考研考博-英語-四川信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Therearehiddenfactorswhichscientistscall“feedbackmechanisms”.Nooneknowsquitehowtheywillinteractwiththechangingclimate.Here’soneexample:plantsandanimalsadapttoclimatechangeovercenturies.Atthecurrentestimateofhalfadegreecentigradeofwarmingperdecade,vegetationmaynotkeepup.ClimatologistJamesHansenpredictsclimatezoneswillshifttowardthepolesby50to75kilometersayear―fasterthantreescannaturallymigrate.Speciesthatfindthemselvesinanunfamiliarenvironmentwilldie.The1000kilometer-widestripofforestrunningthroughCanada,theUSSR,andScandinaviacouldbecutbyhalf.Millionsofdyingtreeswouldsoonleadtomassiveforestfires,releasingtonsofC02andfurtherboostingglobalwarming.

Therearedozensofotherpossible“feedbackmechanisms”.Highertemperatureswillfuelcondensationandincreasecloudiness,whichmayactuallydampdownglobalwarming.Others,likethe“albedo”effect,willdotheopposite.The“albedo”effectistheamountofsolarenergyreflectedbytheearth'ssurface.Asnortherniceandsnowmeltsandthedarkerseaandlandpokesthrough,moreheatwillbeabsorbed,addingtotheglobaltemperatureincrease.

Evenifweweretomagicallystopallgreenhouse-gasemissionstomorrowtheimpactonglobalclimatewouldcontinuefordecades.Delaywillsimplymaketheproblemworse.Thefactisthatsomeofusaredoingquitewellthewaythingsare.Inthedevelopedworldprosperityhasbeenbuilton150yearsofcheapfossilfuels.

Materialprogresshasbeenlinkedtoenergyconsumption.Today75percentofalltheworld'senergyisconsumedbyaquarteroftheworld’spopulation.Theaveragerichworldresidentaddsabout3.2tonsofC02yearlytotheatmosphere,morethanfourtimestheleveladdedbyeachThirdWorldcitizen.TheUS,withjust7percentoftheglobalpopulation,isresponsiblefor22percentofglobalwarming.

1.“Feedbackmechanisms”inParagraph1mostprobablyreferto（

）.

2.JamesHansenpredictsthattheshiftofclimatezoneswillbeaccompaniedby（

）.

3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howplantsandanimalsadapttohiddenfactors

B.howplantsandanimalsinteractwiththechangingclimate

C.howclimatechanges

D.howclimatezonesshift

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecuttingofmanytrees

B.desirableenvironmentalchanges

C.successfulmigrationofspecies

D.unsuccessfulmigrationoftrees

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.somefeedbackmechanismsmayslowdownglobalwarming

B.thebasicfactsofglobalwarmingareunknown

C.developingcountriesbenefitfromcheapfossilfuels

D.developedcountrieshavedecidedtoreducetheirenergyconsumption?

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedevelopingworldhasdecidedtoincreaseitsenergyconsumption

B.athird-worldcitizenaddslessthanatonofC02yearlytotheatmosphere

C.theworldclimatewouldsoongainitsbalanceifwestoppedgreenhouse-gasemissions

D.futureprosperityoftheworldisdependentoncheapfossilfuels

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.MaterialProgressandEnergyConsumption.

B.ProsperityandCheapFossilFuels.

C.ImpactofGlobalWarmingonClimate.

D.PlantsandAnimalsintheChangingClimate.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段，作者舉出了植物和動(dòng)物適應(yīng)氣候變化的例子。氣溫上升可能對植被的生長帶來不利影響，氣候區(qū)的移動(dòng)會(huì)使處于陌生環(huán)境下的物種死亡。瀕臨死亡的植被會(huì)引發(fā)火災(zāi)釋放大量的二氧化碳，從而進(jìn)一步加劇全球變暖?？膳袛喑龅谝欢沃饕懻摿藙?dòng)植物和氣候變化之間的相互作用和相互關(guān)系。所謂的“反饋機(jī)制”就是這種相互作用的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“ClimatologistJamesHansenpredictsclimatezoneswillshifttowardthepolesby50to75kilometersayear―fasterthantreescannaturallymigrate.Speciesthatfindthemselvesinanunfamiliarenvironmentwilldie.”，可知?dú)夂驅(qū)W家詹姆斯?漢森預(yù)測，氣候區(qū)將以每年50至75公里的速度向兩極移動(dòng)，比樹的自然移動(dòng)速度要快。而且發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身處陌生環(huán)境的物種將會(huì)死亡。可判斷出詹姆斯?漢森預(yù)測，氣候區(qū)域的變化將伴隨著樹木不成功地遷移。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Therearedozensofotherpossible‘feedbackmechanisms’.Highertemperatureswillfuelcondensationandincreasecloudiness,whichmayactuallydampdownglobalwarming.”，可知還有許多其他的反饋機(jī)制。更高的溫度將加劇凝結(jié)并增加云層，這實(shí)際上可能會(huì)減緩全球變暖。可判斷出一些反饋機(jī)制可能會(huì)減緩全球變暖。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Theaveragerichworldresidentaddsabout3.2tonsofC02yearlytotheatmosphere,morethanfourtimestheleveladdedbyeachThirdWorldcitizen.”，可知富裕國家居民平均每年向大氣中排放3.2噸二氧化碳，是第三世界居民人均排放量的四倍多?？膳袛喑鲆粋€(gè)第三世界國家的居民每年向大氣中排放的二氧化碳還不到一噸。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.主旨大意題?？v觀全文，文章第一段主要討論了動(dòng)植物和全球氣候變暖之間的相互作用和相互關(guān)系，著重討論氣候變暖給動(dòng)植物帶來的影響。第二段主要提到有些反饋機(jī)制也能減緩全球變暖，而有些反饋機(jī)制會(huì)加快氣溫上升。最后提到富國比第三世界國家的二氧化碳排放量要更多，這是因?yàn)槲镔|(zhì)進(jìn)步與能源消耗有關(guān)。綜上所述，整篇文章主題為全球變暖對氣候的影響。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

（）theincreaseinthenumberofcomputersinouroffices,theamountofpaperthatweneedhasrisenaswell.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Alongwith

B.Altogether

C.Although

D.Allalong

【答案】A

【解析】alongwith隨同...…一起；altogether完全，總而言之；although盡管，雖然；allalong始終，一直。句意：隨著我們辦公室電腦數(shù)量的增加，我們需要的紙的數(shù)量也增加了。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.翻譯題

蚯蚓是一種有益的動(dòng)物，在地面上它是其他動(dòng)物的食物。在地下，它為田野和花園制造肥沃的土壤。蚯蚓能挖洞，而洞穴能使土壤疏松，因而使空氣和水更容易地到達(dá)植物的根部。這些孔道還有利于土壤的排水。蚯蚓把枯萎的樹葉，草和花瓣拖進(jìn)洞穴中。當(dāng)這些植物垃圾腐爛以后，就使土壤更加肥沃。蚯蚓在制造優(yōu)良的土壤方面所起的作用是其他任何動(dòng)物所比不上的。據(jù)有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，五萬條蚯蚓一年內(nèi)能在一英畝的土地上制造大約十八噸優(yōu)良的土壤。

【答案】Theearthwormisakindofbeneficialworm.Itisthefoodoftheanimalsontheground.Underground,itfertilizesthesoiloffieldandgarden.Earthwormsdigburrowswhichloosenthesoilsoastoairandwatercanmoreeasilyreachtherootsofplants.Theburrowalsofacilitatesoildrainage.Earthwormsdragdeadleaves,grassandpetalsintotheirburrowsandthedecayofthosethingsfertilizethesoil.Itcontributemoreexcellentsurfacesoilthananyanimals.Accordingtorelevantstatistics,withinoneyear,fiftythousandearthwormscanproduceabouteighteentonsoffinesoilononeacreofland.

4.單選題

Iwouldneverhave（

）acourtoflawifIhadn'tbeensodesperate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soughtfor

B.accountedfor

C.turnedup

D.resortedto

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。seekfor“尋求，追求”；accountfor“對…做出解釋”；turnup“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”；resortto“依靠，求助于，訴諸”。句意：如果我沒到如此絕望的地步，我是不會(huì)訴諸法律的。根據(jù)前后句意可知D項(xiàng)符合，答案D

5.單選題

Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto（）theproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relate

B.tackle

C.file

D.attach

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)relate“關(guān)聯(lián)”；B選項(xiàng)tackle“處理”；C選項(xiàng)file“提出”；D選項(xiàng)attach“附加”。句意：盡管許多專家一致認(rèn)為有更多的兒童超重，但是對于解決這個(gè)問題的最佳方法還存在爭議。本句表示解決兒童超重問題的方法，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thetradeunionsinthisindustryare（

）anyreductioninwages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.objectingagainst

B.opposedto

C.resistingagainst

D.reactedto

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“anyreductioninwages工資的任何減少”和四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的對應(yīng)構(gòu)成選擇固定搭配“beopposedtosth反對某事”的B項(xiàng)正確。英語中一般不用“objectagainst”或“resistagainst”的搭配；英語中沒有“bereactedtosth.”這種搭配，一般用“reactedtosth.對某事起反應(yīng)”。句意為：這個(gè)行業(yè)的工會(huì)反對任何減薪。故正確答案選B。

7.寫作題

Directions:Writeacompositiononthetopic"TheSocialFunctionofHealth".Youshouldwriteatleast250wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow:

1.健康在個(gè)人行使社會(huì)功能中的作用。

2.健康對于整個(gè)社會(huì)的作用。

3.健康不僅是醫(yī)學(xué)問題，更是社會(huì)問題。

【答案】略

8.單選題

Inrecentyears,wehaveallwatchedtheincreasingcommercializationofthecampus.Thenumerousadvertisingpostersandthegoldenarchesoffastfoodoutletsmaybeanaffronttoouraestheticsensibilities,buttheyare,arguably,noworsethanugly.Someoftheothernewfeaturesofcommercializedcampuslifedo,however,constituteaseriousthreattothingswerightlyrevere.“Privatization”andthe“businessmodel”arethepotentialmenace.

Whatdothesenotionsmean?Tome,theyinvolveanincreaseddependenceonindustryandphilanthropyforoperatingtheuniversity;anincreasedamountofourresourcesbeingdirectedtoappliedorso-calledpracticalsubjects,bothinteachingandinresearch;aproprietarytreatmentofresearchresults,withthecommercialinterestinsecrecyoverridingthepublic’sinterestinfree,sharedknowledge;andanattempttoruntheuniversitymorelikeabusinessthattreatsindustryandstudentsasclientsandourselvesasserviceproviderswithsomethingtosell.Wepayincreasingattentiontotheimmediateneedsanddemandsofour“customers”and,astheoldsayinggoes,“thecustomerisalwaysright”.

Privatizationisparticularlyfrighteningfromthepointofviewofpublicwell-being.Aresearcheremployedbyauniversity-affiliatedhospitalinCanada,workingundercontractwithapharmaceuticalcompany,madepublicherfindingsthataparticulardrugwasharmful.Thisviolatedthetermsofhercontract,andsoshewasfired.Herdismissalcausedascandal,andshewassubsequentlyreinstated.Theuniversityandhospitalinquestionarenowworkingoutsomethingakintotenureforhospital-basedresearchersandguidelinesforcontracts,sothatmorepublicdisclosureofprivatelyfundedresearchwillbecomepossible.Thisisararevictoryandasmallstepintherightdirection,butthegeneraltrendistheotherway.Thankstoprofit-drivenprivatefunding,researchersarenotonlyforcedtokeepvaluableinformationsecret,theyareoftencontractuallyobligedtokeepdiscovereddangerstopublichealthunderwraps,too.Ofcourse,wemustnotbetoonaiveaboutthis.Governmentscanunwiselyinsistinsecrecy,too,asdidtheBritishMinistryofAgriculture,Fisheries,andFoodintheworktheyfundedinconnectionwiththebovinespongiformencephalopathyepidemic.Thispreventedothersfromreviewingtherelevantdataandpointingoutthatproblemsweremoreseriousthangovernmentwaslettingon.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthatthecampuslifebecome（

）.

2.Theauthorbelievesthatweshouldpay

（

）.

3.Theresearchermentionedinthethirdparagraphwasfiredbecause

（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Theauthorarguesfor（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreconvenient

B.ratherugly

C.somewhatharmful

D.nomoreaestheticthanbefore

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.moreattentiontotheimmediateneedsanddemandsofourcustomers

B.dueattentiontothepublicinterestinfree,sharedknowledge

C.littleattentiontoappliedsubjects

D.considerableattentiontothecommercialinterestinthesecrecyofresearchresults

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sheworkedforapharmaceuticalcompany

B.shewasobligedtokeepherdiscoveriessecret

C.shefailedtokeepherresearchresultssecret

D.shecommittedherselftoacontractwithacompany

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thegeneralpublicistoonaivetoacceptthe“privatization”

B.itisageneraltrendthattherewillbemorepublicdisclosureofprivatelyfundedresearch

C.thenotionthat‘thecustomerisalwaysright”isoutofdate

D.thebovinespongiformencephalopathyepidemicinBritainwasmoreseriousthanwhatwasdisclosed

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.publicdisclosureofprivatelyfundedresearch

B.profit-drivenprivatefunding

C.thecooperationofuniversitiesandhospitals

D.theincreasingcommercializationofthecampus

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段someoftheothernewfeaturesofcommercializedcampuslifedo,however,constituteaseriousthreattothingswerightlyrevere提到商業(yè)化正嚴(yán)重威脅學(xué)生的校園生活，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.文章第二段withthecommercialinterestinsecrecyoverridingthepublic’sinterestinfree,sharedknowledge;andanattempttoruntheuniversitymorelikeabusinessthattreatsindustryandstudentsasclientsandourselvesasserviceproviderswithsomethingtosell提到商業(yè)利益的保密性凌駕于大眾的知情權(quán)之上，他們試圖把大學(xué)變成一個(gè)商業(yè)場所，作者對這種做法是表示批判的，因此可以推斷出作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該給予大眾知情權(quán)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章第三段提到這位研究者與公司是簽訂了保密協(xié)議的，但是她卻將公司生產(chǎn)有害藥品的事情公之于眾(madepublicherfindingsthataparticulardrugwasharmful)，因此她違反了當(dāng)初簽的協(xié)議，所以被解雇了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章最后一段ofcourse,wemustnotbetoonaiveaboutthis.Governmentscanunwiselyinsistinsecrecy,too,asdidtheBritishMinistryofAgriculture,Fisheries,andFoodintheworktheyfundedinconnectionwiththebovinespongiformencephalopathyepidemic提到政府同樣會(huì)對安全信息保密，然后舉了這個(gè)bovinespongiformencephalopathy這個(gè)病，言下之意是政府報(bào)道出的內(nèi)容沒有實(shí)際的嚴(yán)重，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.作者在文章中是支持把信息公開的，對那些剝奪民眾知情權(quán)的做法是表示反對的，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Itmightbesupposedthatgreaterefficiencycouldbeachievedifseveralpeopleworkedtogethertosolveaproblemthanifonlyoneindividualworksonit.

Althoughgroupsoftenmayincreasethemotivationoftheirmemberstodealwithproblems,thereareconflictsarisingamongmembersofagroup.Problemsolvingneedsthepresenceofaneffectiveleaderwhonotonlyprovidesdirection,butalsopermitstheorderly,constructiveexpressionofdifferentopinions;muchoftheleader’seffortmaybedevotedtoresolvingdifferences.Successinproblemsolvingalsodependsonthedistributionofabilitywithinagroup.

Althoughgroupsmayreachagreaternumberofcorrectsolutions,ormayrequirelesstimetodiscover

ananswer,theirefficiencyistypicallylowerthanthatachievedbyskilledindividualsworkingalone.

Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof.Theoreticallytheseunrestrictedsuggestionsincreasetheprobabilitythatatleastsomebettersolutionswillappear.Nevertheless,studiesshowthatwhenindividualsworkaloneundersimilarconditions,performancetendstoproceedmoreefficientlythanitdoesingroups.

Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythanacompetentindividualdoes.Groupmembersmaycontributedifferentresourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanachievealone.Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasingleissue,asinmakingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderthegovernments.Whenonlyoneamongseveralsolutionsiscorrect,evenifagrouprequiresmoretime,ithasahigherprobabilityofidentifyingtherightonethandoesanindividualalone.

1.Inagroup,problemsolvingneeds（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itiseasierforgroupstoreach（）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatunrestrictedsuggestionscanbringabout（）.

4.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatagroupwillbemoreefficientin（）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thepresenceofaneffectiveleader

B.thebestwaytocollectresources

C.everyonetoworkharder

D.morefunds

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mistakestheywanttomake

B.theplacewhichtheywanttogo

C.theplacewheretheywanttorest

D.agreaternumberofcorrectsolutions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sometrouble

B.somebettersolutions

C.somemoretime

D.somemoreeffort

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.discussingdirections

B.correctingmistakes

C.dealingwithnationalproblems

D.findingaproblem

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Agroupofpeoplemaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythananindividual.

B.Theefficiencyofagroupisworstintheworld.

C.Agroupwillnotbeefficientindealingwithnationalpolicies.

D.Effectiveleadersoftensolvetheproblemsthemselves.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Problemsolvingneedsthepresenceofaneffectiveleader...ofdifferentopinions.”解決問題需要一個(gè)有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，他不僅提供解決問題的方向，而且允許有序地、建設(shè)性地表達(dá)不同意見。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段可知，團(tuán)隊(duì)可能會(huì)更容易找到很多解決問題的正確方案。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Groupmembersmaycontributedifferentresourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanachievealone.”。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasingleissue,asinmakingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderthegovernments.”有時(shí)，社會(huì)需求可能需要就一個(gè)問題達(dá)成集體協(xié)議，例如在政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下制定國家經(jīng)濟(jì)或軍事政策。由此推斷，在處理國家問題時(shí)，團(tuán)隊(duì)將會(huì)更有效率，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是團(tuán)隊(duì)合作而不是個(gè)人能力，所以只有選項(xiàng)A正確，其他選項(xiàng)均不正確。

10.單選題

1.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howtodealwithhissleepingproblem.

B.Thecauseofhissleepingproblem.

C.Whatfollowshisinsomnia.

D.Theseverityofhismedicalproblem.

【答案】A

【解析】M:WhatabouttheproblemthatI’vebeenhavinginsleeping?

W:Iamgoingtogiveyouaprescriptionofsomemedicinetohelpyougetabetternight’ssleep.

Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。通過對話得知，男士睡眠不好，女士要給他開藥改善睡眠。

11.單選題

Theseexcursionswillgiveyouanevendeeper（）intoourlanguageandculture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inquiry

B.investigation

C.input

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。inquiry詢問，調(diào)查；investigation調(diào)查，研究；input輸入，投入；insight深入了解，深刻見解。句意：這次短途旅行會(huì)使你對我們的語言和文化有更加深入的

。因此D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Aswepassedoverthedarkbridgeherwanfacefelllazilyagainstmycoat’sshoulder.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.charming

B.cheerful

C.pale

D.uneasy

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.charming令人著迷的，迷人的B.cheerful快樂的，高興的

C.pale灰白的，蒼白的D.uneasy擔(dān)心的，憂慮的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】wan的意思為“蒼白無力的，無血色的”，這里形容她臉色蒼白，pale與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】當(dāng)我們走過漆黑的橋時(shí)，她蒼白的臉懶洋洋地貼在我的外套上。

13.填空題

AfterI（1）theuniversityentranceexam,Iwasextremelyupset,becauseIwasalmostsureIhad（2）thetest.Tomy（3）,it（

4）outthatIhadgottenthehighestscoreintheprovince!

句意:大學(xué)入學(xué)考試考完，我感到非常沮喪，因?yàn)槲規(guī)缀醮_信自己考試沒有通過。然而令我感到意外的是自己最后的實(shí)際成績是省里的最高分。

【答案】1.finished

2.failed

3.surprise

4.tumed

【解析】1.語義題。句意為高考結(jié)束，動(dòng)詞finish合適，根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)為過去式，故用finished。

2.固定搭配。failtheexam考試失敗。這里用過去完成時(shí)。

3.固定搭配。toone’ssurprise令某人驚訝的是。

4.固定搭配。Itturnsoutthat結(jié)果是…。

14.單選題

Cultureisthetotalsumofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsassavage,undevelopedformsofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyfullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflectstheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin“backward”languages,whiledifferentfromours,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.Anaccidentallanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(“this”and“that”);somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.

Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturearetobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.

1.ThelanguageofuncivilizedgroupsascomparedtoWesternlanguagesarelimitedin（）.

2.Theauthorsaysthatprofessionallinguistsrecognizethat（）.

3.Thearticlestatesthatgrunt-and-groanformsofspeecharefound（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,languages,whethercivilizedornot,have（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedbutnotarticulatedinthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soundpatterns

B.vocabularies

C.grammaticalstructures

D.bothAandB

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.WesternlanguagesaresuperiortoEasternlanguages

B.Alllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroans

C.Thehierarchyoflanguagesisdifficulttounderstand

D.Thereisnohierarchyoflanguages

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.nowheretoday

B.amongtheAustralianaborigines

C.amongEasterncultures

D.amongpeoplespeaking“backward”languages

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thepotentialforexpandingvocabulary

B.theirownsoundpatterns

C.anabilitytotransferideas

D.grammaticalstructures

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thestudyoflanguageshasdiscreditedanthropologicalstudies.

B.Thestudyoflanguagehasreinforcedanthropologistsintheirviewthatthereisnohierarchyamongcultures.

C.Thestudyoflanguageisthesameasthestudyofanthropologists.

D.Thestudyoflanguagescastsanewlightupontheclaimofanthropologists.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的第四句“TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyfullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflectstheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.它們（不文明群體的語言）落后于我們的西方語言，通常不是在完全滿足所有語言所需要的聲音模式或語法結(jié)構(gòu)上，而只是在反映說話者所知道的對象和活動(dòng)的詞匯上?！庇纱丝芍?，與西方語言相比，不文明群體的語言在詞匯方面受到限制，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容“對于專業(yè)的人類學(xué)家來說，文化之間沒有本質(zhì)上的優(yōu)越，正如對于專業(yè)的語言學(xué)家來說，語言之間也沒有本質(zhì)上的等級(jí)關(guān)系?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段一、二句的內(nèi)容“人們曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為落后群體的語言是野蠻的、不發(fā)達(dá)的語言形式，主要由咕噥和呻吟組成。雖然語言可能是從一系列的咕噥和呻吟開始的，但對‘落后’語言的研究證實(shí)，現(xiàn)在的口語語言都不符合這一描述。”也就是說，咕噥和呻吟的語言形式現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在了，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段提及“Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.所有的語言似乎都有擴(kuò)充詞匯的機(jī)制，它們可以把已經(jīng)存在的詞匯組合在一起，也可以從其他語言中借用詞匯并使其適應(yīng)自己的系統(tǒng)?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為語言無論文明與否，都有擴(kuò)大詞匯量的潛力，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容“這種對語言的研究，反過來又為人類學(xué)家的主張?zhí)峁┝诵碌木€索，即所有的文化都應(yīng)該被獨(dú)立地看待，沒有等級(jí)或?qū)蛹?jí)的觀念。”選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C在文中沒有信息體現(xiàn)；D選項(xiàng)是原文明確提出的觀點(diǎn)，不符合題干的意思。B選項(xiàng)“對語言的研究強(qiáng)化了人類學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，即文化之間沒有等級(jí)之分”與最后一段表達(dá)的意思一致，所以正確。

15.單選題

Mendifferfromanimals（）theycanthinkandspeak.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forwhich

B.forthat

C.inthat

D.inwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查原因狀語從句。A選項(xiàng)forwhich和D選項(xiàng)inwhich引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，排除A，D；B選項(xiàng)forthat不能引導(dǎo)從句，排除B。C選項(xiàng)inthat意思是“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)原因狀語從句。句意：人不同于動(dòng)物，因?yàn)槿藭?huì)思考和說話。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

______thatthey’reyoungandinexperienced,they’vedonequiteagoodjob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Being

B.Provided

C.Given

D.Now

【答案】C

【解析】考查分詞性從屬連詞。句意：考慮到他們年輕又沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們已經(jīng)做得相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)了。giventhat是一個(gè)詞組，意為“鑒于，考慮到”，后面所跟的從句是基于共同的認(rèn)識(shí)和已有的事實(shí)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Theimportanceofprotectingrainforestsfromhumaninvasionisincreasinglyrealizedbydevelopinganddevelopedcountries（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.both

B.either

C.alike

D.apart

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析?？崭袼钤~語為副詞，修飾空格前的realized,排除選項(xiàng)B;其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)做副詞的意思分別為A選項(xiàng)both“兩者皆，又”，但做副詞時(shí)一般不在句末；B選項(xiàng)either做副詞表示“也，而且”，C選項(xiàng)alike“同樣地，兩者都”；D選項(xiàng)apart“相距，分離”，本句句意應(yīng)是‘發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家同樣都越來越意識(shí)到保護(hù)熱帶雨林不受人類行為影響的重要性。’強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種類型的國家都…，C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

TheHomeSecretaryhasbeenaskedto（）becausetheUnionleadersandtheiremployerscannotagreeonacourseofaction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.meditate

B.negotiate

C.intervene

D.reconcile

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)meditate“考慮，計(jì)劃”；B選項(xiàng)negotiate“談判，商談”；C選項(xiàng)intervene“干涉，調(diào)停”；D選項(xiàng)reconcile“調(diào)停，調(diào)解”。句意：內(nèi)務(wù)大臣已被要求進(jìn)行（），因?yàn)楣?huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和他們的雇主無法就行動(dòng)方案達(dá)成一致。本句表達(dá)的含義是“內(nèi)務(wù)大臣被要求進(jìn)行干預(yù)”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

TradersareshuttingdownoperationsinIvoryCoast,inaccordancewithcallsbythecountry’sinternationallyrecognizedpresident-electtoputpressureonGbagbo,the（）whohasrefusedtostepdown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inception

B.incursion

C.insurgency

D.incumbent

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。inception“起初，獲得學(xué)位”；incursion“入侵，侵犯”；insurgency

“暴動(dòng)”；incumbent“在職者，現(xiàn)任者”。句意：貿(mào)易商正在關(guān)閉象牙海岸的業(yè)務(wù)為了符合國家要求，進(jìn)行國際認(rèn)證的總統(tǒng)選舉，給巴博施加壓力，巴博是拒絕退位下臺(tái)的現(xiàn)任者。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.填空題

Lookatthetime!It’salready5:10,andwehavetobeatthestationby5:45!Ifwedon’t（1）up,we’ll（2）ourtrain.

句意:你看看時(shí)間吧！現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)五點(diǎn)十分了，而我們必須在五點(diǎn)四十五分趕到火車站！如果我們不快點(diǎn)，就會(huì)錯(cuò)過火車。

【答案】1.hurry

2.miss

【解析】1.固定搭配。Hurryup快點(diǎn)。

2.語義題。句意:我們就會(huì)錯(cuò)過火車。

21.單選題

Sheansweredwithan（）“No”totherequestthatsheattendthepublichearing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eloquent

B.effective

C.emotional

D.emphatic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eloquent“意味深長的；雄辯的，有口才的；有說服力的”；B選項(xiàng)effective“有效的，起作用的；實(shí)際的，實(shí)在的”；C選項(xiàng)emotional“情緒的；易激動(dòng)的；感動(dòng)人的”；D選項(xiàng)emphatic“著重的；加強(qiáng)語氣的；顯著的”。由本句“Sheansweredwithan______‘No’”（她回答不）可知她對否定這件事情的態(tài)度的堅(jiān)決，所以emphatic的意義與其對應(yīng)。句意：對于要求她出席公開聽證會(huì)的要求，她斷然地說了“不”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Rockswhichhavesolidifieddirectlyfrommoltenmaterialsarecalledigneousrocks.Igneousrocksarecommonlyreferredtoasprimaryrocksbecausetheyaretheoriginalsourceofmaterialfoundinsedimentariesandmetamorphics.Igneousrockscomposethegreaterpartoftheearth’scrust,buttheyaregenerallycoveredatthesurfacebyarelativelythinlayerofsedimentaryormetamorphicrocks.Igneousrocksaredistinguishedbythefollowingcharacteristics:(1)theycontainnofossils;(2)theyhavenoregulararrangementoflayersand(3)theyarenearlyalwaysmadeupofcrystals.

Sedimentaryrocksarecomposedlargelyofminutefragmentsderivedfromthedisintegrationofexistingrocksandinsomeinstancesfromtheremainsofanimals.Assedimentsaretransported,individualfragmentsareassortedaccordingtosize.Distinctlayersofsuchsedimentsasgravel,sand,andclaybuildup,astheyaredepositedbywaterandoccasionallywind.Thesesedimentsvaryinsizewiththematerialandthepoweroftheerodingagent.Sedimentarymaterialsarelaiddowninlayerscalledstrata.

Whensedimentshardenintosedimentaryrocks,thenamesappliedtothemchangetoindicatethechangeinphysicalstate.Thus,smallstonesandgravelcementedtogetherareknownasconglomerates;cementedsandbecomessandstone;andhardenedclaybecomesshale.Inadditiontothese,othersedimentaryrockssuchaslimestonefrequentlyresultfromthedepositionofdissolvedmaterial.Theingredientpartsarenormallyprecipitatedbyorganicsubstances,suchasshellsofclamsorhardskeletonsofothermarinelife.

Bothigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybechangedbypressure,heat,solution,orcementingaction.Whenindividualgrainsfromexistingrockstendtodeformandinterlock,theyarecalledmetamorphicrocks.Forexample,granite,anigneousrock,maybemetamorphosedintoagneissoraschist.Limestone,asedimentaryrock,whensubjectedtoheatandpressuremaybecomemarble,ametamorphicrock.Shaleunderpressurebecomesslate.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingaresedimentaryrocksEXCEPT（）.

3.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina（）.

4.Therelationshipbetweenigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybestbecomparedtotherelationshipbetween（）.

5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassagecanbebestdescribedas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explainthefactorsthatmaycauserockstochangeinform

B.showhowthescientificnamesofrocksreflecttherock’scomposition

C.defineanddescribeseveraldiversekindsofrocks

D.differentiatebetweendifferentkindsofigneousrocks

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.shale

B.schist

C.sand

D.gravel

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.newspaperfeatureexplaininghowoilisfound

B.pamphletpromotingconservationofnaturalresources

C.teachingmanualaccompanyinganearthsciencetext

D.nonfictionbookexplainingwheretofindfossils

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.waterandland

B.sandandclay

C.nucleusandcellwall

D.leavesandcompost

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.meditative

C.concerned

D.ironic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章描述了igneous