【英語】高一英語閱讀理解試題經(jīng)典含解析

【英語】高一英語閱讀理解試題經(jīng)典含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解.閱讀理解Robotsmakemenervous—especiallytheoneswhichseemtothinkforthemselves.IwasembarrassedtoadmitthistillIheardthatBillGates,thefounderofMicrosoft,feltthesameway.GatessaidinaninterviewwiththesocialnetworkingandnewswebsiteReddit:"Iaminthecampthatisconcernedaboutsuperintelligence.Firstthemachineswilldoalotofjobsforusandnotbesuperintelligent.Thatshouldbepositiveifwemanagewell.Afewdecadesafterthat,though,theintelligenceisstrongenoughtobeaconcern."Well,maybeIdon'thavetoworryaboutmycomputerandkitchenequipmentyet.AfterIusethemIcanalwayspulltheplug.Butinthefuture,machinesmightfindawaytopreventusfromswitchingthemoff.There'saterriblethought!Maybetheproblemwithcomputerstoocleverforusisnotthattheyareevillikesomewe'veseeninsci-fimovies.Whatcouldputusindangeristhattheymightbetooefficient.That'swhatphilosopherNickBostromfromOxfordUniversitybelieves.Hesaysthatmachinesareindifferenttohumansandinpursuitoftheirowngoals,thedestructionofpeoplemightbejustadditionaldamage.Bostromgivesusanexample:Amachinewhichmighthaveitsonlygoaltoproduceasmanypaperclipsaspossiblemightlookathumanbodiesasextramaterialforpaperclipsandgoafteryou.Becauseitis,well,amachine,itwouldnottakepityonyou.It'sagoodthingthatAmericanwriterIsaacAsimovthoughtabouthowfarrobotscangoandleftushisthreerulesofrobotics.Theystatethatarobotmaynothurtahumanbeingorallowthehumanbeingtocometoharm.I'mgladmymachinesathomeare"dumb".Allmycleanerwantstotakeoveristhecarpetinmylivingroom.Let'shopetheydon'tcreateanappliancewhichwantstotakeovertheworld!TheauthorquotedBillGates'wordsinParagraph2inordertomakethetext.A.better-knownB.morepersuasiveC.better-organizedD.moreinteresting(2)Anintelligentpaperclipmachinewouldharmusbecause.A.itismuchclevererthanus B.itwouldtakeovertheworldC.ithasthestrongfeelingofdestroyingusD.itwouldseeusjustasmaterialHowdoestheauthorfeelaboutIsaacAsimov'srulesofrobotics?A.Optimistic B.Worried C.Disappointed D.RegretfulWhatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A.Thebenefitsoffuturerobots. B.Thenewapplicationsofrobots.C.Theconcernforsuperintelligence. D.Thepopularityofrobotsinthefuture.【答案】(1)B⑵DAC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了智能機(jī)器人可能給人類帶來傷害以及美國作家IsaacAsimov為此制定了三條機(jī)器人規(guī)則，作者旨在引起人們對(duì)智能機(jī)器人的關(guān)注。(1)考查推理判斷。因?yàn)楸葼柹w茨是一個(gè)名人，他的觀點(diǎn)更有說服力，所以作者才會(huì)引用他說的話，讓別人更加相信他的觀點(diǎn)。故選Bo(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的 "Amachinewhichmighthaveitsonlygoaltoproduceasmanypaperclipsaspossiblemightlookathumanbodiesasextramaterialforpaperclipsandgoafteryou.可知智能的paperclipmachine會(huì)把人類當(dāng)成是加工材料而傷害人類。故選D。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的"It'sagoodthingthatAmericanwriterIsaacAsimovthoughtabouthowfarrobotscangoandleftushisthreerulesofrobotics.可知作者認(rèn)為IsaacAsimov所制定的機(jī)器人規(guī)則是好事情，說明他對(duì)此持樂觀的態(tài)度。故選Ao(4)考查主旨大意。根據(jù)主題段第一段可知人們對(duì)于人工智能，尤其是機(jī)器人的迅速發(fā)展持有謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為人工智能的過快發(fā)展會(huì)影響到人類的未來。故選Co【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2.閱讀理解Automaticdishwashershavebeenaroundformorethan100years.Itstartedin1886withJosephineCochrane,awomaninShelbyville,Illinois.Shewasarichwomanwhocouldaffordservantstowashherdishes,soshereallydidn'tmindthework.Whatshedidmindwasthatherservantsbrokethedishes.Shehostedquiteafewdinnerparties,andaftereverypartytheservantsbrokemoreofherexpensivedishes.Finally,Cochranetookaction.First,shemeasuredherdishesandbentwireintorackstoholdthem.Next,sheputtheracksonawheelinalargecopperboiler.Then,theboilersprayedhot,soapywateronthedishesasamotorturnedthewheel.Afterahotwaterrinse(沖洗),thedisheswereclean!JosephineCochrane'sfriendswereimpressedwiththemachineandaskedhertobuildmore.Afterthat,wordgotoutfast.Soonhotelandrestaurantownerswhodidn'tlikebrokendishesalsowereinterested.Cochranethenknewthatshehadawonderfulmachine,soshereceivedapatentfromthegovernment,whichsaidthatonlytheinventorcanmakemoneyfromaninvention.Thenin1893ChicagoheldaWorld'sFairwhereinventionsfromallovertheworldwereshown.Cochrane'slabor-savingmachinewasabighit.Herdishwasherwonthehighestaward.Cochrane'scompanycameoutwithasmallermachinein1914.Itwassupposedtobefortheordinaryhome,butitwasn'tanimmediatesuccess.Manyhomescouldn'tproducetheextremelyhotwateritneeded.Also,inmosthomes,dishwashingwasn'tconsideredverydifficultcomparedtomostotherhousework.Infactsomepeoplelikedtorelaxatthesinkafterahardday!Salesofthehomemodelfinallypickedupinthe1950swhenpeoplehadmoremoneyandwantedtohavemoretimetoenjoythemselves.Nowmanyhomeshaveelectricdishwashersthataren'tverydifferentfromtheoneJosephineCochraneinventedmorethan100yearsago.WhydidJosephineCochraneinventthedishwasher?A.Toreducethenumberofservants.B.Toavoidpossibledamagetothedishes.C.Tohostmoredinnerparties.D.Tomakethedishescleaner.（2）WhatdoestheunderlinedwordsinParagraph3suggest?A.Themachinewasn'tasefficientasdescribed.B.JosephineCochranecouldnolongerkeepitasecret.C.Josephine'sfriendssoonbegantotalkaboutthenewmachine.D.Theinventiondrewimmediateattentionofthepublic.（3）Thesmallermachinebecamepopularonlywhen .A.people'slivingconditionsimprovedB.hotwaterwasnotneededC.houseworkbecameeasierD.peoplehadmorerelaxingjobs（4）ComparedwithCochrane'sinvention,modernelectricdishwashers .A.costlessmoneyB.arequitedifferentC.washmanyotherthingsD.aremuchthesame【答案】（1）BDAD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了自動(dòng)洗碗機(jī)的歷史由來。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whatshedidmindwasthatherservantsbrokethedishes.Shehostedquiteafewdinnerparties,andaftereverypartytheservantsbrokemoreofherexpensivedishes.她所介意的是她的仆人打破了餐具。她舉辦了幾次宴會(huì)，每次宴會(huì)之”后，仆人們都打破了她昂貴的餐具。為了避免打破她的餐具，后來 JosephineCochrane發(fā)明了自動(dòng)洗碗機(jī)，故選 B。（2）考查句義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“JosephineCochrane'sfriendswereimpressedwiththemachineandaskedhertobuildmore. "JosephineCOChTane^臺(tái)機(jī)器印象深亥L并要求她建造更多；以及 “Soonhotelandrestaurantownerswhodidn'tlikebrokendishesalsowereinterested.”不久，不喜歡打破餐具的酒店和餐館老板也對(duì)這個(gè)機(jī)器感興趣。根據(jù)劃線句子的前后兩句可以推斷 JosephineCochrane發(fā)明自動(dòng)洗碗機(jī)的消息傳播的很快，也就表明了Theinventiondrewimmediateattentionofthepublic這項(xiàng)發(fā)明立即引起了公眾的注意。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的 “Salesofthehomemodelfinallypickedupinthe1950swhenpeoplehadmoremoneyandwantedtohavemoretimetoenjoythemselves.在2”0世紀(jì)50年代，當(dāng)人們有更多的錢，希望有更多的時(shí)間來享受時(shí)，這種家用模式的銷售終于恢復(fù)了。也就是人們的生活條件提高了，自動(dòng)洗碗機(jī)才流行起來，故選 A。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的 “Nowmanyhomeshaveelectricdishwashersthataren'tverydifferentfromtheoneJosephineCochraneinventedmorethan100yearsago.現(xiàn)在，許多家庭都有電動(dòng)洗碗機(jī)，與 100多年前JosephineCochrane發(fā)明的洗碗機(jī)沒有太大的不同，因此現(xiàn)代洗碗機(jī)和JosephineCochrane發(fā)明的洗碗機(jī)幾乎一樣，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解It'sthoughtthataround5trillionpiecesofplasticarecurrentlyfloatinginouroceans.Bothmammalsandfishbenefitfromcleanoceans.Itisreportedthatmorethan8milliontonsofplasticendupinouroceanseveryyear,andnearlyhalfoftheplasticweproduceissingle-useonly.Thisshoebrand,however,isridingthewaveofchangeandisonamissiontohelpcleanupourwatersandridtheseaofplasticbottlesthatcantakeupto400yearstobreakdown.Vivobarefoot'snewestfootwearusesrecycledplasticmaterialsandhascreatedaneducationprogramthatspreadsawarenessabouthowharmfulplasticisforsealife.Everypairofshoesismadeupof17plasticwaterbottlestakenfromtheoceanandturnedintoasustainable,comfortablepairofshoes,whicharealsohealthyforyourfeet.Andwhilenoteveryonecantakepartinoceancleanups,choosinglittlewayswecangivebacktoourplanetgoesalongway.Vivobarefoot'snewproductsincludeavarietyofhigh-performancestylessuchascasualsneakers,runningshoes,andhikingboots.Thebrandhopesthatitslatestinitiative（首創(chuàng)精神）willhelplessentheindifferencetopollutionandhowharmfulitisforalllivingbeings.Inthefuture,Vivobarefoothopestoincreasetheirproductionofshoescreatedfromsustainablematerials,andthankfully,theyarenowoneofmanybrandsthataimtoincreaseenvironmentalismandeducatecommunitiesonhowglobalwarmingaffectseveryone.Thisyear,they'lladdmorerecyclableandtraceablematerialsintomorethanhalfoftheirproductionline,andtheyhaveplentyofcreativedevelopmentsintheworksaswell.Theshoesalsohaveahealthbenefit.Basedontheconceptthatwider,minimallydesignedshoesenableourfoottofunctionatmaximumpotential,wearersalsoexperiencebetterbalanceandsensoryinput.（1）Howdoestheauthormakehispointconvincing?A.Bylistingfigures.B.Bytellingastory.C.Bygivingexamples.D.Bymakingcomparisons.（2）WhatisVivobarefootdoingtohelpwiththemarinecreatures?A.Donatingmoneytobuyfoodforthem.B.Keepingtheoceansfreefromplasticbottles.C.Producingmoreshoesfromsustainablematerials.D.Raisingpublicawarenessofrecyclingandreuse.（3）WhatisprobablyVivobarefoot'soperationphilosophy?A.Customer-focused.B.Service-orientedC.Money-saving.D.Environmentally-friendly.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothetext?A.Vivobarefoot'snewproductshaven'tbeenreleased.B.Vivobarefootisthemostpopularshoebrandintheworld.C.Vivobarefootcaresaboutnotonlyitsbusinessbutalsopublicservices.D.Vivobarefootisthefirstcompanytofindthenewfunctionofwastematerials.【答案】（1）ABDC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。據(jù)報(bào)道，每年有超過 800萬噸的塑料流入我們的海洋，極大的污染了海洋環(huán)境。目前 Vivobarefoot公司推出了使用可回收的塑料材料的最新鞋款，并創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)教育計(jì)劃，讓人們了解塑料對(duì)海洋生物的危害。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中的“around5trillionpiecesofplastic，”“morethan8milliontonsofplastic， “”upto400yearstobreakdown可知，作者通過列舉一系列的數(shù)據(jù)來闡述事”實(shí)。故選 A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的 “Everypairofshoesismadeupof17plasticwaterbottlestakenfromtheoceanandturnedintoasustainable,comfortablepairofshoes可知，Vivobarefoot的鞋是由從海洋中取出的塑料水瓶制成的，它在一定程度上有助于清理海洋里的塑料瓶。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的 “theyarenowoneofmanybrandsthataimtoincreaseenvironmentalismandeducatecommunitiesonhowglobalwarmingaffectseveryone.他們現(xiàn)在是眾多旨在增強(qiáng)環(huán)保主義并教育社區(qū)全球變暖如何影響每個(gè)人的品牌之一，可知，保護(hù)環(huán)境是 Vivobarefoot的經(jīng)營(yíng)理念。故選D。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。 Vivobarefoot推出新鞋款肯定是為了增加利潤(rùn)，再根據(jù)第三段中的“Vivobarefoot'snewestfootwearusesrecycledplasticmaterialsandhascreatedaneducationprogramthatspreadsawarenessabouthowharmfulplasticisforsealife.可知，同時(shí)還關(guān)心公 ”共服務(wù)。故選 C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇新聞報(bào)道，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解Mostofushavebeeninthissituation:You'reonyourwaytoyourfriend'shouse,thenyousuddenlyaskyourself,"DidIremembertoturnthelightsoff?”Forthosewith"smarthomes",however,thiswouldn'tbeaproblem.Overthelastfewyears,smarthometechnologyhasbecomemorepopular.Thankstouserfriendlyproductslikeintelligentlightingandheatingcontrollers,peoplecancontrolnearlyeveryelectricalitemintheirhomesfromanywhereintheworld.Whilesmarthomesaren'tnew,companieslikePhilips,AmazonandXiaomihavefinallybroughtautomationtoeverydaypeoplewithaffordableproductslikeartificialintelligence(AI)speakersandsensors.“Theobviousmessageisthatyoucanstopwastingenergy, "TomKerber,directorofresearchforU.S-baseddigitalcompanyParksAssociates,toldTheGuardian.Andthetechnologyalsohasmoremeaningfuluses.InNorway,forexample,onecompanyisusingsmarttechtomakelifeeasierforitselderlycustomers.Abilia'ssystemallowscarerstocheckuponpatientsthroughatabletonawallinsidetheirhome.Thedevicesendspatientsremindersabouttasks,suchaswhentheyneedtotakemedication(冥想).Itcaneventellcarersifthere'sanyunusualactivityinthehomethatcouldbelife-threatening.“Thiskindofsystemallowspeopletotakecareofthemselves,whichisthemostimportantthing,Abilia'svicepresident,OysteinJohnsen,toldtheBBC."Italsosavesthegovernmentmoney.InNorway,itcosts1millionkroner(about0.8millionyuan)peryeartohavesomeoneinacarehome.Thissystemcosts15,000kronerayear.”So,forthosewhohavealready"gonesmart",williteverbepossibletogobacktodothingsintheold-fashionedway?"Ithinkitwouldbedifficult.Whenwegotoafriend'shouseoronvacationwefindourselvesexpectingthehousetodothingsforusthatweshoulddo,"Poulson,35,aseniorprogrammanagerfromSeattle.,U.S.,explained.Whatarethefirstandsecondparagraphsusedfor?A.Introducingthetopic. B.Describingthesituation.C.Advertisingsmarthomes. D.Puttingforwardtheauthor'sopinion.WhatdoPhilips,AmazonandXiaomihaveincommon?A.Theyarealldesigningsmarthomes.B.TheyareallU.S-baseddigitalcompany.C.They'vealladvancedinsmarttechnology.D.They'veallreceivedaffordableproductsautomatically.WhatdoesAbilia'ssystemallowuserstodoinNorway?A.Totakecareofthemselves. B.Tobuyuser-friendlyproducts.C.Tocontrolheatingandcooling. D.Toswitchlightsthroughatablet.What'sPoulson'sattitudetosmarttechnology?A.Cautious. B.Favorable C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving.【答案】(1)ACAB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了智能家居領(lǐng)域又有了新的進(jìn)展。(1)考查推理判斷。第一、二段是對(duì)智能家居的現(xiàn)象的描述，從第三段開始文章介紹了智能家居在人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械陌l(fā)展及應(yīng)用，因此，第一、二段是為了引出 智能家居”的話題。故選Ao(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的 "..companieslikePhilipsAmazonandXiaomihavefinallybroughtautomationtoeverydaypeoplewithaffordableproductslikeartificialintelligence(AI)speakersandsensors.”可知，這幾家公司已經(jīng)通過人們負(fù)擔(dān)得起的產(chǎn)品將自動(dòng)化帶到人們的日常生活中，因此，它們的共同點(diǎn)是都在智能科技方面取得了進(jìn)步。故選 Co(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段中的 "Thiskindofsystemallowspeopletotakecareofthemselves,whichisthemostimportantthing, 'Abilia'svicepresident,OysteinJohnsen,toldtheBBC....可知，Alibia的系統(tǒng)可以讓使用者照顧自己。故選 A。(4)考查推理判斷。最后一段中波爾森說的話承接該段第一句提出的問題 "So,forthosewhohavealready'gonesmart',williteverbepossibletogobacktodothingsintheold—fashionedway?”。他認(rèn)為如果沒有了智能技術(shù)，人們很難再用老的方式做事情，如我們?nèi)ヅ笥鸭一蛲獬龆燃贂r(shí)，我們會(huì)希望房子能夠做一些本該我們做的事情。由此可推測(cè)，波爾森對(duì)智能技術(shù)持支持態(tài)度。故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。.閱讀理解AmazonBestSellers:BestBooksAHigherLoyalty:Truth,Lies,andLeadership-April17,2018byJamesComeyInhisbook,formerFBIdirectorJamesComeyshareshisnever-before-toldexperiencesfromsomeofthehighest-risksituationsofhiscareerinthepasttwodecadesofAmericangovernment,exploringwhatgood,ethical(道德的)leadershiplookslike,andhowitdrivessounddecisions.Hisjourneyprovidesanentryintothecorridorsofpower,andaremarkablelessoninwhatmakesaneffectiveleader.Hardcover$17.9912RulesforLife:AnAntidotetoChaos-January23,2018byJordanB.PetersonWhatdoeseveryoneinthemodernworldneedtoknow?FamouspsychologistJordanB.Peterson'sanswertothismostdifficultofquestionsuniquelycombinesthehard-wontruthsofancienttraditionwiththegreatfindingsofmost-advancedscientificresearch.Hardcover$15.57HowtoReadaBook:TheClassicGuidetoIntelligentReadingRevisedEditionbyMortimerJ.Adler,CharlesVanDorenWithhalfamillioncopiesinprint,HowtoReadaBookisthebestandmostsuccessfulguidetoreadingcomprehensionforthegeneralreader,completelyrewrittenandupdatedwithnewmaterial.Originallypublishedin1940,thisbookisararephenomenon,alivingclassicthatintroducesandclarifiesthevariouslevelsofreadingandhowtoachievethem-fromelementaryreading,throughsystematicskimmingandinspectionalreading,tospeedreading.Paperback$10.31Everybody,Always:BecomingLoveinaWorldFullofSetbacksandDifficultPeople-April17,2018byBobGoffPaperback$10.19Whathappenswhenwestopavoidingdifficultpeopleandsimplyloveeveryone?Inhiswildlyentertainingandinspiringfollow-uptotheNewYorkTimesbestsellingphenomenonLoveDoes,BobGofftakesreadersonalife-alteringjourneyintothesecretoflivingwithoutfear,care,restriction,orworry.Ifyouwanttobecomeaneffectiveleader,youcantry.A.HowtoReadaBookB.Everybody,AlwaysC.12RulesforLifeD.AHigherLoyalty(2)WhatdoweknowaboutHowtoReadaBook?A.ItiswrittenbyMortimerJ.Adler. B.Itiscompletelythesameastheoriginalone.C.Ithasbeenpublishedsince1940. D.Therearemanyotherbookssimilartoit.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.Allthefourbooksarepaperbacks. B.Paperbacksarecheaperthanhardbacks.C.Jordan D.PetersonistheformerFBIdirector.【答案】(1)DCB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了亞馬遜最暢銷的幾種書。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)AHigherLoyalty:Truth,Lies,andLeadership-April17,2018byJamesComey部分中的“Hisourneyprovidesanentryintothecorridorsofpower,andaremarkablelessoninwhatmakesaneffectiveleader.可知如果你想要成為一個(gè)有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，你可以嘗試AHigherLoyalty,故選D。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)HowtoReadaBook:TheClassicGuidetoIntelligentReadingRevisedEditionbyMortimerJ.Adler,CharlesVanDoren部分中的“Originallypublishedin1940'可知HowtoReadaBook最初于1940年出版，故選C。(3考查)常識(shí)理解。平裝本比精裝本價(jià)格要便宜，故選 Bo【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和常識(shí)理解兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇廣告類閱讀，要求考生朱雀掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，結(jié)合題目要求，選出正確答案。6.閱讀理解Mrs.JoneswasmyfirstpatientwhenIstartedmedicalschool—andIoweheralot.Shewasundermycareforthefirsttwoyearsofmymedicaltraining,yetIknewverylittleabouther,exceptthatshewasthin,perhapsinhermid70s.Itmightseemrathernegligentnottoknowthebasicfactsofmypatient,butIhadavalidreason—Mrs.Joneswasdead,andhadbeendeadforaboutthreeyearsbeforeImadeapatientofher.Mrs.JoneswasthedeadbodythatIdissected(解剖)overthefirsttwoyearsofmymedicaltraining.Ofcourse,hernamewasn'treallyMrs.Jones,butitseemedalittleimpolitetobeconductingresearchintosomeone'sbodywithoutevenknowingitsname,sooutofcourtesy,Ithoughtsheshouldhaveone."MeandMrs.Jones,we'vegotathinggoingon, "wentthesongcomingoutoftheradioasIunzippedthebagofheronmyfirstday—andsoshewaschristened.Asthemonthspassed,IsoonforgotthatMrs.Joneshad,infact,oncebeenalive.Oneday,though,shesuddenlybecameveryhumanagain.I'dbeendissectingMrs.Jonesagood18monthsbeforeIgotaroundtotheuterus(子宮).AfterI'dremovedit,theprofessorcameup

tome,“Ifyoulookattheopeningcarefully,you'llseethattheangleindicatesthatthiswomanhashadseveralchildren,probablythree.Istaredatit,andIsuddenlyfeltverystrange.Thiswoman,whohadgivenmesomethingincrediblypreciousthatI'dbeguntotakeforgranted,wasn'tadeadbody.Shewasaperson,amother,infact.Atmygraduation,thesameprofessorcameovertocongratulateme.IexplainedthestoryaboutMrs.Jonestohim,andrecalledwhathe'dtoldmeaboutherhavingchildrenandhowthathadaffectedmeallthoseyearsago.“Well,"hesaid,“atthebeginningofyouryouihiadiadeadbodyandmanagedtoturnitintoaperson.Nowyou'readoctor,thetrickistohaveapersonandnotturnthemintoadeadbody,"andhelaughed,shookmyhandandwalkedaway.Whydidn'ttheauthorknowmuchaboutMrs.Jones?Becausehewasirresponsibleforhispatients.Becausehewasn'tallowedtoaskforherprivacy.Becausehedidn'tknowheruntilshepassedaway.Becausehewastoocarelesswhiledissectingher.HowdidMrs.Jonesgethername?Itwaspasseddownfromtheseniorsofmyschool.Itcamefromasongbeingplayedwhenwefirstmet.Shewasnamedafterawell-knownsingerIlikedbestItjustoccurredtomewhenIopenedthebagofher.D.Guilty.Whatcouldbetheauthor'sfeelingforMrs.Jonesnow?D.Guilty.A.Grateful. B.Pitiless. C.Hateful.Whatdidtheprofessorimplybyhiswordsinthelastparagraph?Medicalstudentsareabletobringthedeadbacktolife.Beingadoctorhasnothingtodowiththemedicaltraining.Gooddoctorsneverfailtosavetheirpatientsfromdying.Medicalstaffoughttohaverespectforlifeandhumanity.【答案】(1)C⑵BAD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者講述了和瓊斯夫人之間的故事，說明了醫(yī)務(wù)人員應(yīng)該尊敬生命和人道。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的ofmypatient,butIhadavalidreasonyearsbeforeImadeapatientofher.(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的ofmypatient,butIhadavalidreasonyearsbeforeImadeapatientofher.她去世之前，作者并不認(rèn)識(shí)她，故選Cowentthe(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的 "'MeandMrs.Jones,we'vegotathinggoingon,songcomingoutoftheradioasIunzippedthebagofheronmyfirstday—andsoshewaswentthechristened.可知當(dāng)我們第一次見面的時(shí)候，收音機(jī)里正在播放一首歌《我和瓊斯夫人》，她就這樣被命名了，故選Bo(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的 "MrsJoneswasmyfirstpatientwhenIstartedmedicalschool—andIoweheralot.可知現(xiàn)在，我對(duì)瓊斯夫人充滿感激，故選 A。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的 "hesaid,'athebeginningofyourtrainingyouhadadeadbodyandmanagedtoturnitintoaperson.Nowyou'readoctor,thetrickistohaveapersonandnotturnthemintoadeadbody, 'andhelaughed,shookmyhandandwalkedaway.可知教授說得這段話的意思是： 在你剛開始訓(xùn)練解剖尸體的時(shí)候，你要設(shè)法把尸體變成一個(gè)人。現(xiàn)在，你成為一名醫(yī)生了，竅門就是不要把人變成尸體。 ”這名教授說得這些話暗含的意思是醫(yī)務(wù)人員應(yīng)該尊敬生命和人道，故選 D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。7.閱讀理解Thesettingwasapackedgymnasiumjustbeforethestartofagameagainstanotherschool.TherewerefivegirlswhoweremembersoftheDanvilleHighSchoolbasketballteam—allofthemstarters.Theywerenotinuniformtoplaythatnightandwouldnotbeontheteamfortherestofthisseason.Theyweretheretoadmittheirbreakingofteamrules.Theyweretheretosupporttheircoach'sdecisiontotakethemofftheteam.Theyweretheretoletthetownknowtherewasaproblemintheirlittlecommunitythatneededtobeaddressed.Andtheydiditwithsincereregretratherthandefensiveness.WhiletheschoolhadbeenoutfortheNewYear'sholiday,thefivegirlshadgonetothepartywithseveraloftheirfriends.Therewasalcoholthere.Andtheyalldranksome.CoachRainvillehasazerotoleranceruleondrugsandalcoholforhermembersthoughitwasaharddecisiontomake.Whenclassesresumedandaccountsofholidaypartieswereshared,rumorsaboutthefivegirlsbeganclosinginonthem.Thecoachsaidshecouldn'tbackdownonherrules.Andtheplayers—twojuniorstudentsandthreeseniorstudents—agreed.Thatnightinthegymwaspartoftheirpublicsupportofthecoach'sdecision.“Wehopeyouwillunderstandthatwearenotbadkids.Whatwedidwasdefinitelynotworthit.Wehopethiseventwillmakeeveryonerealizethatthereisabigdrugandalcoholprobleminourcommunity,"oneoftheniorstudentssaid,“Andifyouworkwithustotrytosolvethisproblem,youwillhelpusfeelthatwehavenotbeenthrownoffourbasketballteamfornothing.Thefiveleftthefloortodeafeningapplause.Theteammaynotwinanothergamethisyear.Butthey'velearntsomethingaboutpersonalresponsibility,theeffectofone'sactiononothers,andhonestythatwillservethemwellthroughoutlife.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthefivegirlswhowerekickedofftheteamwereA.verygoodplayersontheteam B.addictedtoalcoholanddrugsC.threejuniorstudentsandtwoseniorstudentsD.scoldedbytheirparentsfordrinkingalcoholWhatdidthegirlsdotosupporttheircoach'sdecision?A.Theydidn'tfightforDanvilleHighSchoolanymore.B.Theyallgavespeechestoapologizeinthelocalpress.C.Theyadmittedtheirmistakeinpublicinthegymnasium. D.Theywouldneverdrinkanyalcoholthroughouttheirlife.WhichwordbestdescribesthecoachRainville?A.Indifferent. B.Strict. C.Stubborn. D.Cruel.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Growingupwithpain B.AbadmistakeC.Teamrulesareeverything D.Basketballgirlsinhighschool【答案】(1)A(2)C(3)B(4)A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，五個(gè)女孩在假期期間違反團(tuán)隊(duì)紀(jì)律喝酒，教練對(duì)于隊(duì)員破壞紀(jì)律零容忍，責(zé)令她們離開團(tuán)隊(duì)。五個(gè)女孩接受了處罰，并做出了公開道歉。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的 "Theyweretheretoadmittheirbreakingofteamrules.Theyweretheretosupporttheircoach'sdecisiontotakethemofftheteam.Theyweretheretoletthetownknowtherewasaproblemintheirlittlecommunitythatneededtobeaddressed.Andtheydiditwithsincereregretratherthandefensiveness.Theyweretheretoadmittheirbreakingofteamrules.Theyweretheretosupporttheircoach'sdecisiontotakethemofftheteam.Theyweretheretoletthetownknowtherewasaproblemintheirlittlecommunitythatneededtobeaddressed.Andtheydiditwithsincereregretratherthandefensiveness.可知，這幾個(gè)女孩是很好的隊(duì)員，她們勇敢承認(rèn)了違反了團(tuán)隊(duì)紀(jì)律，并支持教練把她們開除出隊(duì)的決定。故選Ao(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Thesettingwasapackedgymnasiumjustbeforethestartofagameagainstanotherschool.和“Theyweretheretosupporttheircoach'sdecisiontotakethemofftheteam. 以及第二段中的 "Thatnightinthegymwaspartoftheirpublicsupportofthecoach'sdecision.可知，這些女孩在體育館公開承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤來支持教練的決定。故選 Co(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的 "CoaclRainvillehasazerotoleranceruleondrugsandalcoholforhermembersthoughitwasaharddecisiontomake.和“Thecoachsaidshecouldn'tbackdownonherrules.可推斷，教練對(duì)于隊(duì)員吸毒喝酒零容忍，堅(jiān)持將這個(gè)五個(gè)女孩從團(tuán)隊(duì)除名，因此推斷她是嚴(yán)厲的。故選Bo(4)考查主旨大意。文章講述了五個(gè)女孩因?yàn)楹染票婚_除出籃球隊(duì)的故事，文章最后一段對(duì)這件事情做了總結(jié)，因此可知文章主要想告訴讀者這些女孩通過這件事學(xué)會(huì)了負(fù)責(zé)任，了解了自己的行為對(duì)他人的影響，誠實(shí)會(huì)讓她們一生受益。因此推斷 A項(xiàng)在痛苦中成長(zhǎng)”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選Ao【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8.閱讀理解InAmerica,parentstendtoencouragetheirchildrentodeveloptheirpotential(潛能)tothefullestextent.Fathersandmothersfrequentlyteachtheirchildrenbothambitionandtheconfidencenecessarytoworktowardtheirgoals.Americanparentsarealwaysactiveinconcentratingonwhattheirkidscando,notwhattheycan't.Asaresult,millionsofAmericanboysandgirlsgrowuphopingtobecomeactorsandathletes,diplomatsanddoctors.Manyofthemevenwanttobecomepresident.Americanparentsoftenencouragetheirchildrentobecomeinvolvedinextraactivitiesofalltypesatschool,suchasstudentgovernment,sportsandmusic.Theybelievethatonlythroughtakingpartintheseactivitiescantheirchildrenbecomematureyoungadults.Asweallknow,schoolworkisimportant.Butparentsshouldrealizethatthesocialskillstheirchildrenlearnfromnaturalconversationswitheachotherareasimportantasschoolworkandtheskillstheywillneedinthefuturework.What'smoreimportantintheirworkisthattheirchildrenshouldhaveasoundknowledgeofphysicsortheabilitytocommunicateeffectively.Asarule,Chineseparentsdon'teducatetheirchildrenaboutthesamekindofambitionandconfidenceasAmericansdo,nordotheyencouragethesamelevelofparticipationinextraactivities.Childrenaretyp