《工程制圖》(雙語)講義課件

EngineeringGraphicsNorthChinaElectricPowerUniversityEngineeringGraphicsNorthChin1YangZhilingEmail:yzhil@Officeaddress：F-824Pleasepreparethebook:《EngineeringGraphics》.Pleasepreparetwokindsofpencil:Hand2B,apairoftrianglesandacompass.YangZhiling2

GraphicLanguageandDesignIntroduction1HistoryofTechnicalDrawing2Summery34ProjectionGraphicLanguageandDesignIn3DesignProcessAdesignprocessstartswithaconceptoranidea.Thefirststageoftheprojectbeginswiththeidentificationofaparticularneedforaproduct.Thesecondstageinvolvesthecreationofavarietyofoptionsordesignideas.Theseideamaybeintheformofsketches,andincludemathematicalcomputations.Thethirdstageistherefinementofthepreliminarydesigns.Possiblesolutionstotheproblemareidentified.DesignProcessAdesignprocess4DesignProcessThefourthstageinvolvesrefinementandselectionofaparticulardesign.Heretheprojectisputinamoreformal,finalizedstateusingassemblydrawingsormodels.Thisstagerequirescloseattentiontohowthepartistobemanufacturedorproduced.Inthefifthstage,detaildrawingsareprepared.Theresultisacompletesetofworkingdrawings.Thesixthstageinthedesignprocessisthemanufacturingandproductionofproduct,ortheconstructionofasystem.DesignProcessThefourthstage5SKETCHESandDRAWINGSSKETCHESandDRAWINGS6SKETCHESandMODELSSKETCHESandMODELS7ASSEMBLYDRAWINGSASSEMBLYDRAWINGS8RefinementofthemodelRefinementofthemodel9DETAILDRAWINGSDETAILDRAWINGS10PLANSandELEVATIONSPLANSandELEVATIONS11DefinitionsDefinitions12DRAWINGAdrawingisagraphicrepresentationofarealthing,anidea,oraproposeddesignforlatermanufactureorconstruction.Drawingsmaytakemanyforms,butthegraphicmethodofrepresentationisabasicnaturalformofcommunicationofideasthatisuniversalandtimeless.DRAWINGAdrawingisagraphic13GRAPHICLANGUAGEAlthoughpeoplearoundworldspeakdifferentlanguages,auniversalgraphiclanguagehasexistedsincetheearliesttimes.Theancientlettersandwordsaregraphicrepresentations.AncientEgyptianCharacterGRAPHICLANGUAGEAlthoughpeopl14TECHINICALDRAWINGGraphicrepresentationhasbeendevelopedalongtwodistinctlines,accordingtopurpose:

artistic

technicalFromthebeginningofrecordedhistory,peoplehaveuseddrawingstorepresentthedesignofobjectstobebuiltorconstructed.TECHINICALDRAWINGGraphicrepr15EARLYTECHNICALDRAWINGAnaerocraftdrawing,byLeonardodaVinciEARLYTECHNICALDRAWINGAnae16MODERNTECHNICALDRAWINGGaspardMonge(1746-1818)developedtheprinciplesofprojectionthatarenowthebasisofourtechnicaldrawing.Heisconsideredthe“inventor”ofdescriptivegeometry.In1900,thefirst-angleprojectionandthird-angleprojectionwereestablished.MODERNTECHNICALDRAWINGGaspa17ProjectionObjectProjectionProjectionObjectProjection18FirstAngleProjectionandThirdAngleProjectionVVFirstangleprojectionThirdangleprojectionFirstAngleProjectionandThi19Whatwillwelearn?3D→2DWhatwillwelearn?3D→2D203D→2D3D→2D21Whatwillwelearn?2D→3DWhat’sthisWhatwillwelearn?2D→3DWhat222D→3D2D→3D23AnotherAnswerAnotherAnswer24Whatwillwelearn?SomespecialdrawingskillsWhatwillwelearn?Somespecia25Whatwillwelearn?Whatwillwelearn?26INTRODUCTIONTOCADComputerAidedDesignComputerAidedDraftingCADINTRODUCTIONTOCADComputerCom27APPLICATIONOFCAD2DWorkingDrawingAPPLICATIONOFCAD2DWorkingD28APPLICATIONOFCAD3DPartModelAPPLICATIONOFCAD3DPartMode29APPLICATIONOFCADSurfaceModelingAPPLICATIONOFCADSurfaceMode30APPLICATIONOFCADVirtualAssemblyAPPLICATIONOFCADVirtualAsse31APPLICATIONOFCADVirtualAssemblyAPPLICATIONOFCADVirtualAsse32CADSOFTWAREAutoCAD/InventorProEngineerSolidWorksCATIAUGIICAXACADSOFTWAREAutoCAD/Inventor33INTRODUCTIONTOCADCADD–ComputerAidedDesignandDraftingCAM–ComputerAidedManufacturingCIM–ComputerIntegratedManufacturingCAE–ComputerAidedEngineeringCG–ComputerGraphics–INTRODUCTIONTOCADCADD–Comp34OTHERAPPLICATIONImageProcessOTHERAPPLICATIONImageProcess35Game,FilmandCartoonOTHERAPPLICATIONGame,FilmandCartoonOTHERAP36SUMMARYThegraphiclanguageistheuniversallanguageusedbyeveryengineeringteamdesigninganddevelopingproductsthroughouttheworld.Everytechnicaldrawingisbasedonstandardthatprescribewhateachsymbol,line,andarcmeans.Weneedtotrainourabilityofspatialimagining,learnhowtotransform3Dobjectto2Dprojectionsand2Dprojectionsto3Dobject.Fortrainyourabilityofspatialimagining,youmustdoexercisesyourself.SUMMARYThegraphiclanguageis37Lesson1BasicDraftingDraftingStandard1DrawingEquipment2GeometricConstruction3Dimension4Lesson1BasicDraftingDrafti38DrawingEquipmentDrawingEquipment39DrawingEquipmentDrawingEquipment40DrawingEquipmentDrawingEquipment41DrawingEquipmentDrawingEquipment42DRAFTINGSTANDARDAmericanNationalStandardDraftingManual–Y14ChineseNationalSatandardforMechenicalDrawings

Thesesectionsoutlinethemostimportantidiomsandusagesinaformthatisacceptabletothemajority.Theyareconsideredthemostauthoritativeguidetouniformdraftingpracticesinthiscountrytoday.DRAFTINGSTANDARDAmericanNati43DraftingStandardPRCNationalStandard(abbreviatedtoGB)《Mechanicaldrawings》isthestandardworkondraftingpractice.NationalStandard《Mechanicaldrawings》containsseventeenseparateStandards,whicharesetbyreferringtotheISO(InternationalOrganizationforStandardization)Standards,suchasGB/T14689-1993forSizesandlayoutofdrawingsheet,GB4457.4-1984forLines.DraftingStandardPRCNational44LineTypes(GB/T4457.4-1984)NameTypeWidthUseThicksolidlinebVisiblelineThinsolidlineb/3Dimensionline,Extensionline,SectionlineDashedlineb/3HiddenlineWavelineb/3Short-breaklineZigzaglineb/3Long-breaklineThindot-and-dashlineb/3CenterlineDoubledot-and-dashlineb/3PhantomlineLineTypes(GB/T4457.4-1984)Na45DrawingEquipmentforthinlineforthicklineDrawingEquipmentforthinline46ThicknessofthelineThicknessoftheline47ApplicationoflinesApplicationoflines48MetricSystemandScale(GB/T14690-1993)1mm=1millimeter(1/1000ofameter)1cm=1centimeter(1/100ofameter)=10mm1dm=1decimeter(1/10ofameter)=10cm=100mm1m=1meter=100cm=1000mm1km=1kilometer=1000m=100,000cm=1,000,000mmMetricSystemandScale(GB/T149MetricSystemandScale(GB/T14690-1993)Thescaleistherelationbetweenthedimensionsofdrawingofanobjectandtheactualdimensions.ScalesestablishedbytheChineseNationalStandard:Fullsize：1:1Enlargement：2:1,2.5:1,4:1,5:1,10:1etc.Reduction：1:1.5,1:2,1:2.5,1:3,1:4,1:6,1:10etc.Whateverthescale,thedimensionsonthedrawingindicatethetruesizeoftheobject,notoftheview.MetricSystemandScale(GB/T150LetteringForms(GB/T14691-1993)Thefollowingsizesofcharactersarerecommended:20,14,10,7,5,3.5and2.5.LetteringForms(GB/T14691-1951LetteringForms(GB/T14691-1993)Thelettersandnumeralsareeitherinclined15°totheright,orvertical(upright).LetteringForms(GB/T14691-1952SheetSizesandLayout(GB/T14689-1993)TheStandardestablishesfivepreferredsizesfordrawingsasbelow：A0、A1、A2、A3、A4.Sheetsizes：

A0:841×1189A1:594×841A2:420×594A3:297×420A4:210×297Asheetwithborderlinesandatitleblocksiscalledalayout.SheetSizesandLayout(GB/T1453MarginandBorderTheverticallayoutandhorizontallayoutareshowninFiguresasbelow:Ifthefilingmarginforperforationisnecessary,a=25,A0~A2:c=10,A3、A4:c=5MarginandBorderTheverti54MarginandBorderIfthefilingmarginforperforationisnotnecessary,thenA0~A1:e=20mm,A2~A4:e=10mmMarginandBorderIfthefilin55TitleBlock

GB10609.1-1989isaStandardfortitleblock.ThetitleblockforstudydrawinganddetaildrawingaresuggestedinFiguresasbelow:TitleBlockGB10609.1-198956FreehandSketches(1)DrawingLines:DrawingAngles:FreehandSketches(1)DrawingL57FreehandSketches(2)DrawingCircles:DrawingEllipses:FreehandSketches(2)DrawingC58DrawingaPentagonDrawingaPentagon59DrawingaHexagonDrawingaHexagon60EllipseConstructionEllipseConstruction61DrawingTangentArcs(1)3030TTHKR+HKRHKDrawingTangentArcs(1)3030TT62DrawingTangentArcs(2)HKr1r2r1+HKr2+HKHKr1r2HK-r2HK-r1DrawingTangentArcs(2)HKr1r263DrawingTangentArcs(3)HK+rHK-RHKrRTTDrawingTangentArcs(3)HK+rHK64BasicDimension(GB4458.4-1984)BasicDimension(GB4458.4-198465BasicRulesofDimensionDimensionsonthedrawingindicatethetruesizeoftheobjectirrespectiveofthescaleandgraphicalaccuracy.Dimensionsinmachinedrawingsaregiveninmillimeterswithoutaddingtheabbreviationmm.Eachdimensionindrawingmustbegivenonlyonce.BasicRulesofDimensionDimens66DimensioningTechnique1.5mmApprox.gapExtensionlineDimensionline3mmApprox.8mm10mmDimensioningTechnique1.5mmAp67DimensioningTechniqueNO!NO!NO!DimensioningTechniqueNO!NO!NO68DimensioningTechniqueCORRECT!NO!DimensioningTechniqueCORRECT!69DimensioningTechniqueDimensioningTechnique70DirectionsofNumbersAVOIDIFPOSSIBLEDirectionsofNumbersAVOIDIF71DimensioningAnglesDimensioningAngles72DimensioningCirclesDimensioningCircles73DimensioningArcsDimensioningArcs74Homework:Homework:75Homework:Homework:76ThankYou!ThankYou!77演講完畢，謝謝觀看！演講完畢，謝謝觀看！78EngineeringGraphicsNorthChinaElectricPowerUniversityEngineeringGraphicsNorthChin79YangZhilingEmail:yzhil@Officeaddress：F-824Pleasepreparethebook:《EngineeringGraphics》.Pleasepreparetwokindsofpencil:Hand2B,apairoftrianglesandacompass.YangZhiling80

GraphicLanguageandDesignIntroduction1HistoryofTechnicalDrawing2Summery34ProjectionGraphicLanguageandDesignIn81DesignProcessAdesignprocessstartswithaconceptoranidea.Thefirststageoftheprojectbeginswiththeidentificationofaparticularneedforaproduct.Thesecondstageinvolvesthecreationofavarietyofoptionsordesignideas.Theseideamaybeintheformofsketches,andincludemathematicalcomputations.Thethirdstageistherefinementofthepreliminarydesigns.Possiblesolutionstotheproblemareidentified.DesignProcessAdesignprocess82DesignProcessThefourthstageinvolvesrefinementandselectionofaparticulardesign.Heretheprojectisputinamoreformal,finalizedstateusingassemblydrawingsormodels.Thisstagerequirescloseattentiontohowthepartistobemanufacturedorproduced.Inthefifthstage,detaildrawingsareprepared.Theresultisacompletesetofworkingdrawings.Thesixthstageinthedesignprocessisthemanufacturingandproductionofproduct,ortheconstructionofasystem.DesignProcessThefourthstage83SKETCHESandDRAWINGSSKETCHESandDRAWINGS84SKETCHESandMODELSSKETCHESandMODELS85ASSEMBLYDRAWINGSASSEMBLYDRAWINGS86RefinementofthemodelRefinementofthemodel87DETAILDRAWINGSDETAILDRAWINGS88PLANSandELEVATIONSPLANSandELEVATIONS89DefinitionsDefinitions90DRAWINGAdrawingisagraphicrepresentationofarealthing,anidea,oraproposeddesignforlatermanufactureorconstruction.Drawingsmaytakemanyforms,butthegraphicmethodofrepresentationisabasicnaturalformofcommunicationofideasthatisuniversalandtimeless.DRAWINGAdrawingisagraphic91GRAPHICLANGUAGEAlthoughpeoplearoundworldspeakdifferentlanguages,auniversalgraphiclanguagehasexistedsincetheearliesttimes.Theancientlettersandwordsaregraphicrepresentations.AncientEgyptianCharacterGRAPHICLANGUAGEAlthoughpeopl92TECHINICALDRAWINGGraphicrepresentationhasbeendevelopedalongtwodistinctlines,accordingtopurpose:

artistic

technicalFromthebeginningofrecordedhistory,peoplehaveuseddrawingstorepresentthedesignofobjectstobebuiltorconstructed.TECHINICALDRAWINGGraphicrepr93EARLYTECHNICALDRAWINGAnaerocraftdrawing,byLeonardodaVinciEARLYTECHNICALDRAWINGAnae94MODERNTECHNICALDRAWINGGaspardMonge(1746-1818)developedtheprinciplesofprojectionthatarenowthebasisofourtechnicaldrawing.Heisconsideredthe“inventor”ofdescriptivegeometry.In1900,thefirst-angleprojectionandthird-angleprojectionwereestablished.MODERNTECHNICALDRAWINGGaspa95ProjectionObjectProjectionProjectionObjectProjection96FirstAngleProjectionandThirdAngleProjectionVVFirstangleprojectionThirdangleprojectionFirstAngleProjectionandThi97Whatwillwelearn?3D→2DWhatwillwelearn?3D→2D983D→2D3D→2D99Whatwillwelearn?2D→3DWhat’sthisWhatwillwelearn?2D→3DWhat1002D→3D2D→3D101AnotherAnswerAnotherAnswer102Whatwillwelearn?SomespecialdrawingskillsWhatwillwelearn?Somespecia103Whatwillwelearn?Whatwillwelearn?104INTRODUCTIONTOCADComputerAidedDesignComputerAidedDraftingCADINTRODUCTIONTOCADComputerCom105APPLICATIONOFCAD2DWorkingDrawingAPPLICATIONOFCAD2DWorkingD106APPLICATIONOFCAD3DPartModelAPPLICATIONOFCAD3DPartMode107APPLICATIONOFCADSurfaceModelingAPPLICATIONOFCADSurfaceMode108APPLICATIONOFCADVirtualAssemblyAPPLICATIONOFCADVirtualAsse109APPLICATIONOFCADVirtualAssemblyAPPLICATIONOFCADVirtualAsse110CADSOFTWAREAutoCAD/InventorProEngineerSolidWorksCATIAUGIICAXACADSOFTWAREAutoCAD/Inventor111INTRODUCTIONTOCADCADD–ComputerAidedDesignandDraftingCAM–ComputerAidedManufacturingCIM–ComputerIntegratedManufacturingCAE–ComputerAidedEngineeringCG–ComputerGraphics–INTRODUCTIONTOCADCADD–Comp112OTHERAPPLICATIONImageProcessOTHERAPPLICATIONImageProcess113Game,FilmandCartoonOTHERAPPLICATIONGame,FilmandCartoonOTHERAP114SUMMARYThegraphiclanguageistheuniversallanguageusedbyeveryengineeringteamdesigninganddevelopingproductsthroughouttheworld.Everytechnicaldrawingisbasedonstandardthatprescribewhateachsymbol,line,andarcmeans.Weneedtotrainourabilityofspatialimagining,learnhowtotransform3Dobjectto2Dprojectionsand2Dprojectionsto3Dobject.Fortrainyourabilityofspatialimagining,youmustdoexercisesyourself.SUMMARYThegraphiclanguageis115Lesson1BasicDraftingDraftingStandard1DrawingEquipment2GeometricConstruction3Dimension4Lesson1BasicDraftingDrafti116DrawingEquipmentDrawingEquipment117DrawingEquipmentDrawingEquipment118DrawingEquipmentDrawingEquipment119DrawingEquipmentDrawingEquipment120DRAFTINGSTANDARDAmericanNationalStandardDraftingManual–Y14ChineseNationalSatandardforMechenicalDrawings

Thesesectionsoutlinethemostimportantidiomsandusagesinaformthatisacceptabletothemajority.Theyareconsideredthemostauthoritativeguidetouniformdraftingpracticesinthiscountrytoday.DRAFTINGSTANDARDAmericanNati121DraftingStandardPRCNationalStandard(abbreviatedtoGB)《Mechanicaldrawings》isthestandardworkondraftingpractice.NationalStandard《Mechanicaldrawings》containsseventeenseparateStandards,whicharesetbyreferringtotheISO(InternationalOrganizationforStandardization)Standards,suchasGB/T14689-1993forSizesandlayoutofdrawingsheet,GB4457.4-1984forLines.DraftingStandardPRCNational122LineTypes(GB/T4457.4-1984)NameTypeWidthUseThicksolidlinebVisiblelineThinsolidlineb/3Dimensionline,Extensionline,SectionlineDashedlineb/3HiddenlineWavelineb/3Short-breaklineZigzaglineb/3Long-breaklineThindot-and-dashlineb/3CenterlineDoubledot-and-dashlineb/3PhantomlineLineTypes(GB/T4457.4-1984)Na123DrawingEquipmentforthinlineforthicklineDrawingEquipmentforthinline124ThicknessofthelineThicknessoftheline125ApplicationoflinesApplicationoflines126MetricSystemandScale(GB/T14690-1993)1mm=1millimeter(1/1000ofameter)1cm=1centimeter(1/100ofameter)=10mm1dm=1decimeter(1/10ofameter)=10cm=100mm1m=1meter=100cm=1000mm1km=1kilometer=1000m=100,000cm=1,000,000mmMetricSystemandScale(GB/T1127MetricSystemandScale(GB/T14690-1993)Thescaleistherelationbetweenthedimensionsofdrawingofanobjectandtheactualdimensions.ScalesestablishedbytheChineseNationalStandard:Fullsize：1:1Enlargement：2:1,2.5:1,4:1,5:1,10:1etc.Reduction：1:1.5,1:2,1:2.5,1:3,1:4,1:6,1:10etc.Whateverthescale,thedimensionsonthedrawingindicatethetruesizeoftheobject,notoftheview.MetricSystemandScale(GB/T1128LetteringForms(GB/T14691-1993)Thefollowingsizesofcharactersarerecommended:20,14,10,7,5,3.5and2.5.LetteringForms(GB/T14691-19129LetteringForms(GB/T14691-1993)Thelettersandnumeralsareeitherinclined15°totheright,orvertical(upright).LetteringForms(GB/T14691-19130SheetSizesandLayout(GB/T14689-1993)TheStandardestablishesfivepreferredsizesfordrawingsasbelow：A0、A1、A2、A3、A4.Sheetsizes：

A0:841×1189A1:594×841A2:420×594A3:297×420A4:210×297Asheetwithborderlinesandatitleblocksiscalledalayout.SheetSizesandLayout(GB/T14131MarginandBorderTheverticallayoutandhorizontallayoutareshowninFiguresasbelow: