G12TheDeclarationofIndependenceThefollowingstatementshavebecomeworld-famoussincethen:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.

我們認為下面這些真理是不言而喻的：造物者創(chuàng)造了平等的個人，并賦予他們?nèi)舾刹豢蓜儕Z的權(quán)利，其中包括生命權(quán)、自由權(quán)和追求幸福的權(quán)利。超緝佩錳們駭尼獺旱停稀擾鴕省墨嘔入渺燥岔俺別柜拒陀芒邵咖涅勁參漳美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinTheDeclarationofIndependenc13AmericanEnlightenment(5)InfluenceonliteratureInform:imitatingEnglishclassicwritersremainderivativeanddependentIncontent:utilitariantendency功利主義(forpoliticaloreducationalpurpose

Politicalpurpose：Journals,speeches,pamphlets,broadsides,declaration（shapethenation’sbeliefwithreasons）Aphorisms格言,almanac,letterspublicandprivate引裸個橙而柏祖厄釘糊扔漱狼積樓鴕罐指擂里摟意汝沖舷窯果屠妓混醛肢美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinAmericanEnlightenment(5)Inf14吠嬌絮孿惹耪他寇賈伏楓患攢怔聚該存沫靈賊甭另臉事策氓獄醞乏臘盅諜美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin吠嬌絮孿惹耪他寇賈伏楓患攢怔聚該存沫靈賊甭另臉事策氓獄醞乏臘15LeadingwritersandtheirworksThomasJefferson(1743-1826):

TheDeclarationofIndependence(1776)ThomasPaine(1737-1809):

CommonSense(1776)

BenjaminFranklin: Autobiography

PhilipFreneau: “TheWildHoneySuckle”乎灤竹鍛創(chuàng)拾邢飼單欲辭囚罷妊籬皇酪肩旬肺陪氰亦嫡或駝礬金賈悶恨怖美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinLeadingwritersandtheirwork161.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)斬突幅訖儀燎蓄崩隸乖般構(gòu)誹粱贖劊使眼燥坷艱穗網(wǎng)蔽暖執(zhí)佬嫉滋充幕建美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin1.BenjaminFranklin(1706-17917BenjaminFranklinTheAutobiography錳布尋熙煙軋勢興誰圍藩陪臨袁聶傈講碟哺竟馬鞋漠戒魯姐念材章遜管巋美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinBenjaminFranklinTheAutobiogr18PortraitsMezzotintofFranklin,Cochin/St.Aubin,1777PortraitofFranklinbyDavidMartin,1766柄飾厚可蝸擾黃方捍山沏卵撮般垃幫荔癡抿論絮閘羔從對駐磚坷沫疚燕鞭美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinPortraitsMezzotintofFranklin19BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)HewasthesymbolofAmericaintheAgeofEnlightenment(AgeofReason).Hebroughtthecolonialeratoaclose.AmandefiningAmericanthinking;hisAutobiography,abookofAm.Dream“Ifyouwouldnotbeforgottenassoonasyouaredead&rotten,eitherwritethingsworthreading,ordothingsworththewriting.”沏歧凌品禾周減潘蟻靶磅擔搞酮匙柳埔撂片澳挨定教卡餐棺底竭圃沛八多美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinBenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)20他對科學的貢獻不僅在靜電學方面，他研究范圍極廣。在數(shù)學上，他創(chuàng)造了8次和16次幻方，這兩個幻方性質(zhì)特殊，變化復(fù)雜，至今仍為學者稱道。熱學方面，他改良了取暖的爐子，能夠節(jié)省四分之三的燃料。光學方面，他發(fā)明了老年人用的雙焦距眼鏡，即能看清楚近處又能看清楚遠處的事物。他先后掌握了法文，意大利文，西班牙文及拉丁文。他是美國第一位學者，第一位哲學家，第一位駐外大使。他發(fā)明了口琴，搖椅，路燈，避雷針。發(fā)現(xiàn)了墨西哥灣的海流。四次當選賓夕法尼亞州州長。制定了新聞傳播法。最先繪制暴風雨推移圖。發(fā)現(xiàn)人們呼出氣體的有害性。最先解釋清楚北極光。被稱為近代牙科醫(yī)術(shù)之父。最先組織了消防廳。創(chuàng)立了近代的郵信制度。創(chuàng)立了議員的近代選舉法。發(fā)現(xiàn)了感冒的原因。發(fā)明了顆粒肥料。設(shè)計出夏天穿的白色亞麻服裝，設(shè)計了最早的游泳眼鏡和蛙蹼。此外，他對氣象、地質(zhì)、聲學及海洋航行等方面都有研究，并取得了不少成就。釩六賂贛示診煌毅子毅當廬肖幟劇孕干曬毋灶滿孔癌封楓菲繕搖私等活孵美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin他對科學的貢獻不僅在靜電學方面，他研究范圍極廣。在數(shù)學上，他21I.LifeHewasajackofalltrades;Tohavegoldentouch“Masterofeachandmasteredbynone”SuccessfulbusinessmanBorninapoorcandlemaker’sfamilyinBostonandhadnoregulareducation;

Becameanapprenticetoaprinterwhenhewas12;

Aneditorofanewspaperandpublishedlotsofessayswhenhewas16;HewenttoPhiladelphiawhenhewas17andbecamea

successfulprinterandpublisher;

Wealthyat42,devoterestoflifetoscience,literature,diplomacyThebodyofBenjaminFranklin,Printer,lieshere,foodforworms,buttheworkshallnotbelost,foritwillappearoncemoreinanewandmoreelegantedition,revisedandcorrectedbyAuthor.

Epitaph墓志銘onHimself(composedin1728)堡搽簍漁密謬艇隨殲操金淆歌寓坪局游奔控賽切承沉障異纜勒匠供傾厄兜美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinI.LifeHewasajackofalltr22BenjaminFranklincamefromaCalvinistbackground.Hewasbornintoapoorcandle-maker’sfamily.Hehadverylittleeducation.Helearnedinschoolonlyfortwoyears,buthewasavoraciousreader.At12,hewasapprenticedtohiselderhalf-brother,aprinter.At16,hebegantopublishessaysunderthepseudonym“SilenceDogood”.At17,heranawaytoPhiladelphiatomakehisownfortune.Hesethimselfupasanindependentprinterandpublisher.In1727hefoundedtheJuntoclub.串姆共魯范譴猶腐蹭貪公倍嵌講禍瞳地趣刊庸垢淋拉糯戀梯鞘怠椿省押院美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinBenjaminFranklincamefroma23Franklin’sContributionstoSocietyHumanitarianAmericanfirstcirculatinglibraryFoundUniversityofPennsylvaniaPostmasterofPhiladelphiaPhiladelphiahospitalPennsylvaniamilitia

Servinggodbestistocontributeyourtalenttothepeopleandcommunity擊徹捌藉波幫渭玉訝惰隱犢雕步蚌繡襟副慣濾籮伎判龍稿溢唐炯伍窗餞童美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinFranklin’sContributionstoSo24Franklin’sContributionstoScienceAscientistwithlotsofinventionsandafamousexperiment(kite,electricity,thunderstorm);firstappliedtheterms“positive”and“negative”toelectricalcharges.effectivestreetlighting,theFranklinstove,bifocalglassesandefficientheatingdevices.“thenewPrometheuswhohadstolenfirefromheaven.”andgiveitbacktohumans患捏層缺浙急孫陷廓春飽傍鎳勞平慈織憊罷酉粹玄吵區(qū)資頭仗炊褐經(jīng)畫溶美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinFranklin’sContributionstoSc25Franklin’sContributionstotheU.S.astatesman,diplomat,negotiatorHeconductedthedifficultnegotiationswithFrancethatbroughtfinancialandmilitarysupportforAmericainthewar.HewastheonlyAmericantosignthefourdocumentsthatcreatedtheUnitedStates:TheDeclarationofIndependence,TheTreatyofAlliancewithFrance,TheTreatyofPeacewithEngland,TheConstitutionAmanofelasticityandsuppleness;viewfromdifferentangles;notsayItoooften;createastormofattentionesp.amongwomen若贛弦神崗讀梗丫轎貓乞孟表濁風俘潮看芝低陽翱奸追庭享視蟲冷獰糯頌美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinFranklin’sContributionstoth26《自傳》《格言歷書》(4)awriter1.Works

TheAutobiography

PoorRichard’sAlmanacAnembodimentofthe“AmericanDream”

臘害紹交健哼詢泛墟汰幟接侈懈瓢遮剛援鎳醛絳螺磺愿哦鵝腦膜唁鑄雪捅美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin《自傳》《格言歷書》(4)awriterTheAu27II.LiterarycareerAsanauthorhehadpowerofexpression.Hisworksarewell-knownfortheirsimplicity,subtlehumorandbeingsarcastic.

1.Representativeworks(1)PoorRichard’sAlmanac

Modeledonfarmers’annualcalendar;keptpublishingformanyyears;includesmanyclassicalsayings,suchas:“Apennysavedisapennyearned.”GodhelpthosewhohelpthemselvesHonestyisthebestpolicy

齒祿攻誤躥撈臟橫馱嘆礙催攙緘周痕渭戚折拔祿術(shù)丹窗祿夠救兒澎該忘暈美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinII.LiterarycareerAsanautho28Whoisrich?Hethatiscontent.Whoisthat?Nobody.Threemaykeepasecret,iftwoofthemaredead.Ifyouwouldpersuade,youmustappealtointerestratherthanintellect.Youmaydelay,buttimewillnot.Searchothersfortheirvirtues,thyselfforthyvices.Contentmakespoormenrich;discontentmentmakesrichmenpoor.Energyandpersistenceconquerallthings.At20yearsofagethewillreigns,at30thewit,at40thejudgment.Glass,china,andreputationareeasilycracked,andneverwellmended.眷僳躥同歐彥麓濘萎堅傈毫竄瘡壘拖靜趴鞠拆奴銅撲每撼融實襯屏耐呢條美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinWhoisrich?Hethatisconten29II.Literarycareer(2)TheAutobiography

Writtenwhenhewas65

AnintroductionofhislifetohisownsonIncludingfourpartswrittenindifferenttimes

Thefirstsuccessstory

ofself-madeAmericans;stillreadtoday;Firstgreatexample.

Rags-to-richesstory.ApictureofhisearlylifeandstruggleMakeautobiographyagenre.

寐競實使懲都宮線峨喲杯詢嘲巍自晉匡傻炒圣帕牟搽瞪騎戒絳頤拇斷賃盒美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinII.Literarycareer(2)TheAut30InTheAutobiographywewillbeabletonotice:1)Puritanism’sinfluence,suchasself-examinationandself-improvementahow-to-do-itbook

(timetable,thirteenvirtues,lifestyle)Hardworkwasanethic,asteptowardsalvation;2)Enlightenmentspirits

(man’snatureisgood,rightsofliberty,virtuesinclude“order”)asuccessstoryofself-reliance,thefulfillmentoftheAmericandream.

黨悠彌迄碉蒜絨辰崩漣觀劊止唆悲潤嘗豺渝鍘耗球馴誤打陋斧盒幀煉余札美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinInTheAutobiographywewillb313)Style:fresh，simple,clearinorder,direct,vivid,truetolife,conciseandhumorous,utilitarian,witty,satirical,fair,notdullandamusing(“Nothingshouldbeexpressedintwowordsthatcanaswellbeexpressedinone.”)

(Puritanism’sinfluence);文筆清新流暢，敘述生動真實，充滿時代氣息，保留清教純樸，簡潔和精準的特點

軌蓉塹瀾渴域蹦搽廟偉誦庶臥賊諱底淪桑票禍擄涕鈣倫蟄挺早誨締薛佳班美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin3)Style:軌蓉塹瀾渴域蹦搽廟偉誦庶臥賊諱底淪桑票禍32The

Autobiographyisarecordofself-examinationandself-improvement.BenjaminFranklinwasaspokesmanfortheneworderofthe18thcenturyenlightenmentThe

Autobiographyisahow-to-do-itbook,abookontheartofself-improvement.(forexample,Franklin’s13virtues)3.Evaluation渴瑞奄趾圣共蕭村夜份蒲誼芹撲竅跑蝸紛呂屹西唾糞胳菲皮稍襟騎憾斃吮美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinTheAutobiographyisarecord33

Throughtellingasuccessstoryofself-reliance,thebookcelebrates,infact,thefulfillmentoftheAmericandream.TheAutobiographyisinthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision.內(nèi)蘭逃貉鐳愚魏泅塊罕招壯毒拜槽品怪匙瑚齒單搔梳唇姑壓寡哈卻燈嫩陵美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinThroughtellingasuccessst34TheAutobiography

ofBenjaminFranklin

4parts,1771,1784,1788and1790respectively.--Franklin’sideawasbasicallyPuritan.--FranklinbelievedinDeism.自然神論,自然神教派(信上帝之存在及創(chuàng)世界,但對其所創(chuàng)造的世界及世人未加以支配)--style:simple,directandconcise.--ItcelebratesthefulfillmentoftheAmericandream.酚握著鐳屬購笆毆龍托孝爐仲墑瓦眩鱗炔吠鉚湍龐氦贛逐徽蓬喊遲擾吸選美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinTheAutobiography

ofBenj35Deism&Enlightenment

Puritan&PragmaticDeism（自然神論）:thedoctrineorcreedofaDeist,onewhobelievesintheexistenceofaGodorsupremebeingbutdeniesrevealedreligion,basinghisbeliefonthelightofnatureandreason.(thebasisofDeism)繃切關(guān)矛毯賀蝗搜擬垣宅茲疲渭盆凸悠晉灣顏普糕撾擬埋嚎歪擊井盞汛曲美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinDeism&Enlightenment

36--ascientificschemeofself-improvement

--Apragmaticscientist,Franklinputtheideaofperfectibilitytothetest,usinghimselfastheexperimentalsubject.

--Theprojectofself-improvementblendstheEnlightenmentbeliefinperfectibilitywiththePuritanhabitofmoral-scrutiny.

Puritan&Pragmatic擰縮插詳伊潑曰栓魔燕們拇慈秦羨吐止剁羨蠕蠶屢釣癌埋惕決顱孟限黨追美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin--ascientificschemeofself37TheDual-roleofTheAutobiography1. arecordofself-examinationandself-improvement(self-betterment)2. apracticalguidetotheyoungpeoplewhowishtobesuccessfulinAmerica--aninspiringaccountofapoorboy’sriseonthesocialladderthroughluck,pluckanddecency--acelebrationofthefulfillmentoftheAmericanDream(risingfromragstoriches,povertytoprosperity)卻擂跌惑連叁窄駁老爹喳抓息杭腰企牡西穆忠祁擠惶仿勒館播睫噶耀漱蓖美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinTheDual-roleofTheAutobiogr38ProseStyleandLanguage--B.Franklinadvicesthatweshould“writewiththelearned.Pronouncewiththevulgar.”anduse“aclose,naked,naturalwayofspeaking;positiveexpression,clearsenses,anativeeasiness,bringallthingsasnearasmathematicalplainnessastheycan.”--asupple,simple,directandconciseprosestylewithaformallanguage奇緬警胎刨卡設(shè)衛(wèi)仰踴網(wǎng)興耀攤釀抑橡蘇痔贅頁賜使八茄葷寸哇柵腋琳賠美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinProseStyleandLanguage--B.39Somewisesayingsbythewiseman:

Beciviltoall;sociabletomany;familiarwithfew;friendtoone;enemytonone.Drivethybusinessoritwilldrivethee.Hethatisoftheopinionmoneywilldoeverythingmaywellbesuspectedofdoingeverythingformoney.駁啞蚜闡綸紊饅遇開憫炕覓剿簇要捐旁盲疙騰尉廚詫水題總銘汝頭蹦刮綽美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinSomewisesayingsbythewise40Somewisesayingsbythewiseman:

IamastrongbelieverinluckandIfindtheharderIworkthemoreIhaveofit.Neverleavethattilltomorrowwhichyoucandotoday.Searchothersfortheirvirtues,thyselfforthyvices.埂憎埋特礦撣吩叛吸盈粹鶴這鍵慰炕稿甩躁損啄黑性潛擻曬鰓涸涂卒沛效美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinSomewisesayingsbythewise41Somewisesayingsbythewiseman:

Welldoneisbetterthanwellsaid.Threemaykeepasecret,iftwoofthemaredead.Youmaydelay,buttimewillnot.Creditorshavebettermemoriesthandebtors.民宜椅屈唬躲擂文喘歡爽矢卯鉀哮脊譴貸水汲轍自顯川期是侖灸粉奏二妨美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinSomewisesayingsbythewise42富蘭克林十三條箴言1節(jié)制[Temperance]

Eatnottodullnessanddrinknottoelevation.

食不可飽，飲不可醉。

2少言[Silence]

Speaknotbutwhatmaybenefitothersoryourself.Avoidtriflingconversation.

言必有益，避免閑聊。

3秩序[Order]

Letallyourthingshavetheirplaces.Leteachpartofyourbusinesshaveitstime.

物歸期所，事定期限。晚混渤久在劣欣餡錘掐偏隸處滲孺鴨汕婉壯殼餓蜒嫉胸悍擋滓帝痙刷粕尾美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin富蘭克林十三條箴言1節(jié)制[Temperance]

43

4決心[Resolution]

Resolvetoperformwhatyouought.Performwithoutfailwhatyouresolve.

當做必做，持之以恒。

5節(jié)儉[Frugality]

Makenoexpensebuttodogoodtoothersoryourself:i.e.Wastenothing.

當花費才花費，不可浪費。6勤儉[Industry]

Losenotime.Bealwaysemployedinsomethinguseful.Cutoffallunnecessaryactions.珍惜光明，做有用的事。襲尤灑甚爺堰圾汪氦拭禽華猾面拿彥遞捅腳卓確揀掏繳捻我紋黔央迪劉啃美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin4決心[Resolution]

Reso44

7坦誠[Sincerity]

Usenohurtfuldeceit.Thinkinnocentlyandjustly;and,ifyouspeak,speakaccordingly.

真誠待人，言行一致。8公正[Justice]

Wrongnone,bydoinginjuriesoromittingthebenefitsthatareyourduty.

害人之時不可做，利人之事多履行。9中庸[Moderation]

Avoidextremes.Forebearresentinginjuriessomuchasyouthinktheydeserve.

不走極端，容忍為上。吉能剛乞怖溫剿快圍光瓤宙藏接瓜鑿鴦炮浙國呼律識釁覽吐殊札店勤耿日美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin7坦誠[Sincerity]

Useno45

10整潔[Cleanliness]

Toleratenouncleannessinbody,clothesorhabitation.

衣著整潔，居所干凈。11心態(tài)[Tranquility]

Benotdisturbedattrifles,orataccidentscommonorunavoidable.

臨危不亂，處亂不驚坤撓澡謠鴉齡延稠囂釣握碑誘冒帝譚忽擺毯冪綿拍翰蒂髓屑愉序琢閃燴緣美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin10整潔[Cleanliness]

Tole46

12節(jié)欲[Chastity]

Rarelyusevenerybutforhealthoroffspring;Nevertodullness,weakness,ortheinjuryofyourownoranother‘speaceorreputation.

愛惜身體，延年益智。13謙遜[Humility]

ImitateJesusandSocrates.

以耶穌、蘇格拉底為范締戒翌侄蟹絳軀號技魚郭懦俞葛距絕烙痕揩羅軸驅(qū)姻鵬墑癡也膊船邪痊耶美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin12節(jié)欲[Chastity]

Rarely47Questions

1.WhydidFranklinwritehisAutobiography?

Hewantedtotellhissonaboutthelifeofhisancestorsandhisownexperiencesasawell-establishedfatherinthehopethattheymightbenefithissonforahealthygrowth.孵挑潞憤搗娩采銷裹盟婚掙裕均宰毅壯略軒承事顛令昂馳警故骨豬濁苑握美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinQuestions

1.WhydidFranklin48

2.WhatmadeFranklindecidetoleavethebrothertowhomhehadbeenapprenticed?

Hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.Theaversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktohimthroughhiswholelife.Afterabrushwiththelaw,Franklinlefthisbrother.

拜來發(fā)釋僳斌御仆搞棱暇般緝證鑲狄瑞雹乎炊搪芹妹脆蔬諷哥奏攝瑩壁它美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin2.WhatmadeFranklindecidet49

3.HowdidhearriveinPhiladephia?

FirsthesetoutinaboatforAmboy,theboatdroppedhimoffabout50milesfromBurlington,thenextdayhereachedBurlingtononfoot,inBurlingtonhefoundaboatwhichwasgoingtowardsPhiladelphia,hearrivedthereabouteightornineo’clock,ontheSundaymorningandlandedattheMarketStreetwharf.

筷萬錐導(dǎo)育哮曬漏藹鴉搞掠證恰洲惹親晦鈔火莽焊刪香爵漓客潔疾御十蕉美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin3.HowdidhearriveinPhilad50

4.Whatfeaturesdoyoufindinthestyleoftheaboveselection?

Thisselectionischaracterizedbythestylethatisanautobiographical,lessformal,intimatelyinstructivenarrative.ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision(言簡意賅).Thenarrativeislucid(易懂的),thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely(樸素的).瞇護雜附潛濁湍國綴楷木撿銥駒挨藩壽袋敞犀賣袱沃贅螟磋怪鹵啡紛哆輝美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin4.Whatfeaturesdoyoufindi51

1)ItisatTwyfordthatFranklinwrotethefirstpartofhisAutobiography.RepresentingaculturethatFranklinwasfondof,Twyfordwasasmalltownnear________.A)NewYork

B)London

C)Paris

D)Chicago

參考答案b顆漸阻最玄襲戀愚候掃紅礙冠僅毫妨停夜揍馱右啄食躬環(huán)穗酶漬境忻簍韌美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin

1)ItisatTwyfordthatFran52

2)BeforeFranklinraisedhimselftoastateofaffluenceandapoliticalcelebrityinhiscountry,hepassedhisearliestyearsin________.

A)awealthyfamily

B)goodeducation

C)London

D)neediness

參考答案d估銜燥帖骸匆述剃洱耪妒扳微紐熊旨淘袒淵二柜鉑猖選宅鐳鑰慶吉汪晦遁美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin2)BeforeFranklinraisedhim53

3)Unlikemostpeoplewhodislikevanity,Franklinsayshewouldgiveitfairquarterbecausehebelievesthatvanitymay________.

A)makeamanself-content

B)representdivinearrangementforasuccessfulman

C)bringaboutgoodtoallpeople

D)getridofhumanself-abasement

參考答案d興廊杰艘氮蜂雄樓糠娶勢蟻不雨悅稠匝塹享蕪漂膳補午丸椎綸腥泅晶王汝美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin3)Unlikemostpeoplewhodis54

4)Franklinowedmuchtohisbrotherwhotrainedhimasanapprenticeprinter,butheeventuallydecidedtoleavehimwhenhe________.

A)thoughthehadlearnedenoughfromhismaster

B)couldseenoendtohisapprenticeshipandlowsalary

C)wantedtohavehisowndignityandrespect

D)couldgetabetterjobinanothercity

參考答案c鱉鞋干藥幸澆覺砷隊脆該九矚諸炯套松扯峰醒嚎嚇綴燎滿惕盼拎律督隴鴕美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin4)Franklinowedmuchtohis55

5)FranklinhadtosellsomeofhissmallpossessionstoraisealittlemoneyfortravelfeeandfoodonhiswaytoNewYork,inthehopethathemightbeemployedtherebyMr.Wm.Bradfordbutinvain.Thatiswhyhewentto________.

A)AquilaRose,amasterprinter,foremploymentandfurthertraining

B)PhiladelphiaasrecommendedbyMr.Wm.Bradford

C)PhiladelphiawherehewouldbeemployedbyaDutchprinter

D)theGovernor,Geo.Keithforhelp

參考答案b泵薪狽褐銘列屯離漠卑筐郊吮若玲者膨俱撂滔娜脫毒虱彌瀑沂勘把銳擅措美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin5)Franklinhadtosellsome56

6)ToFranklin,JohnBunyan'sPilgrim'sProgressishisfavoriteatleastinchildhoodifnotforallhislife,andtheappealandvalueofthisallegoryliesin________.

A)thatitsauthorcouldtellthestoriesofgospelinanappealingwayofnarrative

B)itspopularityasthebookthathasbeentranslatedintomostofthelanguagesofEuropeandmoregenerallyreadthananyotherbookexcepttheBible;

C)thatJohnBunyanasitsauthorisamoralperfectionist

D)thatJohnBunyanasitsauthorisanhonestbelieverofChristianity

參考答案b尊維汗陰墓售澈郴姜博杖要爹相猿針青彬旭暗泊裹羽櫥錦龔譴茸稗準貌準美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin6)ToFranklin,JohnBunyan's57

7)Itisin________thatFranklinmetwithMr.Read,whowouldbecomehisfather-in-lawinthenearfuture.

A)Boston

B)Burlington

C)Cooper‘sCreek

D)MarketStreet

參考答案d瓣煮翠莖烙墅籌的奈荔悼歇虜索因耶機門倦拌感房仙巢慷疆址殊竹厲鄙吩美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin7)Itisin________thatFra58

8)TheQuakerreferstothepeoplewho________.

A)cametoAmericaasoneoftheearliestimmigrantsfromAsia

B)werekindtoFranklinwhenhehaddifficultyinlife

C)weremembersoftheSocietyofFriendsthatwasfoundedbyGeorgeFoxinEngland

D)wereexperiencedprintersinPhiladelphia

參考答案b宴腮星鞘拓栗驅(qū)窟掄酒迄鋇著午葡駁槍聘誦釬競謗燦懲畢仰肆陣棠杖紳臃美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin8)TheQuakerreferstothep59

9)Adoggerelversemeans________.

A)crudelyorirregularlywrittenverse,oftenofahumorousorburlesquenature

B)seriouslywrittenverse,oftenaboutareligioustheme

C)humorouslywrittenverse,butoftenwithoutrhyme

D)religiousverse,butoftenwithouttraditionalmetersandrhyme

參考答案a市十芥頒蘿受段譏蔥袍膩乏渾佬咯碗價駛硒演杠士牽畔怕幸幼兵稼延窖濟美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin9)Adoggerelversemeans___60

10)ToFranklin,DanielDefoe’sRobinsonCrusoeisapeerofRichardson’sPamelainmixingnarration,dialogue,andamethodofwritingveryengagingtothereader.

A)Yes

B)No

參考答案a糯祭拉柞紙苯摘短澆苔僧歐堅漚瓢姥筷禮哥蟬聶漳駕仲竿沉殿橋獅板青快美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin10)ToFranklin,DanielDefoe61名言

Diligenceisthemotherofgoodluck.

Beingignorantisnotsomuchashameasbeingunwillingtolearn.

Therearethreethingsextremelyhard:steel,adiamond,andtoknowone'sself.

Iftimebeofallthingsthemostprecious,wastingtimemustbethegreatestprodigality.則揭肖槐屬吏豺霉瑚證懷渝清之辰尖冀楞撻市草印樊姨底磺偶熾仲詐鈔沉美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin名言Diligenceisthemotherof62

theendThankyou儉比溝攣綢頒孵富蔭健煮概蔡尋意腕給剩羞雙羚租孵垃零鱗隱絞塑鵑揪擾美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin儉比溝攣綢頒孵富蔭健煮概蔡尋意腕給剩羞雙羚租孵垃零鱗隱絞塑鵑63SelectedReadings

in

AmericanLiterature

Unit1

瞥六磐逞廖哩邊魚荔旅猩駒串嚷莎娟尉笑統(tǒng)駁始啞諱芽螟鄖拐拉氧雅益詠美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinSelectedReadings

inAmeri64

BanjanminFranklin(1706-1790)theAutobiography(excerpt)娛償溯撞訊陀秸燼道給慶捕貓暮喚憋閹川形俘留蛙烈言巷昂曾濃舔勤靛砸美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinBanjanminFranklin娛償溯撞訊陀秸燼道給65

Theliteratureof

ReasonandRevolution

“TheAgeofReason”“AmericanEnlightenment”同箭孰繭兔埋舅霓剁吵屜擦剃范始湊禮棉冕嬸龐自山十姐封忠樣顫后醛此美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklin

Theliteratureof

Reason66History:AmericanRevolutionConflictsbetweenAmericaandBritain

oversettlements,government,taxesEconomically:

Br.preventedAm.EconomicdevelopmentExportrawmaterials,importfinishedgoodsPolitically:

stateinsteadofcolony;taxes,norepresentativeinParliament季克亭箍膨艘蕭溫晨轍爪輸薦吁降腮頂賣注仰狼扭查展游貯屏爍舍殿獨捉美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinHistory:AmericanRevolutionCo67

Resultsoftheconflicts1775,Lexington,beginningoftheIndependenceWar1776,ThomasJefferson,DeclarationofIndependence1778,alliancewithFrance,turningpointforAmericanarmy1778,Englisharmysurrendered1783,formalrecognitionfromBritaingovernmentTheAmericanWarofIndependencelasted8yearsfrom1775-1783虹炬餾晶盲褐跑視眾榜管卷敬咕遙挺來霞萊癬傣糜倡撻擺言江曹吭慷喪桿美國文學UnitBFranklin美國文學UnitBFranklinResultsoftheconflicts虹炬餾晶盲68Literarymovement:EnlightenmentThemilitaryvictoryformedstrongnationalistichopesforagreatnewliterature.CallforAmerica’sindependenceinliterature

“Americamustbeasindependentassheisinp