最新2022高三英語一模-虹口區(qū)解析

2022虹口區(qū)高三一模英語試卷（考試時間120分鐘，滿分140分。請將答案填寫在答題紙上）ListeningComprehensionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Colleagues. B.Classmates. C.Motherandson. D.Employerandemployee.A.Sheisnotfeelingverywelltoday.Shethinksthattheweatherispleasant.Shehasbeenstayingupquitelaterecently.Shehasbeenworkinghardfortoolongatime.A.Lucyisnothappywiththebanonpetanimals.Lucymightaswellsendherdogtoherrelative.Lucywon’tbeabletokeepadoginthebuilding.Lucyshouldgetridofherpetassoonaspossible.A.Heislikelytohelp.Hehasalreadyaskedforhelp.Hewasthelastonetousethecomputer.Hedoesnotknowalotaboutcomputers.A.Hewillcontinuetoworkinthegardenhimself.Theyshouldfinishtheworkassoonaspossible.Heistiredofdoinggardeningonweekends.Theycanhireagardenertodothework.A.Theywillraisetheissueintheirpresentation.Theywillfindmorerelevantinformationfortheirwork.Theywillmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.Theywillputmoreeffortsintopreparingforthepresentation.A.Hedidnottakethesymptomsofhisillnessseriously.Hewasnotawareofhisillnessuntildiagnosedwithit.Heisanxioustofindacureforhishighbloodpressure.Hedoesn’tthinkhighbloodpressureisaproblemforhim.A.Dr.Johnsonmaynotbeagoodchoice.Dr.Johnson’swaitingroomisnottidy.Dr.Johnsonenjoysreadingmagazines.Dr.Johnsonisreallyagooddentist.A.Itisn’tagoodideatobuytheT-shirt.TheprintingonherT-shirthasfaded.Itisn’tinfashiontohavealogoonaT-shirt.SheregretshavingboughtoneoftheT-shirts.A.Hehasbeenbumpingalongforhours.Heistrappedinaterribletrafficjam.Heisinvolvedinaseriousaccident.Hehasgotasharppainintheneck.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassageandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassageandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Realartistworksinthepast.Popularityofsecondhandbooks.Arealbargaininlocalbookstores.Anewfashionaboutsecondhandgoods.A.Theymadefurniturenotformakingmoney.Theysellsecondhandjewelsaswellasfurniture.Theywereseriousaboutmakingfurnitureforfashion.Theydevotedthemselvestocreatingrealartisticworks.A.Peopleappreciatetherealcraftsoftheoldcraftsmen.Secondhandgoodsareusuallygoodyetnotexpensive.Secondhandstoreswillbecomelessandlessinthefuture.Secondhandgoodsaremorevaluablethanapartmenthouses.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.inapopularanimation.appindigitalgames.Ateachingtoolunderdevelopment.Atutorforcomputersciencestudents.A.Theyencouragethemtogiveimmediatefeedback.Theyusevariouswaystoexplainthematerials.Theyaskthemtodesigntheirownquestions.Theymotivatethemtothinkindependently.A.Theirsenseofresponsibility.Theiremotionalinvolvement.Thelearningstrategyacquired.Theteachingexperiencegained.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Theyarebothworriedaboutthenegativeimpactoftechnology.Theydiffergreatlyintheirknowledgeofmoderntechnology.thefutureofAItechnology.fieldsofAItechnology.A.Stimulatingandmotivating.AIsoftware.Moredemandingandrequiringspecialtraining.Lesstime-consumingandfocusingoncreation.A.Therecouldbejobsnobodywantstodo.Digitallifecouldreplacehumancivilization.Humanswouldbetiredofcommunicatingwithoneanother.Oldpeoplewouldbetakencareofsolelybyunfeelingrobots.A.Itwillbesmarterthanhumanbeings.Caltogether.Lifewillbecomelikeasciencefictionfilm.ADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.SomethingtoBoastaboutAreyourinformationdatasafeandreliable?Inanidealworldsuchdata,howeverinformativeandexploratorytheyare,(21) ascientificstudyisbasedonshouldbe,ifnotpubliclyavailable,thenatleastavailabletootherresearchers.Sadly,thisisnotalwaysthecase.Manyscientistsarestillquiteunwillingtohavetheirdatarevealedthoughattitudesarechanging.Thisattitude,(22) selfish,isunderstandable.Butsometimesitcancoveradarkersecret.Thestatisticspresentedinapapermayhavebeencontrolledtoachieveadesiredresult.Theauthormay,inotherwords,havecheated.Ifhereleasesthedata,thatcheatingwillbeobvious.NowSeanWilnerandhiscolleagues(23)thatcouldhavegivenrisetothatresult,whichincludes(24)(CompleteRecoveryofValuesinDiophantineSystems).

(come)upwithawayofreconstructingallthepossibledatasetstheycallthewayCORVIDS(25) (simplify)thetaskofspottingabnormaldata,CORVIDSturnsthepossibledatasetsintoathree-dimensional(三維的)chart.Thismakesanyunusualpatternsapparent.Forexample,every(26) (reconstruct)datasetmaybemissingvaluesatoneendofthescale.Thatmightmakesenseoccasionally.Generally,though,suchagapwouldbearedflag.Itwouldsuggesteitherthatthestatisticswerereportedincorrectlyor(27) therewereproblemswiththefundamentaldata.CORVIDSislikelytobe(28) immediatevaluetoeditorsandreviewersatacademicjournals,whowillbeabletospotproblemswithpapersearly,andsodiscussthemwiththeauthors.Ifanunresolvableproblem(29) showup,thenthetechniquecanbeappliedtopreviousworkbytheauthorinquestion,toseeifanythingsystematicisgoingon.Butitsspeedmakesitausefulfirststep.Ifthedatasets(30) findsdonotshowanystrangepatterns,CORVIDSisunlikelytoshowoddness,either.Anyway,thetrustworthinessofscientificpaperswilltakeastepupwithCORVIDS.難度等級★★★☆☆21考察定語從句,such…as。句意為“在一個理想的世界里，這樣的數(shù)據(jù)，科學(xué)研究所基于的數(shù)據(jù)，即使不應(yīng)該公開，至少也應(yīng)該供其他研究人員使用?！?2though/although。句意為“這樣的態(tài)度，雖然自私，但可以理解”23havecome。表達“已經(jīng)”的概念。24releasing。23考察了本句的謂語動詞，includeing形式。25考察tosimplify。本句意為：“為簡化發(fā)現(xiàn)異常數(shù)據(jù)的任務(wù)”本空應(yīng)該填入不定simplify。26reconstructed。datasetreconstruct的邏輯主語，形成被動關(guān)系。done的形式。27thateither…orthat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。28beofvalue。類似結(jié)構(gòu)，beofgreatestimportance。29does?！叭绻_實出現(xiàn)無法解決的問題，表強調(diào)。30Corvid也不太可能顯示出來。詞語積累informativeandexploratory大量的和探究性的apparentadj.顯而易見的thisisnotalwaysthecase并非如此unresolvableproblem無法解決的問題patternn.模式，放視；范例；圖案spotv發(fā)現(xiàn)SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.genuinelyB.pocketC.mass-producedD.seeminglyE.inspirationF.familiarizeG.groupH.encounterI.customaryJ.symbolicK.motivationMeaningbehindSouvenirs“Nobodysitsusdownandtellsustocollectobjectswhenwe’reyoung,”writesRolfPotts,“it’sjustsomethingwedo,asawayto(31) ourselveswiththeworld,itspossibilities,andourplaceinit.”Fewofuswouldcallourselvescollectors,butmosttravelers(32) aseashellfromavacation,orbringakeychain.AsMr.Pottsnotesinabookcalled“Souvenir,”thereismoretothis(33) simplepracticethanmeetstheeye.Foronething,itcandatebacktotheoldestdescribedjourneys,soit’sa(34) practicethatgoesbackthousandsofyears.Andacademicresearchershaveclassifiedsouvenirs--even(35) itemslike“ILoveNewYork”T-shirtsandplasticminiaturesofMichelangelo’sDavid--intovariouscategories,likelyunknowntomanytravelers.Whichcategoriesdothethingswe’veboughtorfoundinourtravelsfallinto?Further,what’s(36) behindourneedtobringhomesouvenirs?Overtime,intellectualcuriositybecamethedriving(37) forpersonaltravel.Yetevenastravelersbegancollectinghistoricalandscientificsouvenirs,notjustreligiousitems,thethingstheybroughthomestoodforfeelingsforholyobjects.Scholars(38) thesesouvenirsintodifferentbuckets,including“markers”(locationbrandeditemslikeT-shirtsandteacups),“pictorialimages”(postcardsandposters),and“(39) landmarks”(forexample,StatueofLibertykeychains),withthelattertwocategoriessymbolizing,thoughnotexclusiveto,masstourism.Intheend,“Souvenir”suggeststhatitsmeaningisnotfixedbecauseitsimportancetotheownercanchangeovertimeandthatitssignificanceiscloselyrelatedtothetraveler’sidentity.Mr.Pottshimselfhashadplentyofsouvenirs,thingsthatremindhimnotmerelyoftheplaceshe’sbeenandtheextraordinary(40) betweenhimandlocalpeople,butofformerlifephases.“Whenwecollectsouvenirs,”hewrites,“wedosonottoevaluatetheworld,buttotelltheself.”★★★★☆31.Ffamiliarizev.使熟悉，使通曉v.+oneselfwithsth.再根據(jù)上下文，這里要表達的是收集物品是一種讓自己熟悉世familiarize。32.B.pocketv.把……放入口袋根據(jù)“orbringakeychain”可知此空需要并列謂語已經(jīng)動詞原bring，pocket。33.D.seeminglyadv.表面上根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)此處選擇一個副詞修飾simple，再根據(jù)下文陳述souvenirpractice不僅僅是表面看Thereismoretosb./sth.thanmeettheeye.seemingly。34.I.customarya習(xí)慣性的customary。35.C.mass-produceda.大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的itemsT-shirts,表示收mass-produced。36.A.genuinelyadv.真正地此段承上啟下，追問的是人們把旅行紀(jì)念品帶回家的背后真正genuinely。37.K.motivationn.動機根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)空格處需要名詞；從上文What’sgenuinelybehindourneedtobringhomesouvenirs?可知此句問的是行為背后的“動motivation。38.G.groupv.把……分組此處動詞謂語，根據(jù)上下文可知v.sthinto...就是上文group。39.J.symbolica象征（性）的example提供的信息，此（性）symbolic。40.H.encountern.相遇，邂逅根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)此空填名詞，根據(jù)本段對旅行紀(jì)念品意義對描述可知，紀(jì)念品不僅僅讓人記住遇到的人，更是（記錄了）人們之encounter。詞語積累miniaturen.小畫像intellectuala腦力的，智力的holya.宗教的，神圣的brandv.給……設(shè)計品牌，給……打上烙印pictoriala.圖畫的，照片的identityn.身份ReadingComprehensionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Researchershavefoundthaturbanheatislandeffectmadeworsebysunbakedroadscanberelievedbyasimplemeasure:Paintthestreetsgray.AstudybyArizonaStateUniversityfoundthat41areflective,gray-coloredmaterialtoblackasphalt（柏油）resultedina10.5-to-12-degreeFahrenheitdropinaverageroadsurfacetemperatures.Meanwhile,sunrisetemperatures42anaverage2.4-degreedrop.“Thisisexactlywhatwewerehopingfor,”PhoenixMayorKateGallegosaid.“It’sexcitingtoseeatechnologythathasthepotentialtomeetthedemandsofagrowingdesertcityinaworldwheretemperaturesare43rising.”ExpertssayroadtemperaturesinthePhoenixareacanriseto180degreesonahotday.That44energyremainsinpavedsurfacesforhours,radiatingheatbackintonighttimeair.Higherovernighttemperaturesresultinwarmermornings,creatinga45ofurbanheatislandeffect.Researchersfoundaswellthatthegreatesttemperature46wasneartheroadsurface,withlessdramaticresults6feetabovetheground.Evenso,theneighborhoodswithstreetsreflectinglightexperiencedairtemperatures0.3-to-0.5degreecoolercomparedwithneighborhoodswith47roads.allsurfacesthesamewayResearcherssaidthatthemostmeaningfulmeasurement”wasofradianttemperatures,ameasureofhowthebody48 heat.Thosemeasurementsshowedthatthe“humanexperienceofheat49 atnoonandtheafternoonhourswashigherduetosurfacereflectivity.”It’sbeennotedthattheincreasein50 temperatures“maybeanecessarytrade-off（妥協(xié)）toreducesurfacetemperaturesusingareflectivesurface.”HeatherMurphy,aspokespersonfortheTransportationDepartment,saidtheresponsehasbeen51fromdriversandisapplied.“Wehavehadsomepeoplewhodon’tlikethelookofit,butgenerallytheresponsehasbeenvery52”.Still,officialscautionedthatreflectivepavementisnotaremedyfortheurbanheatislandeffect.“Ifyou’restandingoverthesesurfacesonahotday,53,you’restillgoingtobehotifyou’renotintheshade,”saidJenniferVanos,anassistantprofessoratArizonaStateUniversity.“Soifwereallywantto54truesolutions,it’snotgoingtobejustpaintingallthestreetsgray.”Asecondphaseofthestudywillexaminequestionsabouthowthematerialperformsunderdifferent55,includingchangesinreflectivity,degradationandsubsurfacetemperatureoverlongerperiods.41.A.applyingB.stickingC.approachingD.contributing42.A.occurredB.provedC.turnedD.sawefficientlyB.constantlyC.technicallyD.specifically44.A.generatedB.heatedC.absorbedD.calculated45.A.cycleB.declineC.sampleD.variety46.A.balanceB.controlC.differenceD.equality47.A.gray-paintedB.light-coloredC.black-toppedD.dry-surfaced48.A.reflectsB.transmitsC.resistsD.experiences49.A.extentB.exposureC.absorptionD.endurance50.A.feltB.heatedC.storedD.needed51.A.instantB.all-sidedC.objectiveD.mixedB.positiveC.pessimisticD.obvious53.A.infactB.asaresultC.ontheotherhandD.foronething54.A.putdownB.holdupC.pushtowardD.takeback55.A.variationsB.conditionsC.circulationsD.investigations難度等級★★★★☆41.A根據(jù)上文“Paintthestreetsgray”可以知道，此處應(yīng)該表明“在黑色瀝青上使用反光的灰色10.512華氏度”，apply…to…將…應(yīng)用/使用在…42.D2.4度的下降，see可以表示見證，經(jīng)歷的意思。43.B前文說鳳凰城是一個“desertcity”可知，這里溫度是不斷升高。44.C根據(jù)前一句“鳳凰城地區(qū)的道路溫度在炎熱的一天會上升到180度”可以得出，此處表明“吸收的能量會在鋪砌的路面上停留數(shù)小時”，注意本句話謂語動詞為remains，absorbedenergy45.A結(jié)合前文整體看，前文提到“這些被吸收的能量在鋪好的路面上停留數(shù)小時，將熱量輻射回夜間空氣中。較高的夜間溫度會導(dǎo)致早晨更暖和，從而形成城市熱島效應(yīng)的循環(huán)”，這cycle。46.C根據(jù)上文我們可以知道，本文一直在說路面溫度過高導(dǎo)致的熱島效應(yīng)，也就是對比路面溫差值difference。47.C黑色路面black-topped。48.D根據(jù)后文“humanexperienceof…”可知，此處的意思是“最有意義的測量是輻射溫度，這是一種測量人體如何感受熱量的方法”。49.B此處應(yīng)該表示接觸暴露在熱量之下的人類感受體驗，所以是exposure。50.A根據(jù)前文的“experience”可知，這里指的是感覺溫度，本句譯為“需要注意的是，感覺溫度的升高可能是使用反射表面降低表面溫度的必要交換”。51.D根據(jù)后文提到的這種response有好有壞，所以此處應(yīng)該是結(jié)合了司機和住戶的回應(yīng)，所以。52.Bbut轉(zhuǎn)折，“總的來說回應(yīng)非常正面”。53.A根據(jù)上下文邏輯，此處表明“如果你在熱天站在這些表面上，事實上，如果你不在陰涼處，你仍然會很熱”。54.C此處pushforward表明推動，整句譯為“因此，如果我們真的想推動真正的解決方案，就不會只是把所有的街道涂成灰色”。55.B根據(jù)后文“includingchangesinreflectivity,degradationandsubsurfacetemperatureoverlonger條件conditions。詞語積累urbanadj.城市的meetthedemandsof滿足…的要求reflectv反射；反思；反映themostmeaningfulmeasurement最有意義的措施residentn.居民；住戶remedyn.解決方法；治療SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)AllMissPricehadbeentoldaboutthenewboywasthathe’dspentmostofhislifeinsomekindoforphanage,andthatanduncle”withwhomhenowlivedwerereallyfosterparents養(yǎng)父母paidbytheWelfareDepartmentoftheCityofNewYork.Alessdevotedteachermighthavepressedformoredetails,butMissPricewascontentwiththeroughoutline.Itwasenoughtofillherwithasenseofmissionthatshonefromhereyesfromthefirstmorninghejoinedthefourthgrade.Hearrivedearlyandsatinthebackrow,hisbackboneverystraight,hisanklescrossedpreciselyunderthedeskandhishandsfoldedonthecenterofitstop,andwhiletheotherchildrenwerefillingin,hereceivedalong,expressionlessstarefromeachofthem.“Wehaveanewclassmatethismorning,”MissPricesaid,“HisnameisVincentSabella,andhecomesfromNewYorkCity.Iknowwe’llalldoourbesttomakehimfeelathome.”Thistimetheyallswungaroundtostareatonce,whichcausedhimtoduckhisheadslightlyandshifthisweightfromonesidetotheother.Ordinarily,thefactofsomeone’scomingfromNewYorkmighthaveheldacertainstatus,fortomostofthechildrenthecitywasafrightening,adultplacethatswalloweduptheirfatherseveryday.Butanyonecouldseeatawithit.Evenifyoucouldignorehistwistedblackhairandgrayskin,hisclotheswouldhavegivenhimaway:ridiculouslynewpants,ridiculouslyoldsportsshoesandayellowsweatshirt,muchtoosmall,withthefadedremainsofaMickeyMousedesignstampedonitschest.Thegirlsdecidedthathewasn’tveryniceandturnedaway,buttheboysremainedintheirinspection,lookinghimupanddownwithfaintsmiles.Thiswasthekindofkidtheywereaccustomedtothinkingofas“tough,”thekindwhosestarehasmadeallofthemuncomfortableatonetimeoranotherinunfamiliarneighborhoods;herewasauniquechanceforrevenge.WhatcanyoulearnaboutMissPriceandVincentfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?SincenobodyhadeverseenVincent’sparents,henowlivedallbyhimself.MissPriceknewVincentsowellthatshe’dliketofocuseverybitofattentiononhim.MissPricedidn’tknowmuchaboutVincent,butthatdidn’tstopherwantingtocareabouthim.Vincentsatinthebackrowsoasnottoarouseanyunnecessaryattentioncausedbyhislatearrival.Whydoestheauthormention“NewYork”inthethirdandthefourthparagraphs?Vincent’sdistantorigin.Todemonstratechildren’sdesiretogotoseetheirfathers.ToemphasizeVincent’slowsocialstatusfromhisshabbyclothes.TostateacertaindistinctionbetweenVincentandpeople’simagination.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeVincent?Devotedbutshy. B.Nervousanduneasy.C.Untalkativeandtough. D.Sensitivebutunfortunate.WhatcanyouinferfromthetextaboutVincent’snewclassmates?Theywereeitherunconcernedorunfriendlytowardhim.TheyusedtoconsiderpeoplelikeVincenttobeverytough.Theybarelynoticedthenewboysittinginthebackoftheclassroom.Theywereverycuriousaboutthenewcomerinakindandconsideratemanner.(B)JOURNEYUniversalStudioResortMakeyourwaythroughtheclassroomsandcorridorsofHogwarts.ThenrocketabovethecastlegroundsonagroundbreakingnewridethatletsyoujoinHarryPotterandhisfriendsonanunforgettablythrillingadventure.Ourgoalistoensurethateveryoneisabletomakewellinformeddecisionsabouttheirabilitytosafely,comfortably,andconvenientlyexperienceeachofourattractions.CAUTION:Thisrideimitatesdramaticaerobaticsandincludessuddenacceleration,stopping,turning,climbing,anddropping.Failuretofollowpostedguidelinesmayresultinseriousinjuryorexpulsion(驅(qū)逐fromthepark.AttractionisnotallowedforGuestswithahistoryofheartconditionsorabnormalbloodpressure.AttractionisnotallowedforGuestswithback,neck,orsimilarphysicalconditions.Expectantmothersarenotallowedonthisattraction.AttractionisnotrecommendedforGuestseasilyinfluencedtomotionsicknessordizziness.AttractionisnotrecommendedforGuestswhohavefearofenclosedspaces.AttractionisnotallowedforGuestswithrecentsurgeryorotherconditionsthatmaybeworsenedbythisride.Prostheticlimbs(義肢)mustbesecuredtopreventhazardsorlossduetorideforces.Pleaseseeanattendantforassistance.Guestsunder122cmmaynotride.Weightnottoexceed136kg.cannotaccommodateguidedogs.Aportablepetcageisavailableuponrequest.Remainseatedwithyourheadfirmlyagainsttheheadrest.Keephandsandfeetinsidethevehicle.Holdontoshoulderrestraintsatalltimes.NoPhotographyorVideoRecording.Maximumcapacity4persons.Keepsafelyallloosearticles(phones,hats,glasses,video-recordingequipment,cameras,wallets,keys,etc.)inthelockersprovidedorleavewithanon-rider.Noeating,drinking,orsmoking.Inthepassage,theunderlinedwordaerobaticsisclosestinmeaningto“ .”violentmovements B.plungingactivitiesC.increasingrides D.rapidactionsWhatisaproperbehaviorduringridesaccordingtothegiveninformation?Guestsmustkeepcamerasinsidetheirpocketsorbags.Childrenwhoareunderacertainagearenotallowedonthisride.Peoplewithprostheticlimbsshouldremovethembeforetheridesoasnottolosethem.Peoplewithvisualsicknessneedtokeeptheirguidedogswiththemallthewaythroughtheride.WherewouldthispagemostprobablybefoundontheUniversalStudiohomepage?GuestServices B.AboutUs C.ThingstoDo (C)Fewerthan400NorthAtlanticrightwhalesremaininthewild,andnoteven100ofthemarebreedingfemales.Theirbiggestsurvivalthreatsareboatstrikesandgettingcaughtinfishinggear.Protectingthesewhales,suchasbyturningboatsfromdangerousencounters,requirespositioningthemmorereliably--andnewtechnology,describedintheJournaloftheAcousticalSocietyofAmerica,couldhelpmakethatpossible.Tolistenformarinelife,researchersofteninstallunderwatermicrophonescalledhydrophonesonbuoys(浮標(biāo))androboticgliders滑翔機Therecordedaudioischangedintospectrogramsvisualrepresentationsofsoundusedtopreciselyrecognize,forinstance,specificwhalespecies’calls.Butthosedistinctivesoundsareoftendrownedoutbyothernoise.Inrecentyearsresearchershaveusedamachine-learningtechniquecalleddeeplearningtoautomatethisanalysis,butbackgroundsoundsstillblockreliability.Nowresearchershavetrainedtwodeep-learningmodelsspecificallytocutthroughthenoise.Theystartedbygivingthemodelsthousandsof“clean”spectrogramswithonlyNorthAtlanticrightwhalecalls.Thentheyslowlyaddedinthousandsofspectrogramsmixedwithtypicalbackgroundsounds,suchastankerengines.Theprogramcansuccessfullyturnnoisyspectrogramsintocleanones,reducingfalsealarmsandhelpingspotwhalesbeforetheyreachdangerousareas,thescientistssay.ShyamMadhusudhana,aCornellUniversitydataengineer,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,sayshewouldwanttoseeifsuchmodelscouldbeusedtolocateothermarinemammals(哺乳動物),too.“Humpbackwhalesanddolphinshavemuchmorecomplexspeechpathwaysthantherightwhale,”henotes.AndUniversityofEastAngliamachine-learningresearcherBenMilner,oneofthestudy’sauthors,wantstotakethistechnologyabovewateraswell--toUkrainianforests,wherehehopestoidentifyanimalsnearthesiteofthe1986Chernobyldisaster.UniversityofSt.AndrewsbehavioralecologistPeterTyack,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysthisnewsystemshouldbeusedtofigureoutwherewhalesarethroughouttheyear,sothattheseareascanbeprotected.“Intermsofestimatingthedensityandthenumberofthesewhalesinplaceswhereit’shardtoseethem,”Petersays,“thistechnologycouldbefantastic.”Buthewarnsthatitshouldnotbetheonlyapproachtopreventingshipstrikes.Inhiswork,TyackhasfoundthatNorthbesilentforhoursatatime--sopassivesoundmonitoringcouldeasilymissone.Andkillingjustafew,headds,“couldleadtoextinctionofthepopulation.”newtechnologydotohelpprotecttheNorthAtlanticrightwhales?Locatingtherightwhalesprecisely.Turningboatstoencountertherightwhales.Guidingtherightwhalesawayfromfishingboats.Positioningfishingboatsreliablyandthusdeadlystrikes.Whatisamajorcontributionofdeep-learningmodelstoreducingbackgroundnoises?Theyturnoffthenearbyalarmsthatmaycreatebackgroundnoises.Theycaneliminatedisturbancesshownonaspectrogramsheet.Theyaddthousandsofmixedsoundssuchasvehicleengines.Theycanpreventwhalesfromreachingdangerousareas.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat .ShyamandBenarebothscientistsatdifferentuniversitieswhoknoweachotherwellallofthethreescientistsconsidertheextendeduseofthetechnologycouldfacechallengesShyamandBenbothhopethatthedeeplearningmodelcangobeyonditscurrentapplicationPeterthinksthetechnologyshouldhavebeenusedtofigureoutwhereit’shardtoseethewhalesWhichoneofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?LatestTechsonMarineLifesavingSavetheRightWhalebyNoise-cuttingHuman’sEyesScientists’RoleinSavingWhales難度等級★★★☆☆63.2-32句話說明：這些鯨魚最大的生存威脅是被船只撞擊和被漁具纏住。第3句話說明：現(xiàn)在有一項新的技術(shù)可以更可靠地定位鯨魚，讓船只遠離危險區(qū)域，不去撞擊它們，這樣就可以保護鯨魚。故選擇A。文本中的Alocating都是定位的意思。B、D都不是保護鯨魚，C是引導(dǎo)鯨魚遠離船只。64.考察細節(jié)題。定位到第三段。本題是對這項技術(shù)如何減少背景噪音提供“干凈”光譜圖的具體嘈雜的光譜圖轉(zhuǎn)換為干凈的光譜圖，減少誤報，并在鯨魚到達危險區(qū)域之前幫助定位它們。B選項的eliminatedisturbancesshownonasheet“消除光譜圖上顯示的干擾”4句。B。C選項表示的是為了消除噪音而需要做的步驟。A選項的turnoffthenearbyalarms不符合文中的reducingfalsealarms。D選項不符合文意。65.ShyamandBen是不同大學(xué)的科學(xué)家但沒有說明他們兩個是彼此很熟悉的。B：這三位科學(xué)家并不是每個人都認(rèn)為該技術(shù)的長期使用可能面臨提出來擔(dān)憂。D：在5Peter建議這個新系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該被用來“最難看到鯨魚的地方”。在4ShyamandBen都希望這個技術(shù)可以應(yīng)用到其他領(lǐng)域保護其他動物。故選擇C。66.選擇最合適的題目就是考察全文主旨。本文是介紹了通過消除周圍噪音，精準(zhǔn)定位而保護北C、D。AMarine4段科學(xué)家對B符合全文主旨。詞語積累survivalthreats生存威脅getcaughtin陷入dangerousencounters危險遭遇drownout淹沒（聲音）automatethisanalysis自動執(zhí)行此分析cutthroughthenoise消除噪音figureout弄清楚intermsof依據(jù)SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.TypeType2isfarmorecommon,accountingformorethan90%ofcasesworldwide.However,urbanresidentsarebecomingmorewillingtoexercise,withgymsandyogaclassesontherise.Chinahasanestimated116milliondiabetics,byfarthehighestnumberofanycountry.About11%ofChineseadultsnowhavethecondition,nearlytheproportioninAmericaandtwicethelevelinBritain.Theothertype,thoughmorecommonlydiagnosed,isnotrelativelydangerous.Cityinhabitantstendtobelessphysicallyactivethanpeopleinruralareas.AsChinaPutsonWeight,Type-2Diabetes(糖尿病IsRapidlyRisingMorethan30yearsago,doctorsinthenortherncityofDaqingbeganapioneeringlong-termstudyintothepreventionoftype-2diabetes,adiseasewhichwasthenthoughttoaffectabout1%ofChinese.Whendoctors,academicsandofficialsgatheredtherethisautumntodiscusstheconclusionsandpromotepreventionwork,theyfacedaverydifferentreality.(67) Type-2diabetesisbecomingmorecommonglobally,butinrecentyearstherateofthediseasehasbeengrowingfastestinChina.Diabetesisadisfunctioninthebody’sregulationofblood-sugarlevels.Type1israreandusuallyshowsupearlyinlife,causedbyfactorsthatarenotyetwellunderstood.Itcankillswiftlyunlessmanagedwithdailyinjectionsofinsulin(胰島素).(68) Ittendstodevelopinadults,especiallyiftheyareoverweightordonotexercisemuch.Itcanusuallybecontrolledwithpillsandlifestylechanges,andcansometimesbereversed.Bothtypes,ifnotwell-treated,cancausecomplicationssuchasorgandamage,blindness,strokesandheartattacks.(69) Twentyyearsago,ithadfewerthan25million.Thedramaticincrease,almostentirelyinvolvingtype2s,worriesthegovernment.ThestudyinDaqingshowedhowlifestylechangescanpreventtype2amongpeoplewithdamagedglucosetolerance(糖耐量),whichissometimesastartofthecondition.Thecountry’shealth-caresystemistryingtoensuresymptomsaredetected,andhelppeoplewiththem.Abigreasonfortheincreaseisthataspeoplegetricher,theyoftenconsumemoreprocessedfoodsandsugarydrinks.OneinsevenChineseadultsisoverfat,includingaquarterofadultsinBeijing,China’sfattestcity.Theurbanproportionofthepopulationhasgrownfromlessthan20%toabout60%since1980.(70) Theremaybeageneticlink,too.Researchfindsthatethnic-HanChineseareacquiringtype2diabeteswhileyoungerandthinnerthanCaucasians.Smokingisanotherfactor.Chinahasone-fifthoftheworld’spopulationbutconsumesone-thirdofitscigarettes,andmostofthedailysmokersaremen.難度等級★★★☆☆67考察段中邏輯。3030年前醫(yī)生認(rèn)為有1%的人患糖尿病到今年秋天事實和醫(yī)生的認(rèn)知不符可知患者比例上漲；且后文中國與他國在這一問題上的對比，說明這是世界性的病癥，而中國患者數(shù)量在增長較快，故選D。68考察段中邏輯。本段主要講述的是糖尿病是什么?！癟ype1israreandusuallyshowsup,causedby…injectionsofinsulin”1型糖尿病的特征，通常較早發(fā)病，后文“Ittendstodevelopinadultsespeciallyiftheyareoverweightordonotexercisemuch.”是另一種糖尿的特征，因為它發(fā)病期為成年期，判斷這是2型糖尿病的特征；根據(jù)本段最后12型糖尿病在得不到較好的治療時都會導(dǎo)致并發(fā)癥可知，2型糖尿病具有危險性，排除E選項，本題選A。69考察段首推斷。根據(jù)后文20年前低于2500萬的患者數(shù)量，以及后文的increaseC。70長使得很多人更少的參與到體力活動中F。詞語積累diabetesn.糖尿病apioneeringlong-termstudy開創(chuàng)性的長期研究disfunctionn.功能障礙promotepreventionwork促進預(yù)防工作injectionn.注射processedfoods深加工食品complicationsn.并發(fā)癥SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.IsStudent-loanForgivenessUnforgivable?45millionAmericanscurrentlyhold$1.6trillioninstud