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GrammarandUsage
GrammarandUsage
1Tomseemedexcitedwhenheheardthe
good
newsyesterday.Mymotherdidn’tallowhimtogoout,forhehadlotsofhomeworktodo.Inordertokeephealthy,Jacktakesexerciseeverymorning.Lead-inTomseemedexcitedwhenhehe2To-infinitiveFunctionsSampleSentencesTofindabest
friendisdifficult.
Itisdifficult
tofindabestfriend.Ineed
tosleepforeighthours
everyday.Pleaseremember
towritetome.SubjectObjectTo-infinitiveFunctionsSampleS3FunctionsSampleSentencesIaskhim
tocomeover.HeorderedTom
toleaveat
once.Ihaveanimportantmeeting
toattend.Ihavetwoletters
towrite.AttributeObjectComplementFunctionsSampleSentencesIask4FunctionsSampleSentencesHisintentionwas
tocheermeup.Myjobis
todeliverletters.Mydadarrangedsomeswimminglessons
tosurpriseme.Heworkedhard
toprovideforhisbigfamily.PredicativeAdverbialFunctionsSampleSentencesHisi5The
to-infinitive
oftenfollowssomeverbsasthe
object
ofasentence.Tipswant,hope,like,begin,start,try,forget,agree,learn,refuse,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,prefer,meanetc.Theto-infinitiveoftenfollow6ActiveVoicePassiveVoiceBasicformtodotobedonePerfectformtohavedonetohavebeendoneContinuousformtobedoingOtherformsofto-infinitiveActiveVoicePassiveVoiceBasic7Practice我很高興見到你。據(jù)說Tom寫過一本科幻小說。老師進來時Tom剛巧在大聲說話。Iamglad
tomeetyou.Tomissaid
tohavewritten
asciencefictionstory.Tomhappened
tobetalking
loudlywhentheteachercamein.Practice我很高興見到你。Iamgladtom8BareInfinitiveWeusethebareinfinitiveafter：let,makeandsometimeshaveeg.Ilether
borrow
mybook.Shemademe
promise
towriteeveryday.Theteacheroftenhashisstudentsreadaloudinclass.BareInfinitiveWeusethebare9(verbsofperception)feel,hear,see,observe,noticeandwatchIoftenseethem
play
basketballtogether.Iheardhim
sing
inthenextroomyesterday.(verbsofperception)feel,he10wouldrather,hadbetter,andwhynotI’drather
stayat
homeinsteadofwatchingthefilm.You’dbettertidyyourbedroom.WhynotvisityourcousininJapan?wouldrather,hadbetter,and11Wecanusethebareinfinitiveforthesecondinfinitivewhentwoinfinitivesarejoinedby
and,or,except,but,than,ratherthan,
as
or
like.Iforgottoturnoffthelights
andclose
thedoorwhenIleft.Wehavenothingtodo
butwatch
TV.Iprefertostayathomerather
thango
tothedancingparty.Wecanusethebareinfinitive1217JanuaryDearLaura,Iwant_______(thank)youforyourlastletter.IwasveryhappywhenIsawitinmymailbox.I’msogladIpersuadedyou______(talk)toRachel.Isn’titwonderful______(have)goodfriends?Speakingoffriends,I’vemetsomenicepeoplehereinLondonandIthinkwemightbecomePracticetothanktotalktohave
13closefriends.Idecidedtowriteratherthan_____(e-mail)youaboutmynewfriends,becauseit’salwaysnice________(receive)aletterfromsomeonespecial.ImetMonicawhenIjoinedtheschoolbadmintonteam.Wegotonreallywellandsoonagreatfriendshipdeveloped.e-mailtoreceiveclosefriends.Idecidedtowr14Sheinvitedme_____(go)toherhouseand_____(watch)DVDs.Wehavebeenfriendseversince.MyotherfriendisJane.Shealwaysletsme______(borrow)herMathsnotes.YouknowIwouldrather____(visit)thedentistthanstudyalgebraandarithmetic!togowatchborrowvisitSheinvitedme_____(go)toh15JanetoldmeIhadbetter_____(spend)moretimestudying,andIhavebeentryingmybest.Howareyoudoingatschool?Ihopeyourresultsarestillgood.Whynot____(write)tomeand___(tell)meallaboutit?spendwritetellJanetoldmeIhadbetter____16Ican’twait_____(see)youagain.Whenareyoucomingtovisitme?Youhadbetter_____(make)itsoon!Whynot____(come)toLondonthisEaster?Wecouldgototheamusementparkoreventothecircus!Takeare,SallytoseemakecomeIcan’twait_____(see)youa17Verb-ingasanoun1.Verb-ingformscanbeusedasanouninasentenceandfunctionasfollows:Verb-ingasanoun1.Verb-ing18SampleSentencesUsagesSwimming
isgoodforyourhealth.AsSubjectIlove
swimming
inthesea.AsObjectIkeepfitby
swimming
everyday.Afterprep.SampleSentencesUsagesSwimming19SampleSentencesUsagesHerswimming
isimprovingdaybyday.AfterPossessivesTheoldmanhastouseawalkingstick.CompoundNounsSampleSentencesUsagesHerswim20SituationsVerb-ingformsareusedWeuseVerb-ing(notainfinitive),afterthefollowingwords:admitdislikeimaginedelayconsidermindunderstandavoidenjoypractisemissfinishkeepsuggestSituationsVerb-ingformsare21cannothelpIcannothelpwonderingwhyshedoesnotlikeme.lookforwardtoIlookforwardtoseeingyouattheparty.feellikeIdon’tfeellikedoinganythingnow.CommonphrasesusedwithVerb-ingforms:cannothelpIcannothelpwonde22cannotstandShecannotstandseeing
thatboy.Itisnouse/goodItisnousecryingabout
yourexamresultsnow.putoffIhadtoputoffshopping
forawhile.keeponHekeptonaskingmeformyphonenumber.cannotShecannotstandseeing23Wecanuseaverb-ingoraninfinitiveafterthefollowingverbswithlittledifferenceinmeaningbutsometimeswithsomedifferenceinmeaningorusagesuchas:continuepreferbeginhatelikestartlove
(littledifference)forgetregretremembermeantrygoon
(withsomedifference)Wecanuseaverb-ingoranin24ExerciseforV-ingformsIfirstbegan_____________Internetchatroomsaboutayearago.Istarted_______regularlyaboutmonthslater,andnowIchatontheInternetdaily.Ilove_______chatroomsbecausesometimesIfeellike__________tobesomeoneelseonline.Ilovetocreatea
visiting/tovisitchattingvisitingpretendingExerciseforV-ingformsIfirs25newidentityformyself.Soonaftervisitingthechatrooms,Ibegantotalklesstomyrealfriends.Ithought
theywerelessexcitingthanmyonlinefriends.Iusuallyenterthechatroomatabout8p.m.andcontinue______________allevening,sometimesuntilmidnight.Butusuallymymummakesme____atabout10p.m.chatting/tochatstopnewidentityformyself.Soon26Mumdiscouragesmefrom________online.ShesaysIspendanabsurdamountoftimeonline.Myfriendssaysotoo.Maybethey’reright.Lastweek,Ievenforgot____myEnglishessay.MomsaysIhadbetter____exams,orshewillsellthecomputeraspunishment.todopasschattingMumdiscouragesmefrom______27AlthoughIhavefunwithmyonlinefriends,Iknowthatmyrealfriendsaremoreimportantthanmyonlinefriends.AlthoughIhavefunwithmyon28HomeworkDoPartC2onpage92inworkbook.Practicetheinfinitiveandverb-ingforms.Previewthetask.HomeworkDoPartC2onpage9229ThankyouThankyou30GrammarandUsage
GrammarandUsage
31Tomseemedexcitedwhenheheardthe
good
newsyesterday.Mymotherdidn’tallowhimtogoout,forhehadlotsofhomeworktodo.Inordertokeephealthy,Jacktakesexerciseeverymorning.Lead-inTomseemedexcitedwhenhehe32To-infinitiveFunctionsSampleSentencesTofindabest
friendisdifficult.
Itisdifficult
tofindabestfriend.Ineed
tosleepforeighthours
everyday.Pleaseremember
towritetome.SubjectObjectTo-infinitiveFunctionsSampleS33FunctionsSampleSentencesIaskhim
tocomeover.HeorderedTom
toleaveat
once.Ihaveanimportantmeeting
toattend.Ihavetwoletters
towrite.AttributeObjectComplementFunctionsSampleSentencesIask34FunctionsSampleSentencesHisintentionwas
tocheermeup.Myjobis
todeliverletters.Mydadarrangedsomeswimminglessons
tosurpriseme.Heworkedhard
toprovideforhisbigfamily.PredicativeAdverbialFunctionsSampleSentencesHisi35The
to-infinitive
oftenfollowssomeverbsasthe
object
ofasentence.Tipswant,hope,like,begin,start,try,forget,agree,learn,refuse,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,prefer,meanetc.Theto-infinitiveoftenfollow36ActiveVoicePassiveVoiceBasicformtodotobedonePerfectformtohavedonetohavebeendoneContinuousformtobedoingOtherformsofto-infinitiveActiveVoicePassiveVoiceBasic37Practice我很高興見到你。據(jù)說Tom寫過一本科幻小說。老師進來時Tom剛巧在大聲說話。Iamglad
tomeetyou.Tomissaid
tohavewritten
asciencefictionstory.Tomhappened
tobetalking
loudlywhentheteachercamein.Practice我很高興見到你。Iamgladtom38BareInfinitiveWeusethebareinfinitiveafter：let,makeandsometimeshaveeg.Ilether
borrow
mybook.Shemademe
promise
towriteeveryday.Theteacheroftenhashisstudentsreadaloudinclass.BareInfinitiveWeusethebare39(verbsofperception)feel,hear,see,observe,noticeandwatchIoftenseethem
play
basketballtogether.Iheardhim
sing
inthenextroomyesterday.(verbsofperception)feel,he40wouldrather,hadbetter,andwhynotI’drather
stayat
homeinsteadofwatchingthefilm.You’dbettertidyyourbedroom.WhynotvisityourcousininJapan?wouldrather,hadbetter,and41Wecanusethebareinfinitiveforthesecondinfinitivewhentwoinfinitivesarejoinedby
and,or,except,but,than,ratherthan,
as
or
like.Iforgottoturnoffthelights
andclose
thedoorwhenIleft.Wehavenothingtodo
butwatch
TV.Iprefertostayathomerather
thango
tothedancingparty.Wecanusethebareinfinitive4217JanuaryDearLaura,Iwant_______(thank)youforyourlastletter.IwasveryhappywhenIsawitinmymailbox.I’msogladIpersuadedyou______(talk)toRachel.Isn’titwonderful______(have)goodfriends?Speakingoffriends,I’vemetsomenicepeoplehereinLondonandIthinkwemightbecomePracticetothanktotalktohave
43closefriends.Idecidedtowriteratherthan_____(e-mail)youaboutmynewfriends,becauseit’salwaysnice________(receive)aletterfromsomeonespecial.ImetMonicawhenIjoinedtheschoolbadmintonteam.Wegotonreallywellandsoonagreatfriendshipdeveloped.e-mailtoreceiveclosefriends.Idecidedtowr44Sheinvitedme_____(go)toherhouseand_____(watch)DVDs.Wehavebeenfriendseversince.MyotherfriendisJane.Shealwaysletsme______(borrow)herMathsnotes.YouknowIwouldrather____(visit)thedentistthanstudyalgebraandarithmetic!togowatchborrowvisitSheinvitedme_____(go)toh45JanetoldmeIhadbetter_____(spend)moretimestudying,andIhavebeentryingmybest.Howareyoudoingatschool?Ihopeyourresultsarestillgood.Whynot____(write)tomeand___(tell)meallaboutit?spendwritetellJanetoldmeIhadbetter____46Ican’twait_____(see)youagain.Whenareyoucomingtovisitme?Youhadbetter_____(make)itsoon!Whynot____(come)toLondonthisEaster?Wecouldgototheamusementparkoreventothecircus!Takeare,SallytoseemakecomeIcan’twait_____(see)youa47Verb-ingasanoun1.Verb-ingformscanbeusedasanouninasentenceandfunctionasfollows:Verb-ingasanoun1.Verb-ing48SampleSentencesUsagesSwimming
isgoodforyourhealth.AsSubjectIlove
swimming
inthesea.AsObjectIkeepfitby
swimming
everyday.Afterprep.SampleSentencesUsagesSwimming49SampleSentencesUsagesHerswimming
isimprovingdaybyday.AfterPossessivesTheoldmanhastouseawalkingstick.CompoundNounsSampleSentencesUsagesHerswim50SituationsVerb-ingformsareusedWeuseVerb-ing(notainfinitive),afterthefollowingwords:admitdislikeimaginedelayconsidermindunderstandavoidenjoypractisemissfinishkeepsuggestSituationsVerb-ingformsare51cannothelpIcannothelpwonderingwhyshedoesnotlikeme.lookforwardtoIlookforwardtoseeingyouattheparty.feellikeIdon’tfeellikedoinganythingnow.CommonphrasesusedwithVerb-ingforms:cannothelpIcannothelpwonde52cannotstandShecannotstandseeing
thatboy.Itisnouse/goodItisnousecryingabout
yourexamresultsnow.putoffIhadtoputoffshopping
forawhile.keeponHekeptonaskingmeformyphonenumber.cannotShecannotstandseeing53Wecanuseaverb-ingoraninfinitiveafterthefollowingverbswithlittledifferenceinmeaningbutsometimeswithsomedifferenceinmeaningorusagesuchas:continuepreferbeginhatelikestartlove
(littledifferen
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