考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門(mén)安防科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇VIP

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門(mén)安防科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner”.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（）.

2.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto（）.

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段首句“Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.”眼睛是不是“心靈的窗戶”是有爭(zhēng)議的;它們?cè)谌穗H交往中非常重要，這是一個(gè)事實(shí)。A選項(xiàng)“在表達(dá)感情和交換思想方面是極為重要的”，B選項(xiàng)“可以看到一個(gè)人內(nèi)心世界的東西”，C選項(xiàng)“在使談話變得有趣方面具有相當(dāng)重要的意義”，D選項(xiàng)“它的價(jià)值在很大程度上是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題”。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文，“Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.”值得注意的是，一張有眼睛的真實(shí)的人臉可能不會(huì)讓人發(fā)笑，而只看到一只眼睛的側(cè)面也不會(huì)讓人發(fā)笑。A選項(xiàng)“正面被完全感知”，B選項(xiàng)“臉上戴著面具”，C選項(xiàng)“從側(cè)面看臉”，D選項(xiàng)“臉部沒(méi)有任何遮蓋物”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.”如果對(duì)方?jīng)]看，說(shuō)話者就會(huì)認(rèn)為對(duì)方不感興趣，就會(huì)停下來(lái)等對(duì)方繼續(xù)看他，或者終止談話。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人暫時(shí)把目光從另一個(gè)人身上移開(kāi)”，B選項(xiàng)“眼神交流超過(guò)一秒”，C選項(xiàng)“不合時(shí)宜地停止眼神接觸”，D選項(xiàng)“不斷調(diào)整眼神接觸”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的最后一段的最后一句，“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.”當(dāng)兩個(gè)說(shuō)話的人都戴著墨鏡時(shí)，就會(huì)清楚地看到這種眼動(dòng)對(duì)保持談話順暢有多么重要:談話中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)由于打斷、錯(cuò)誤的開(kāi)始和不可預(yù)知的停頓而造成的語(yǔ)塞，A選項(xiàng)“不要戴黑眼鏡”，B選項(xiàng)“不要打岔”，C選項(xiàng)“不要把目光從對(duì)方身上移開(kāi)”，D選項(xiàng)“不要出人意料地停頓”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

WouldyoumindifI___youafewquestions?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amasking

B.willask

C.asked

D.shouldask

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：你介意我問(wèn)你幾個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？根據(jù)句意可知是提出現(xiàn)在的條件，則主句：主語(yǔ)＋would/should/might/could＋動(dòng)詞原形，從句：動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Therewasonlyasmall（）inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intimacy

B.immortality

C.increment

D.incidence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)intimacy表示“性關(guān)系，親密；親昵行為”；B選項(xiàng)immortality表示“不朽，不滅”；C選項(xiàng)increment表示“增量，增加，盈余”；D選項(xiàng)incidence表示“發(fā)生率，影響，后果”。由句意“在過(guò)去十年里，這個(gè)城市的人口只有少量”可知，只有C項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-cooperativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodandservices”thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviorbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby______.

2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,paragraph1)impliesthat______.

3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare______.

4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys______.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.posingacontrast

B.justifyinganassumption

C.makingacomparison

D.explainingaphenomenon

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackingrivals

B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkey’snature

C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

B.attentivetoresearchers’instructions

C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.prefergrapestocucumbers

B.canbetaughttoexchangethings

C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated

D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyintheworld.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“開(kāi)篇作者是通過(guò)什么方法切入主題？”。首段舉出人們對(duì)加薪不等的事情會(huì)氣憤，說(shuō)這種行為是“人類化的”(alltoohuman)，但現(xiàn)在有研究表明這種行為也是“猴子化的”(alltoomonkey)行為。這里對(duì)這種行為的兩種可能的屬性進(jìn)行類比以引出全文的主題；B項(xiàng)“證實(shí)一種假設(shè)”，原文提出的假定原本是人與猴不一樣，所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“解釋一種現(xiàn)象”，這個(gè)說(shuō)法不能夠?qū)㈤_(kāi)頭和主題的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系結(jié)合起來(lái)。另外根據(jù)第二段第二行l(wèi)iketheirfemalehumancounterparts（就像女性人類一樣）可知，這是比較的相同點(diǎn)；A項(xiàng)“指出對(duì)比”和C項(xiàng)“做出對(duì)照”看起來(lái)都是對(duì)的，但是A項(xiàng)里面的contrast是指不同處的比較，comparison是指相同處的比較，因此該題C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“第一段最后一行的句子itisalltoomoney暗示什么？”。先找到alltoohuman的是什么行為，根據(jù)第二句Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.（然而，如果你得知一位同事的工資比你高，你自己的快樂(lè)就會(huì)消失）和第三句Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.（事實(shí)上，如果他以懶散著稱，你甚至可能會(huì)感到憤怒）可以推斷出，人類對(duì)不公平的待遇會(huì)憤怒；最后一句提到有研究表明猴子也有這種行為，稱為alltoomonkey；因此alltoomonkey暗示對(duì)不公平的憎恨猴子也會(huì)。A項(xiàng)“猴子也會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒”，文中只是提到人會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒，沒(méi)有說(shuō)動(dòng)物也會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒，所以不選；C項(xiàng)“猴子和人一樣，也會(huì)彼此嫉妒”是干擾項(xiàng)，文中的主題是告訴大家猴子和人一樣對(duì)不公平也會(huì)憤怒；D項(xiàng)“除了猴子沒(méi)有動(dòng)物能夠培養(yǎng)出這樣的感情”，文中沒(méi)有提到其他動(dòng)物，所以不選。因此該題只有B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“選擇雌性卷尾猴作為研究對(duì)象，很可能是因?yàn)樗鼈兇_實(shí)是……？”。第二段最后一句提到liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.（和人類女性一樣，它們往往比男性更關(guān)注“商品和服務(wù)”的價(jià)值），可知雌性猴子比雄性猴子更會(huì)權(quán)衡。B項(xiàng)“注意研究員的指示”，沒(méi)提到，所以不選；C項(xiàng)“漂亮且性情溫和”，第二段確實(shí)提到了雌性猴子可愛(ài)且性情溫和，但是這不是它們會(huì)被作為研究對(duì)象的原因，是因?yàn)樗鼈兒腿祟惻砸粯訉?duì)價(jià)值的權(quán)衡才是研究的原因；D項(xiàng)“比雄性伙伴更大方”也未提及。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“Brosnan博士和deWaal博士最終在他們的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，猴子……”。最后一段第三句Suchcooperationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.（只有當(dāng)每只動(dòng)物都覺(jué)得沒(méi)有被欺騙時(shí)，這種合作才有可能穩(wěn)定下來(lái)）可知，如果感覺(jué)受到欺騙，猴子之間的合作就被打破了。A項(xiàng)“相比黃瓜更喜歡葡萄”和B項(xiàng)“被教會(huì)交換東西”都是實(shí)驗(yàn)中采取的一些行動(dòng)，不是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，所以不選；D項(xiàng)“當(dāng)被分開(kāi)時(shí)會(huì)不高興”，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是斷章取義，因此錯(cuò)誤。所以，本題正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

5.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“從最后一段我們可以推斷出什么？”。A選項(xiàng)“猴子可以通過(guò)訓(xùn)練來(lái)發(fā)展社交情緒”，看最后一段第一句Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions（研究認(rèn)為，卷尾猴和人類一樣，也會(huì)受到社會(huì)情緒的引導(dǎo)）可知，社會(huì)情緒是受引導(dǎo)而不是訓(xùn)練，A項(xiàng)不選；C項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物通常像人一樣公開(kāi)表達(dá)自己的感情”，看最后一段第三行Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.（義憤填膺的情緒，似乎并不是人類獨(dú)有的），這里文中描述的是憤怒的情緒，開(kāi)頭也是以不公平待遇的憤怒開(kāi)篇，C選項(xiàng)有點(diǎn)過(guò)度解讀，所以不選；D項(xiàng)“猴子之間的合作只有在野外才能保持穩(wěn)定”，文中是說(shuō)不受到欺騙才會(huì)穩(wěn)定，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“人類的憤慨起源于一個(gè)不確定的來(lái)源”，根據(jù)最后一句whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshas35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.（這種公平感是在卷尾猴和人類身上獨(dú)立進(jìn)化而來(lái)的，還是來(lái)自于3500萬(wàn)年前該物種的共同祖先，至今仍是一個(gè)未解之謎），可知人類的這種憤慨起源于不確定的因素，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Tidalactionisaverycomplicatedphenomenoninvolvingmanyfactorsallofwhichmustbeconsideredtopredicttideinanyoneplaceandatanyonetime.Thealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseasandtheoceanismainlycausedbytheattractiveforceofthemoonalone.Whentheattractionisgreat,thetideishigh;andconverselywhentheattractionisminimal,thetideislow.Betweenthehightideandthelowtideisaperiodofalittleoversixhours,beingcalledduringitsriseafloodtide,andduringitsfallanebbtide.

Thesunalsoexertsitseffectonthetide,beingalittlelessthanhalfasmuchasthemoon,althoughit’smassissomuchgreater.Whenthemoonandthesunarehorizontal,thehighesthightideoccursandwhentheyareverticalthelowestlowtidetakesplace.

Thewindalsoplaysanimportantpartinthemodificationofthenormalriseandfallofthetide.Thusthesefactorsaffecteachother,eitherdistractingoraddingtotheattractiveforcestoaddorsubtractfromtheheightofthetide.Butthetidesstillmoveinexorablyon,risingtwiceaday,gettinglittlelatereachdayandposingaproblemofcorrectlypredictingtheirheightsandlows.

46.Theprincipalideasofthearticleconcerns（）.

47.WhichofthefollowingfactorsisNOTmentionedasaffectingthetide?

48.Itcanbeconcludedfromthearticlethattheattractionofthesunis（）.

49.Ifthefirsthightidetakesplaceat1:00a.m.thenexthightidewillprobablytakeplaceat（）.

50.Accordingtothearticle,itisclearthattheroleofthemoon（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theattractionofthesunandthemoon

B.tidalwaves

C.thesun,themoonandthewind

D.featureswhichaffectthetide

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thesun

B.Themoon

C.Thewinds

D.Thedepthoftheocean

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.lessthanhalfthatofthemoon

B.morethanhalfthatofthemoon

C.morethanthatofthemoon

D.lessthantwicethatofthemoon

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.7:20a.m.

B.8:00a.m.

C.1:45p.m.

D.highnoon

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.isnotasimportantasthatofthewind

B.islessthanthatofthesun

C.causesthealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseas

D.haslittleinfluenceonthetide

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】46.主旨大意題。根據(jù)本文的第一句Tidalactionisaverycomplicatedphenomenoninvolvingmanyfactorsallofwhichmustbeconsideredtopredicttideinanyoneplaceandatanyonetime.（潮汐運(yùn)動(dòng)是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)象，涉及了很多必須考慮的因素，來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)在任何地方和任何時(shí)間發(fā)生的潮汐運(yùn)動(dòng)。）接著詳細(xì)介紹了產(chǎn)生潮汐的主要因素。A選項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)和月亮的引力”；B選項(xiàng)“潮汐波”；C選項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)、月亮、風(fēng)”，ABC選項(xiàng)只是文中講到的一些片面信息，不能作為整體概述。D選項(xiàng)“引起潮汐的特征”正確，本文主要列舉了引起潮汐的一些因素。故選D。

47.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。影響潮汐的因素可以看到第一段的第二句Thealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseasandtheoceanismainlycausedbytheattractiveforceofthemoonalone.（海洋表面的交替上升和下降主要是由月球的吸引力引起的。）第二段第一句Thesunalsoexertsitseffectonthetide.（太陽(yáng)也會(huì)對(duì)潮汐有影響。）第三段第一句Thewindalsoplaysanimportantpartinthemodificationofthenormalriseandfallofthetide.（風(fēng)也在影響潮汐正常上升和下降的過(guò)程中起著重要的作用。）唯獨(dú)D選項(xiàng)“海洋的深度”并未有提及，故選D。

48.推理判斷題。定位在第二段第一句Thesunalsoexertsitseffectonthetide,beingalittlelessthanhalfasmuchasthemoon,althoughitsmassissomuchgreater.（太陽(yáng)對(duì)潮汐也發(fā)揮了作用，雖然它的體積狠大，但是，它的作用還不及月亮作用的一半。）由此可知，太陽(yáng)對(duì)潮汐的影響比月亮的少了一半。由此可知A選項(xiàng)“不及月球的一半”正確。即可排除B選項(xiàng)“超過(guò)月亮的一半”和C選項(xiàng)“比月球還要多”，D選項(xiàng)“比月球的影響少兩倍”錯(cuò)誤。故選A。

49.推理判斷題。定位在第一段的最后一句Betweenthehightideandthelowtideisaperiodofalittleoversixhours,beingcalledduringitsriseafloodtide,andduringitsfallanebbtide.（高潮和低潮之間的時(shí)間差超過(guò)六小時(shí)，上升時(shí)被稱之為漲潮，下降時(shí)被稱之為退潮。）題目中第一次的高潮發(fā)生在上午1點(diǎn)，那么接下來(lái)會(huì)有超過(guò)6個(gè)小時(shí)的低潮期，下次高潮的時(shí)間就還需要再加上6個(gè)小時(shí)。由此推理，時(shí)間要超過(guò)12個(gè)小時(shí)。同理可排除ABD選項(xiàng)。故選C。

50.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在第一段的第二句Thealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseasandtheoceanismainlycausedbytheattractiveforceofthemoonalone.（海洋表面的交替上升和下降主要是由月球的吸引力引起的。）A選項(xiàng)“不像風(fēng)那么重要”，B選項(xiàng)“比太陽(yáng)的影響小”，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)潮汐的影響很小”均表述有誤。選項(xiàng)C“導(dǎo)致海平面交替上升和下降”正確。故選C。

6.單選題

Theessentialproblemofmaninacomputerizedageremainsthesameasithasalwaysbeen.Theproblemisnotsolelyhowtobemoreproductive,morecomfortable,morecontent,buthowtobemoresensitive,moresensible,moreproportionate,morealive.Thecomputermakespossibleaphenomenalleapinhumanproficiency;itdemolishesthefencesaroundthepracticalandeventhetheoreticalintelligence.Butthequestionpersistsandindeedgrowswhetherthecomputerwillmakeiteasierorharderforhumanbeingstoknowwhotheyreallyare,toidentifytheirrealproblems,torespondmorefullytobeauty,toplaceadequatevalueonlife,andtomaketheirworldsaferthanitnowis.

Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadendsinvolvedinvitalresearch.Buttheycan'teliminatethefoolishnessanddecaythatcomefromtheunexaminedlife.Nordotheyconnectamantothethingshehastobeconnectedto——therealityofpaininothers;thepossibilitiesofcreativegrowthinhimself;thememoryoftherace;andtherightsofthenextgeneration.

Thereasonwhythesemattersareimportantinacomputerizedageisthattheremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom,justastherehasalwaysbeenatendencytoconfuselogicwithvalues,andintelligencewithinsight.Unobstructedaccesstofactscanproduceunlimitedgoodonlyifitismatchedbythedesireandabilitytofindoutwhattheymeanandwheretheywouldlead.

Factsareterriblethingsifleftsprawlingandunattended.Theyaretooeasilyregardedasevaluatedcertaintiesratherthanastherawestofrawmaterialscryingtobeprocessedintothetextureoflogic.Itrequiresaveryunusualmind,Whiteheadsaid,toundertaketheanalysisofafact.Thecomputercanprovideacorrectnumber,butitmaybeanirrelevantnumberuntiljudgmentispronounced.

Totheextent,then,thatmanfailstomakethedistinctionbetweentheintermediateoperationsofelectronicintelligenceandtheultimateresponsibilitiesofhumandecisionandconscience,thecomputercouldproveadigression.Itcouldobscureman'sawarenessoftheneedtocometotermswithhimself.Itmayfostertheillusionthatheisaskingfundamentalquestionswhenheisactuallyaskingonlyfunctionalones.Itmayberegardedasasubstituteforintelligenceinsteadofanextensiontoit.Itmaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcreteanswers."Ifwebeginwithcertainties,"Baconsaid,weshallendindoubts,butifwebeginwithdoubts,andwearepatientwiththem,weshallendincertainties.

1.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheauthorwouldbelesscriticalofthecomputerif（

）.

2.Inacomputerizedage,whichoneofthefollowingshouldbegivenpriorityto?

3.Bysayingthat"Factsareterriblethingsifleftsprawlingandunattended"(Paragraph4),theauthoraimsto

（

）.

4.Theauthorregardscomputeras（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itcanbetterimprovehumanproficiency

B.itcanbreaktheboundaryofthepracticalandtheoreticalintelligence

C.itcanbemorecreative

D.itcanmakepeoplemorealerttorealproblemsinhumansociety

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wisdom.

B.Intelligence.

C.Data.

D.Fact.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.pointoutthattheabundanceoffactsmaybeharmfultohumanintellect

B.illustratethenecessityofalwaysattendingtofacts

C.showtheimportanceofusingpeople'sjudgmentinthecomputerizedage

D.tellthatfactsarealwaysirrelevantandneedtobeconnected

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.asubstituteforhumanintelligence

B.ameanstohelppeoplereachconcreteanswers

C.somethingthatcaninspirepeopletoaskfundamentalquestions

D.somethingthatisofsubsidiaryfunction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第一段中“Theproblemisnotsolelyhowtobemoreproductive,morecomfortable,morecontent,buthowtobemoresensitive,moresensible,moreproportionate,morealive.問(wèn)題不只是如何更有效率、更舒適、更滿足，而是如何更敏感、更明智、更均衡、更有活力。”以及第二段中“Nordotheyconnectamantothethingshehastobeconnectedto—therealityofpaininothers;thepossibilitiesofcreativegrowthinhimself;thememoryoftherace;andtherightsofthenextgeneration.它們也不能將一個(gè)人與之必須要聯(lián)系的事情聯(lián)系起來(lái)——即一些現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題，比如他人痛苦；自身創(chuàng)造性成長(zhǎng)的可能性；種族的記憶；以及下一代的權(quán)利?？芍髡咛岢隽擞?jì)算機(jī)目前不能解決人類生活中的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題。故D項(xiàng)“如果計(jì)算機(jī)能夠更敏感地捕捉人類社會(huì)存在的真實(shí)問(wèn)題，那么作者會(huì)少些批判”正確。由“Thecomputermakespossibleaphenomenalleapinhumanproficiency;itdemolishesthefencesaroundthepracticalandeventhetheoreticalintelligence.計(jì)算機(jī)使人類熟練程度的顯著飛躍成為可能；它打破了實(shí)踐智能甚至理論智能的藩籬?！笨芍狝B兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)可以做到了。C項(xiàng)在文中未提及。答案D

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段中“Thereasonwhythesemattersareimportantinacomputerizedageisthattheremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom在計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代，這些問(wèn)題之所以重要，是因?yàn)榭赡苡幸环N將數(shù)據(jù)誤認(rèn)為是智慧的傾向”可反推在計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代，最重要的不是數(shù)據(jù)，而是智慧。故A項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:推理判斷題。由第四段中“Theyaretooeasilyregardedasevaluatedcertaintiesratherthanastherawestofrawmaterialscryingtobeprocessedintothetextureoflogic.它們太容易被認(rèn)為是經(jīng)過(guò)評(píng)估的事實(shí)，而不是迫切需要加工成具有邏輯的最原始的材料?！币约啊癟hecomputercanprovideacorrectnumber,butitmaybeanirrelevantnumberuntiljudgmentispronounced.計(jì)算機(jī)可以提供一個(gè)正確的數(shù)字，但在做出判斷之前，它可能是一個(gè)不相關(guān)的數(shù)字?！笨芍娔X的數(shù)據(jù)不一定正確，需要人們?nèi)ヅ袛?。答案C

第4題:推理判斷題。由第二段中“Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadendsinvolvedinvitalresearch.電腦能減少重要研究中的許多死胡同。”可知計(jì)算機(jī)只是起到輔助作用。由最后一段“Itmayfostertheillusionthatheisaskingfundamentalquestionswhenheisactuallyaskingonlyfunctionalones.Itmayberegardedasasubstituteforintelligenceinsteadofanextensiontoit.Itmaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcreteanswers.這可能會(huì)造成一種錯(cuò)覺(jué)，讓人們覺(jué)得他問(wèn)的是基本問(wèn)題，而實(shí)際上他問(wèn)的只是功能性問(wèn)題。讓人們覺(jué)得它可以被看作是智力的替代品，而不是智力的延伸。它可能會(huì)使人們對(duì)具體的答案產(chǎn)生過(guò)分的信心?？芍狝BC三項(xiàng)不正確。答案D

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.Thelargestpartsofthebrainarethecerebralhemispheres,whichoccupymostoftheinterioroftheskull.Theyarelayeredstructures,themostcomplexbeingtheouterlayer,knownasthecerebralcortex（大腦皮層）,wherethenervecellsareextremelydenselypackedtoallowgreatinterconnectivity.Itsfunctionisnotfullyunderstood,butwecangetsomeindicationofitspurposefromstudiesofanimalsthathavehaditremoved.Adog,forexample,canstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkifitisdisturbed.However,italsobecomesblindandlosesitssenseofsmell—moresignificantly,perhaps,itlosesallinterestinitsenvironment,notrespondingtopeopleortoitsname,nortootherdogs,evenoftheoppositesex.Italsolosesallabilitytolearn.Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.Thecerebralcortexhasbeenthesubjectofinvestigationbyresearchersformanyyears,andisslowlyrevealingitssecrets.Itdemonstratesalocalizationoffunctions,inthatdifferentareasofthecortexfulfilldifferentfunctions,suchasmotioncontrol,hearingandvision.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones.Althoughmuchofthisstructureisgeneticallypredetermined,theorientation-specificlayoutofthecellsappearstobelearntatanearlystage.Animalsboughtupinanenvironmentofpurelyhorizontallinesdonotdevelopneuronstructuresthatrespondtoverticalorientations,showingthatthesestructuresaredevelopedduetoenvironmentalinputandnotpurelyfromgeneticpredetermination.Thisiscalledself-organizationofthevisualcortexsincethereisexternalteachertoguidethedevelopmentofthesestructures.

1.Theorganizationofbrainischaracterizedby（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,adogcanstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkwhen（

）is(are)removed.

3.Theword“seat”inline12ofthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

4.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinterestingbecause（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingheadingsisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinterioroftheskull

B.differentregionsresponsiblefordifferentfunctions

C.theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex

D.thenervecellsdenselypacked

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.nervecells

B.theskull

C.thehemispheres

D.thecerebralcortex

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.achair

B.partofthebody

C.placewheresomethingisorwheresomethingiscarriedon

D.cortex

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.specificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli

B.muchofthestructureisgeneticallypredetermined

C.horizontallinesarestimulated

D.verticallinesarestimulated

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheCerebralCortex

B.ThespecificLayersofNeurons

C.TheOrganizationoftheBrain

D.TheCerebralHemispheres

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：大腦組織的特點(diǎn)是……。A選項(xiàng)“頭骨的內(nèi)部”；B選項(xiàng)“不同的區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)不同的功能”；C選項(xiàng)“theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex”；D選項(xiàng)“神經(jīng)細(xì)胞密集排列”。第一段第一句話Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.（大腦被組織成不同的區(qū)域，每個(gè)區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)不同的功能，在人類中這個(gè)組織非常明顯），因此答案選B。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，狗被除去（）仍然可以移動(dòng)，吃飯和睡覺(jué)，甚至吠喊。A選項(xiàng)“神經(jīng)細(xì)胞”；B選項(xiàng)“頭骨”；C選項(xiàng)“半腦”；D選項(xiàng)“大腦皮層”。根據(jù)題干定位到第八九句話Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.（實(shí)際上，它失去了我們通常所說(shuō)的智力的特征——意識(shí)、興趣、與環(huán)境的互動(dòng)，以及適應(yīng)和學(xué)習(xí)的能力。因此，大腦皮層似乎是大腦高級(jí)功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。）從這里可以看出答案選D。

第3題:詞義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)“椅子”；B選項(xiàng)“身體的一部分”，C選項(xiàng)“某物所在的地方或某物被進(jìn)行的地方”；D選項(xiàng)“皮質(zhì)”。Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.（因此，大腦皮層似乎是大腦高級(jí)功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。）這里seat在文中的不是本意“椅子”，而是引申義“智力所在之地”，所以答案選C。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：皮質(zhì)層的視覺(jué)部分尤其有趣因?yàn)椤?。A選項(xiàng)“特定的神經(jīng)元層對(duì)特定的輸入刺激方向敏感”；B選項(xiàng)“大部分結(jié)構(gòu)是由基因決定的”；C選項(xiàng)“水平線受到刺激”；D選項(xiàng)“垂直線受到刺激”。根據(jù)題干定位到倒數(shù)第十行Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones（大腦皮層的視覺(jué)部分尤其有趣。在視覺(jué)皮層中，對(duì)細(xì)胞的電刺激可以產(chǎn)生光的感覺(jué)，詳細(xì)分析表明，特定的神經(jīng)元層對(duì)特定的輸入刺激方向敏感，因此，一層對(duì)水平線反應(yīng)最大，而另一層對(duì)垂直線反應(yīng)最大）所以排除C、D選項(xiàng)，答案選A，選項(xiàng)B沒(méi)有提及。

第5題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“大腦皮層”；B選項(xiàng)“神經(jīng)元的特殊層”；C選項(xiàng)“大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)”；D選項(xiàng)“大腦半球”。原文最開(kāi)始引出了大腦皮層這一話題，通過(guò)舉了狗和視覺(jué)皮層中的例子來(lái)表明大腦皮層的作用，提出“大腦皮層似乎是大腦高階功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。大腦皮層多年來(lái)一直是研究人員研究的主題”這一概念，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B，C，D選項(xiàng)都是文章中的片面的內(nèi)容，文章沒(méi)有花費(fèi)大量筆墨描寫(xiě)“神經(jīng)元的特殊層”；“大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)”；D“大腦半球”，屬于以偏概全。

8.單選題

Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.Thefirstisthebroadareaofcommunication,whichincludesimpartinginformationbyuseoflanguage,communicatingwithagrouporanindividual,andspecializedcommunicationthroughperformance.Apersonconveysthoughtsandideasthroughchoiceofwords,byatoneofvoicethatispleasantorunpleasant,gentleorharsh,bytherhythmthatisinherentwithinthelanguageitself,andbyspeechrhythmsthatareflowingandregularorunevenandhesitant,andfinally,bythepitchandmelodyoftheutterance.Whenspeakingbeforeagroup,aperson’stonemayindicateunsurenessorfright,confidenceorcalm.Atinterpersonallevels,thetonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethe