考研考博-英語-徐州醫(yī)科大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-徐州醫(yī)科大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Hardly（

）whenaloudexplosionwasheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetrainhadstarted

B.thetrainhadbeenstarted

C.hadthetrainstarted

D.didthetrainstart

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒裝句。句意:在沒有發(fā)出巨響的爆炸聲前，火車很難啟動。

Hardly是一個(gè)否定詞位于句首,故用倒裝。這里是過去的過去，故用過去完成時(shí)。

2.單選題

Hefailedto（

）himselftothenewenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adopt

B.adapt

C.attach

D.abduct

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。adopt“采用，收養(yǎng)”；adapt“適應(yīng)”；attach“使聯(lián)系，使依附”；abduct“綁架，誘拐”。句意：他不能適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Itwasthetrainingthathehadasayoungman（

）madehimsuchagreatlawyer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.has

C.what

D.later

【答案】A

【解析】句意:正是他年輕時(shí)接受的訓(xùn)練使他成為了一位偉大的律師。

語法題。考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為:Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+that/who(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人)+其他部分。題干強(qiáng)調(diào)主語thetraining,所以連接詞應(yīng)該用that。

4.單選題

Fiveyearsago,thatcoupleboughtthehouse（）_makingaquickprofitoutofit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.witheyesopento

B.ingoodeyesat

C.withaneyeto

D.byaneyeat

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。withaneyeto“著眼于，指望著”為固定搭配。沒有A、B和D項(xiàng)的搭配，可排除。句意：五年前，那對夫婦買下這所房子，希望能很快從中獲利。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Alotofchildrenhavebeendeprivedofanormalhomelife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensured

B.stripped

C.accused

D.inquired

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensured“確保”；B選項(xiàng)stripped“剝奪”；C選項(xiàng)accused“控告”；D選項(xiàng)inquired“詢問”。句意：許多孩子被剝奪了正常的家庭生活。劃線部分deprived是剝奪的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.Forexample,insomesocieties,thenuclearfamilyistheunitthatregularlyeatstogether.TheanthropologistMaryDouglashaspointedoutthat,fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.Shedistinguishesbetweenregularmeals,Sundaymealswhenrelativesmaycome,andcocktailpartiesforacquaintances.Thefoodservedsymbolizestheoccasionandreflectswhoispresent.Forexample,onlysnacksareservedatacocktailparty.Itwouldbeinappropriatetoserveasteakorhamburgers.Thedistinctionsamongcocktails,regularmeals,andspecialdinnersmarkthesocialboundariesbetweenthoseguestswhoareinvitedfordrinks,thosewhoareinvitedtodinner,andthosewhocometoafamilymeal.Inthisexample,thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.

InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.Thementaketheirmealsinamen’shouse,separatelyfromtheirwivesandchildren.Womenprepareandeattheirfoodintheirownhousesandtakethehusband’sportiontothemen’shouse.Thewomeneatwiththeirchildrenintheirownhouses.ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.

Eatingisametaphorthatissometimesusedtosignifymarriage.InmanyNewGuineasocieties,likethatoftheLesuontheislandofNewIrelandinthePacificandthatoftheTrobriandIslanders,marriageissymbolizedbythecouple’seatingtogetherforthefirsttime.Eatingsymbolizestheirnewstatusasamarriedcouple.InU.S.society,itisjustthereverse.Acouplemaygoouttodinneronafirstdate.

Otherculturalruleshavetodowithtaboosagainsteatingcertainthings.Insomesocieties,membersofaclan,atypeofkin(family)group,arenotallowedtoeattheanimalorbirdthatistheirtotemicancestor.Sincetheybelievethemselvestobedescendedfromthatancestor,itwouldbelikeeatingthatancestororeatingthemselves.

Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.Acastesystemconsistsofrankedgroups,eachwithadifferenteconomicspecialization.InIndia,thereisanassociationbetweencasteandtheideaofpollution.Membersofhighlyrankedgroupscanbepollutedbycomingintocontactwiththebodilysecretions,particularlysaliva,ofindividualsoflower-rankedcastes.Becauseofthefearofpollution,Brahmansandotherhigh-rankedindividualswillnotsharefoodwith,noteatfromthesameplateas,notevenacceptfoodfromanindividualorfromalow-rankingcaste.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theEnglishmakecleardistinctionsbetween（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whowillNOTeattogether?

3.Accordingtothepassage,eatingtogetherindicatesallthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.ThelastparagraphsuggeststhatinIndia（）decideshowpeopleeat.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetopicofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewhoeattogether

B.thekindsoffoodserved

C.familymembersandguests

D.snacksandhamburgers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheEnglish.

B.Americansontheirfirstdate.

C.MenandwomeninNearEasternsocieties.

D.Newly-wedsontheislandofNewIreland.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thetypeoffood

B.socialrelations

C.maritalstatus

D.familyties

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.pollution

B.food

C.culture

D.socialstatus

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Differentkindsoffoodintheworld.

B.Cultureandmannersofeating.

C.Symbolicmeaningsoffoodconsumption.

D.Relationsbetweenfoodandsocialunits.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題目問的是：英國人將什么進(jìn)行了明確的區(qū)分？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theEnglish”定位到第一段第四句fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.（對英國人來說，食物的種類和供應(yīng)的食物與一起吃飯的人們之間的社會聯(lián)系有關(guān)。）再根據(jù)后面的舉例以及本段最后一句thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.（食物的種類象征著客人的類別以及和誰一起吃。）由此可知，英國人對于供應(yīng)食物的種類做了明確的區(qū)分，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：哪些人不會在一起吃飯？原文第二段首句提及InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.（在一些新幾內(nèi)亞社會，小家庭通常是不會一起吃飯的。）后面進(jìn)行了舉例，男性通常和他們的妻子孩子分開吃飯。以及本段最后一句也提及ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.（這種模式在近東社會中也很普遍。）由此可知，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是：下面哪一個(gè)不是一起吃飯所表明的信息？根據(jù)原文的內(nèi)容可知，第一段提到了社會關(guān)系，第二段提到了家庭關(guān)系，第三段提到了婚姻關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)B、C、D均正確，只有選項(xiàng)A不是“eatingtogether”所表明的事情，所以本題選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：最后一段表明，印度的什么決定了人們怎么吃？根據(jù)最后一段首句Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.（食物禁忌和等級之間也有聯(lián)系，這在印度的種姓制度中表現(xiàn)得最為極端。）由此可知，印度的社會地位決定了人們怎么吃。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.主旨大意題。原文第一段的第一、二句為本文的主題句Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.（文化規(guī)則決定了食物消費(fèi)的方方面面。誰在一起吃飯定義了社會群體。）由此可知，本文主要是講食物和社會群體的關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.單選題

（

）theprecisequalitiesoftheheroinliteraryworksmayvaryovertime,basicexemplaryfunctionoftheheroseemstoremainconstant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whatever

B.Inspiteof

C.Eventhough

D.Regardless

【答案】C

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。分析句子，可知逗號后面的為主句，逗號前面的從句主謂完整，缺少一個(gè)連接副詞連接句子，whatever在句中可作主語與賓語，從句中的謂語動詞mayvary后面不需要接賓語了，因此用Eventhough。inspiteof后面接的是名詞或者動名詞，不跟從句；regardless后面不接句子。

句意：盡管文學(xué)作品中主人公的精湛品質(zhì)可能隨著時(shí)間的推移而變化，但英雄的基本模范作用似乎保持不變。

8.單選題

Atthemeetingbothsidesexchangedtheirviewsonawide______oftopicstheywereinterestedin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extent

B.number

C.collection

D.range

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)extent“程度；大小，面積”；B選項(xiàng)number“數(shù)量；號碼”；C選項(xiàng)collection“收集物”；D選項(xiàng)range“類”，awiderangeof“大范圍的；多種多樣的”。句意：雙方就感興趣的______議題交換了意見。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是雙方有很多感興趣的議題，D選項(xiàng)range符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheMoon,whichhasundergoneadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.Themoonmaybedividedintotwomajorterrains:themaria(darklowlands)andtheterrace(brighthighlands).Thecontrastinthereflectivity(thecapabilityofreflectinglight)ofthesetwoterrainssuggestedtomanyearlyobserversthatthetwoterrainsmighthavedifferentcompositions,andthissuppositionwasconfirmedbymissionstotheMoonsuchasSurveyorandApollo.Oneofthemostobviousdifferencesbetweentheterrainsisthesmoothnessofthemariaincontrasttotheroughnessofthehighlands.Thisroughnessismostlycausedbytheabundanceofcraters;thehighlandsarecompletelycoveredbylargecraters(greaterthan40-50kmindiameter),whilethecratersofthemariatendtobemuchsmaller.ItisnowknownthatthevastmajorityoftheMoon’scraterswereformedbytheimpactofsolidbodieswiththelunarsurface.

MostofthenearsideoftheMoonwasthoroughlymappedandstudiedfromtelescopicpicturesyearsbeforetheageofspaceexploration.Earth-basedtelescopescanresolveobjectsassmallasafewhundredmetersonthelunarsurface.Closeobservationofcraters,combinedwiththewaytheMoondiffuselyreflectssunlight,ledtotheunderstandingthattheMooniscoveredbyasurfacelayer,orregolith,whichoverliesthesolidrockoftheMoon.Telescopicimagespermittedthecatalogingofabewilderingarrayoflandforms.Craterswerestudiedforcluestotheirorigin,thelargecircularmariaweremapped.Wispymarksonthesurface(knownasrays)emanatingfromcertaincraterswereseen.Strange,sinuousfeatureswereobservedinthemaria.Althoughvariouslandformswerecatalogued,themajorityofastronomers’attentionwasfixedoncratersandtheirorigins.

Astronomershaveknownforafairlylongtimethattheshapeofcraterschangesastheyincreaseinsize.Smallcraterswithdiametersoflessthan10-15kmhaverelativelysimpleshapes.Theyhaverimcreststhatareelevatedabovethesurroundingterrain,smooth,bowl-shapedinteriors,anddepthsthatareaboutone-fifthtoone-sixththeirdiameters.Thecomplexityofshapeincreasesforlargercraters.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theunderlinedword“undergone”inLine1isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,themariadifferfromtheterracemainlyintermsof（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassagelunarresearchershavefocusedmostlyon（

）.

5.Thepassageprobablycontinueswithadiscussionof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.WhatastronomerslearnedfromtheSurveyorandApollospacemissions.

B.CharacteristicsofthemajorterrainsoftheMoon.

C.TheoriginoftheMoon’scraters.

D.TechniquesusedtocataloguetheMoon’slandforms.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.altered

B.substituted

C.experienced

D.preserved

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.age

B.mannerofcreation

C.size

D.composition

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thepossibilityoffindingwaterontheMoon

B.thelunarregolith

C.catalogingvariouslandformations

D.cratersandtheirorigins

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thereasonscratersaredifficulttostudy

B.thedifferentshapes

C.somefeaturesoflargecraters

D.somedifferenceinthewayssmallandlargecraterswereformed

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“天文學(xué)家從勘測者號和阿波羅號太空任務(wù)中學(xué)到了什么”；B選項(xiàng)“月球主要地形的特征”；C選項(xiàng)“月球隕石坑的起源”：D選項(xiàng)“用來記錄月球地貌的技術(shù)”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句話TheMoon,whichhasundergoneadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.（月球經(jīng)歷了獨(dú)特而復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)歷史，呈現(xiàn)出驚人的外觀。）第二段倒數(shù)第一二句話Strange,sinuousfeatureswereobservedinthemaria.Althoughvariouslandformswerecatalogued,themajorityofastronomers’attentionwasfixedoncratersandtheirorigins.（在月海中觀察到奇怪的、彎曲的特征。雖然有各種各樣的地貌，但天文學(xué)家的注意力主要集中在隕石坑和它們的起源上。）從這里可以看出文章都是圍繞著月球的地形地貌展開的，所以答案選B；C選項(xiàng)只是提及沒有具體展開講，而且文章不止講了月球上的隕石坑還有相當(dāng)一部分內(nèi)容是講的月海（maria），所以不能選，A、D選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

第2題:詞義推測題。A選項(xiàng)“改變”；B選項(xiàng)“取代”；C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)歷”；D選項(xiàng)“保存”。第一段第一句話TheMoon,whichhasundergoneadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.（月球經(jīng)歷了獨(dú)特而復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)歷史，呈現(xiàn)出驚人的外觀）。從這句undergone的意思是經(jīng)歷，這個(gè)和選項(xiàng)C相近，所以答案選C。

第3題:詞義推測題。A選項(xiàng)“年齡”；B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造的方式”；C選項(xiàng)“尺寸”；D選項(xiàng)“成分”。第一段第三四五句話…observersthatthetwoterrainsmighthavedifferentcompositions…Oneofthemostobviousdifferencesbetweentheterrainsisthesmoothnessofthemariaincontrasttotheroughnessofthehighlands.Thisroughnessismostlycausedbytheabundanceofcraters;thehighlandsarecompletelycoveredbylargecraters（……觀察者認(rèn)為這兩種地形可能有不同的組成……這兩種地形最明顯的區(qū)別之一就是平坦的海地與粗糙的高地形成對比。這種粗糙度主要是由大量的隕石坑造成的；高地完全被大型火山口所覆蓋），從這里可知因?yàn)榻M成成分不同所以造成了兩者的不同，而兩者的不同主要是粗糙程度，粗糙程度是因?yàn)殡E石坑多的地方就很粗糙，而月海沒有隕石坑，所以不那么粗糙，歸根結(jié)底主要還是構(gòu)成的地形不一樣，所以答案選D。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：根據(jù)文章，月球研究人員主要關(guān)注的是……A選項(xiàng)“在月球上找到水的可能性”；B選項(xiàng)“月球表面風(fēng)化層”；C選項(xiàng)“各種地形分類”；D選項(xiàng)“隕石坑和它們的起源”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句話Althoughvariouslandformswerecatalogued,themajorityofastronomers’attentionwasfixedoncratersandtheirorigins.（雖然有各種各樣的地貌，但天文學(xué)家的注意力主要集中在隕石坑和它們的起源上），由此可知科學(xué)家的重點(diǎn)是在隕石坑及其起源，所以答案選D；其他選項(xiàng)文章沒有提及。

第5題:判斷推理題。題干：這篇文章可能會繼續(xù)討論。A選項(xiàng)“隕石坑形成的原因很難研究”，B選項(xiàng)“不同的形狀”，C選項(xiàng)“一些大型隕石坑的特征”；D選項(xiàng)“大小隕石坑形成的方式有些不同”。定位到文章最后一段Astronomershaveknownforafairlylongtimethattheshapeofcraterschangesastheyincreaseinsize.Smallcraterswithdiametersoflessthan10-15kmhaverelativelysimpleshapes.Theyhaverimcreststhatareelevatedabovethesurroundingterrain,smooth,bowl-shapedinteriors,anddepthsthatareaboutone-fifthtoone-sixththeirdiameters.Thecomplexityofshapeincreasesforlargercraters.（天文學(xué)家很早就知道，隕石坑的形狀會隨著體積的增大而改變。直徑小于10-15公里的小隕石坑形狀相對簡單。它們的邊緣嵴高于周圍的地形，光滑的碗狀內(nèi)部，深度約為直徑的五分之一到六分之一。隕石坑越大，其形狀的復(fù)雜性就越大），文章最后一段描寫了小隕石坑的一些特征，然后最后一句話說的是隕石坑越大，形狀越復(fù)雜，所以從這里可以推斷接下來文章會要講大隕石坑的結(jié)構(gòu)和特征了，因此答案選C。

10.單選題

WhentheBastillefellin1789,manyobserversconcludedthatFrancehadjoinedtheUnitedStatesintheattempttobecomeanenlightenedrepublic.Eversince,eyewitnesses―andthenhistorians—havesoughttoexplainthecomplexconnectionsbetweentheserevolutions.Scholarshipfallsintotwogeneralcamps:authorswhocomparetherevolutions’trajectoriesandachievements;andthosewhoareinterestedinimpact,howeachcountryinfluencedtheother.BothapproachesarecentraltonarrativesoftheearlyUnitedStates,affectinginterpretationsofnationalism,politicallife,andtheeconomy,amongotherissues.

Forallthatweknowaboutthese'sisterrepublics,’PhilippZiesche’sCosmopolitanPatriotsandDoinaPascaHarsanyi’sLessonsfromAmericaremindushowmuchremainsunderexplored.TheseworksshednewlightontherelationshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStatesinthe1790s,andtheydosothroughthepurviewofmigrants.ZieschefocusesoneliteAmericanswhoweredrawntoParisforideologicalandeconomicreasons,whileHarsanyiconsidersFrenchnobleswhofoundthemselvesonthewrongsideofrevolutionandendedupintemporaryexileinPhiladelphia.Forbothhistorians,theseemigrantsofferanadvantageousperspectivebecauseoftheirdislocation.Althoughthemotivationforeachgroup’smovediffered(onewasvoluntarily,theothernot),marginalityintheirhostnationsledthemtoreflect,withkeeninsight,onwhattheUnitedStatescouldlearnfromFranceandviceversa.Theirexperiences,theauthorsargue,showushowsomeinfluentialmenmadesenseofthereverberationsofrevolutions.

PhilippZiesche’sAmericansinParisarefamiliarfaces,includingThomasJefferson,GouverneurMorris,ThomasPaine,JoelBarlow,andJamesMonroe.ForZiesche’spurposes,what’smostimportantaboutthese“patriots”istheircosmopolitanism—theirbeliefthatallmenwere‘fellowcitizensoftheworld,’unitedbyacommonsetofvaluesthatelidednational,religious,linguistic,andotherdifferences.ThisnotionencouragedthemtotraveltoParisinthe1790s,thinkingthatthey,armedwithrepublicanknow-how,couldbeusefultotheirFrenchcounterpartsinthetranslationofuniversalidealsintopractice.Buttheprojectofcreatingrepublicannationswas,toacertainextent,atoddswithcosmopolitanism,sincenations,itwasbelieved,reflectedthemoresandmannersuniquetoapopulationandplace.Zieschepointsout,however,thatindividualnationalprojectsalwayslookedelsewhereforinstruction,andtheyderivedlegitimacy,inpart,fromofficialrecognitionbyothernations.Universalismwasaninescapablecomponentofnationalism.

The‘cosmopolitanpatriots’werewellawareofthetensionbetweentheparticularandtheuniversalinthemakingofrepublicannations,andtheirwrestlingwiththisdynamicintheFrenchcontextinfluencedtheirvisionfortheUnitedStates.Eachchapterexploresanaspectofthisproblemthroughoneormoreindividuals,allthewhileprogressingchronologicallythroughthedecade.ZieschebeginswithThomasJeffersonandGouverneurMorrisandtheirimpressionsofthenewFrenchconstitutionof1789,andhethenconsidersthedivergentstancesofWilliamShortandJeffersonontheJacobinsandrevolutionaryviolence.

1.Whatmakesscholarshipfallintothetwocampsaccordingtothepassage?

2.WhatisthecommongroundbetweenthetwohistoriansofPhilippZiescheandDoinaPascaHarsanyi?

3.Theword“elided”inParagraph3refersto（）.

4.Whoarethose“cosmopolitanpatriots”accordingtothepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeaddedtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whothosecosmopolitanpatriotsare.

B.Whatthosecosmopolitanpatriotsdidtothenewrepublics.

C.TherelationshipbetweenAmericanRevolutionandFrenchRevolutionintheeighteenthcentury.

D.ThelessonsfromAmericanRevolutionandFrenchRevolution.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thesameexplanationofnationalismanduniversalism.

B.TheexplorativeexplanationoftheconnectionsbetweenrevolutionstakingplaceintheUnitedStatesandFrancefromtheperspectiveofmigrants.

C.ThecommoninterestinfindingthesamedrivebehindtheAmericannationalismandFrenchnationalism.

D.Thebeliefthatallmenareunitedbythesamesetofvalues.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.elicited

B.elevated

C.ignored

D.illustrated

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheinfluentialAmericanimmigrantsinFrance.

B.ThoseelitesinbothintheUnitedStatesandFrance.

C.EmigrantsbothfromtheUnitedStatesandFrance.

D.FrenchnoblesintheUnitedStates.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Harsanyi’sLessonsfromAmericaconsideredhowtheexperiencesofexiledFrenchmeninPhiladelphiashapedtheirhopesfortheFrenchgovernment.

B.WhatthedifferencesbetweentheUnitedStatesandFranceare.

C.WhytheUnitedStatesandFrancearebothcalledrepublic.

D.WhytheBastillefell.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Eversince,eyewitnesses―andthenhistorians—havesoughttoexplainthecomplexconnectionsbetweentheserevolutions.”，可知從那時(shí)起，一些見證者和歷史學(xué)家試圖解釋這些復(fù)雜革命之間的相互聯(lián)系。所以是法國革命和美國革命之間的相互聯(lián)系使學(xué)術(shù)界分成了兩大陣營。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“TheseworksshednewlightontherelationshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStatesinthe1790s,andtheydosothroughthepurviewofmigrants.”，可知他們的作品都重新闡述了18世紀(jì)90年代法國和美國的關(guān)系，并且都是通過移民的角度來闡述的。所以他們都從移民的角度對美國革命和法國革命之間的聯(lián)系進(jìn)行探索性的解釋。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“theirbeliefthatallmenwere‘fellowcitizensoftheworld,’unitedbyacommonsetofvaluesthatelidednational,religious,linguistic,andotherdifferences.”，可知他們的信仰是“所有的人都是世界上的公民”，因?yàn)橐恍┕餐膬r(jià)值觀而被統(tǒng)一起來，這些價(jià)值觀是忽略了民族、宗教、語言和其他各方面的差異的。所以應(yīng)該選出“忽略”的同義詞。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“thinkingthatthey,armedwithrepublicanknow-how,couldbeusefultotheirFrenchcounterpartsinthetranslationofuniversalidealsintopractice.”，可知他們認(rèn)為掌握了共和國的專業(yè)知識，他們對于法國同胞來說，將普世理想轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)是有幫助的。所以那些“世界性的愛國者”是在法國具有影響力的美國移民。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)，第二段中提到了Ziesche和Harsanyi兩人的作品，從兩類移民的角度而寫出，下文主要講述Ziesche作品中，美國精英根據(jù)在法國的所聞所見而對自己的國家產(chǎn)生了新的愿景“andtheirwrestlingwiththisdynamicintheFrenchcontextinfluencedtheirvisionfortheUnitedStates（第四段）”。因此可推測下文中會對Harsanyi的“從美國汲取的教訓(xùn)”這本書，從被放逐至美國的法國貴族這一角度出發(fā)寫出他們對法國的一些思考或希望。因此A選項(xiàng)符合文意。

11.單選題

Theword“addiction”isoftenusedlooselyandwrylyinconversation.Peoplewillrefertothemselvesas“mysterybookaddicts”or“cookieaddicts.”E.B.Whitewritesofhisannualsurgeofinterestingardening:“Wearehookedandaremakinganattempttokickthehabit.”Yetnobodyreallybelievesthatreadingmysteriesororderingseedsbycatalogueisseriousenoughtobecomparedwithaddictionstoheroinoralcohol.Theword“addiction”ishereusedjokinglytodenoteatendencytooverindulgeinsomepleasurableactivity.

Peopleoftenrefertobeing“hookedonTV.”Doesthis,too,fallintothelightheartedcategoryofcookieeatingandotherpleasuresthatpeoplepursuewithusualintensity,oristhereakindoftelevisionviewingthatfallsintothemoreseriouscategoryofdestructiveaddiction?

Whenwethinkaboutaddictiontodrugsoralcohol,wefrequentlyfocusonnegativeaspects,ignoringthepleasuresthataccompanydrinkingordrugtaking.Andyettheessenceofanyseriousaddictionisapursuitofpleasure,asearchfora“high”thatnormallifedoesnotsupply.Itisonlytheinabilitytofunctionwithouttheaddictivesubstancethatisdismayingthedependenceoftheorganismuponthecertainexperienceandincreasinginabilitytofunctionnormallywithoutit.Thusapersonwilltaketwoorthreedrinksattheendofthedaynotmerelyforthepleasuredrinkingprovides,butalsobecausehe“doesn'tfeelnormal"withoutthem.

Anaddictdoesnotmerelypursueapleasurableexperienceandneedtoexperienceitinordertofunctionnormally.Heneedstorepeatitagainandagain.Somethingaboutthatparticularexperiencemakeslifewithoutitlessthancomplete.Otherpotentiallypleasurableexperiencesarenolongerpossible,forunderthespelloftheaddictiveexperiencehislifeispeculiarlydistorted.Theaddictcravesanexperienceandyetheisneverreallysatisfied.Theorganismmaybetemporarilystated,butsoonitbeginstocraveagain.

Finallyaseriousaddictionisdistinguishedfromaharmlesspursuitofpleasurebyitsdistinctlydestructiveelements.Aheroinaddict,forinstance,leadsadamagedlife:hisincreasingneedforheroininincreasingdosespreventshimfromworking,frommaintainingrelationships,fromdevelopinginhumanways.Similarlyanalcoholic'slifeisnarrowedanddehumanizedbyhisdependenceonalcohol.

Letusconsidertelevisionviewinginthelightoftheconditionsthatdefineseriousaddictions.

1.Theessenceofanyseriousaddictionis（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,anaddict’slifeispeculiarlydistortedbecause（

）.

3.Seriousaddictionisdifferentfromaharmlesspursuitofpleasurebythefactthat（

）.

4.Whichkindofaddictionisnotmentionedinthepassage?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thefocusisusuallyputon（

）.

6.Inthefollowingparagraphs,theauthorwillcontinuetodiscuss（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinabilitytofunctionwithouttheaddictivesubstance

B.asearchforahighthatnormallifedoesnotsupply

C.thedependenceoftheorganismuponacertainexperience

D.thedismayofnotbeingabletofunctionnormally

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hemerelypursueapleasurableexperience

B.heneedtoexperienceittofunctionnormally

C.hecan'tfindpleasureinotherpotentialpleasurableexperiences

D.hebeginstocraveagain

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ithasextremelyseriousconsequences.

B.ithelpsapersontobehavenormally.

C.itcanmakeapersonsatisfied.

D.itdoesnotmakelifecomplete.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Heroinaddiction

B.Alcoholaddiction

C.Sportsmania

D.TVAddiction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thepleasureofdrinkinganddrug-taking.

B.thenegativeaspectsofdoingsuchthings

C.anaddict'sdistortedlife

D.theseriouspursuitofpleasure

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Addictioningeneral

B.Seriousnessofdrugabusing

C.TVaddiction

D.ThepleasureofwatchingTV

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章中“Andyettheessenceofanyseriousaddictionisapursuitofpleasure,asearchfora‘high’thatnormallifedoesnotsupply.”，中文翻譯為：然而任何嚴(yán)重的上癮的精髓都是一種對快樂的追求，一種平常生活中無法提供的對“過頭”的探求。因此B選項(xiàng)：尋求一種正常生活不能提供的“過頭”，為正確答案。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章中“Anaddictdoesnotmerelypursueapleasurableexperienceandneedtoexperienceitinordertofunctionnormally.Heneedstorepeatitagainandagain.Somethingaboutthatparticularexperiencemakeslifewithoutitlessthancomplete.Otherpotentiallypleasurableexperiencesarenolongerpossible,forunderthespelloftheaddictiveexperience,hislifeispeculiarlydistorted.Theaddictcravesanexperienceandyetheisneverreallysatisfied.Theorganismmaybetemporarilystated,butsoonitbeginstocraveagain.”，中文翻譯為：上癮者不僅僅是追求愉快的體驗(yàn)，而且需要體驗(yàn)它才能正常工作。他需要一遍又一遍地重復(fù)。這種特殊的經(jīng)歷會讓沒有它的生活變得不完整。其他潛在的愉快的經(jīng)歷不再可能，因?yàn)樵谏习a的經(jīng)歷的魔力下，他的生活特別扭曲了。癮君子渴望一種體驗(yàn)，但他從未真正得到滿足。這種有機(jī)體可能暫時(shí)存在，但很快又開始渴望?？梢缘弥狣選項(xiàng)“他開始再次渴望”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章中倒數(shù)第二段“Finallyaseriousaddictio