考研考博-英語(yǔ)-佳木斯大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-佳木斯大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomemoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.

Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes“priorto”disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,oreffluents,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.

Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Effluentsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesarepotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

3.Thereadercanconcludethat（）.

4.Theauthorgivessubstancetothepassagethroughtheuseof（）.

5.Thewords“priorto”(para.2)probablymean（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupply

B.toexplainindustrialusesofwater

C.toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblems

D.todemonstratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Industrialdevelopmentincludesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.

B.Dilutingwastesneedscertainamountofwater.

C.Demandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulation.

D.Intensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpollutionproblems

B.byproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplace

C.scienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersupplies

D.someindustriesarenowmakingeconomicuseofwastes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.interviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrols

B.opinionsandpersonalobservations

C.definitionswhichclarifyimportantterms

D.strongargumentsandpersuasions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.during

C.before

D.beyond

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文第一段首先指出未來(lái)的水問題將變得更加嚴(yán)重和復(fù)雜，尤其是污水問題。接下來(lái)在二三段主要講解決污水問題的方法。所以本文主要的目的是為了讓人們了解污水問題，選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldecreasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.我們不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口將極大地增加城市垃圾，主要是污水。另一方面，對(duì)水的需求增加將大大減少可用來(lái)稀釋廢物的水量?！笨芍x項(xiàng)B和選項(xiàng)C均有涉及；根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.這將涉及越來(lái)越多的農(nóng)用化學(xué)品?！笨芍x項(xiàng)D有涉及。根據(jù)第一段第四句“Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesses…快速發(fā)展的工業(yè)涉及越來(lái)越復(fù)雜的化學(xué)過程”，并沒有說(shuō)工業(yè)發(fā)展包括簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的化學(xué)過程，所以選項(xiàng)A與原文表述不符。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesarepotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.許多行業(yè)，如肉類和家禽加工廠，目前正在將以前的廢物轉(zhuǎn)化為可銷售的副產(chǎn)品。其他行業(yè)是廢物的潛在經(jīng)濟(jì)用途?！币簿褪钦f(shuō)，一些行業(yè)現(xiàn)在正在經(jīng)濟(jì)地利用廢物，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。從全文來(lái)看，作者只是在表達(dá)個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)以及陳述個(gè)人觀察的結(jié)果：介紹水污染及其解決辦法，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.詞義推斷題。根據(jù)句意可知，“theprocessingofsolidwastes”應(yīng)該是在“disposal”之前，所以“priorto”意為“之前”，選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.單選題

InmuchoftheAmericanSouthinthe1950s,thefirstrowsofseatsoncitybuseswereforwhitepeopleonly.Blackpeoplesatinthe（61）ofthebus.Bothgroupscouldsitinamiddlearea（62）,blackpeoplesittinginthatpartofthebuswere（63）toleavetheirseatsifawhitepersonwantedtositthere.

RosaParksandthreeotherblackpeople（64）inthemiddleareaofthebuswhenawhitepersongotonthebusandwantedaseat.Thebusdriver（65）thatallfourblackpeopleleavetheirseatssothewhitepersonwouldnothavetositnexttoanyof（66）.Thethreeotherblacksgotup,butMrs.Parks（67）.Shewasarrested.

Somepopularstoriesaboutthat（68）includethestatementthatRosaParksrefusedtoleaveherseatbecauseherfeetweretired.Butshe（69）saidinlateryearsthatthiswas（70）.

Whatshewasreally（71）shesaid,wasacceptingunequaltreatment.Sheexplainedlaterthatthisseemedtobetheplaceforhertostopbeingpushed（72）andtofindoutwhathumanrightsshehad,ifany.

AgroupofblackactivistwomeninMontgomerywasknown（73）theWomen'sPoliticalCouncil.Thegroupwasworkingtoopposethe（74）ofblackbuspassengers.Blackshadbeenarrestedandevenkilledfor（75）ordersfrombusdrivers.RosaParkswasnotthefirstblackpersontorefuseto（76）aseatonthebusforawhiteperson.ButblackgroupsinMontgomeryconsideredhertobetherightcitizenaround（77）tobuildaprotestbecauseshewasoneofthefinestcitizensofthecity.

Thewomen'sgroupimmediately（78）allblacksinthecitytorefusetorideoncitybusesonthedayofMrs.Parks'strial,Monday,December15.Theresultwasthatfortythousandpeoplewalkedand（79）other（80）onthatday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.middle

B.front

C.back

D.left

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.However

B.Eventhough

C.Considering

D.Nowthat

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.accepted

B.expected

C.excepted

D.receipted

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wereseating

B.seated

C.wereseated

D.seating

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.commended

B.demanded

C.recommended

D.reminded

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.it

B.theirs

C.them

D.his

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.refused

B.agreed

C.admitted

D.promised

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.accident

B.case

C.affair

D.incident

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.herown

B.onherown

C.herself

D.byherself

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.falser

B.forge

C.exciting

D.distinguished

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.tired

B.tiringabout

C.tiredin

D.tiredof

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.hard

B.off

C.UDP

D.around

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.top

C.for

D.with

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.maltreat

B.mistreatment

C.untreatment

D.intreatment

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.implementing

B.violating

C.submitting

D.yielding

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.giveup

B.givein

C.giveof

D.giveout

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.whose

C.whoever

D.whom

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.calledup

B.calledforth

C.calledfor

D.calledin

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.touser

B.using

C.beingused

D.used

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.transmission

B.transportation

C.transferring

D.transaction

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:D

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】第1題:考查名詞辨析。前句句意為:前排的位置是留給白人的。所以該句表示:黑人坐后排，故選C。

第2題:考查連詞辨析?？崭袂熬渚湟鉃?中間區(qū)域的座位所有人都可以坐?？崭窈缶渚湟鉃?當(dāng)白人需要坐的時(shí)候，黑人就需要讓座，由此可知前后為轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，故選A。

第3題:考查固定搭配。beexpectedto被期望做某事。

第4題:考查固定搭配。Beseated坐下，位于。

第5題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。commend稱贊，表?yè)P(yáng)；demand要求，需要，recommend推薦，建議；remind提醒。該處句意為:白人在很多方面有優(yōu)先權(quán)，在公交車上，司機(jī)有權(quán)力要求黑人給白人讓座。故選B。

第6題:語(yǔ)法題?？疾槿朔Q代詞?？崭裉幰畹脑~指代前文中的allfourblackpeople，故選C。

第7題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。refuse拒絕;agree同意，承認(rèn)；admit承認(rèn)，容許；promise許諾。根據(jù)下文中的Shewasarrested(她被捕了)可知這里表示“拒絕了讓座”。

第8題:考查名詞辨析。accident事故，意外；case情況，案例；affair事情，事務(wù)；incident事件。此空格指代讓座事件，故選D。

第9題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。此處表示“她本人對(duì)這件事的解釋”，人稱代詞+反身代詞表示“某人自己”，因此選C項(xiàng)。

第10題:考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，一些相關(guān)的傳言是偽造的，故選A。

第11題:考查固定搭配。betiredof厭煩。

第12題:考查短語(yǔ)辨析。pushhard用力推；pushoff離開，走開；pushup增加，提高；pusharound把…差來(lái)遣去（或呼來(lái)喚去）。句意:她后來(lái)解釋說(shuō)，這里似乎是她停止受人擺布的地方，也是可以看看究竟有什么人權(quán)的地方(若有的話)。

第13題:考查固定搭配。Beknownas表示“以...知名；被認(rèn)為是；稱為”，符合句意。

第14題:考查名詞辨析。Beknownas被稱為…。根據(jù)下文中的Blackshadbeenarrestedandevenkilledfor..(黑人被逮捕，甚至被殺害)可知該團(tuán)體是反對(duì)“虐待黑人”，故選B項(xiàng)。

第15題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:黑人因違反公交司機(jī)的命令而被捕，甚至被殺。故選B。

第16題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。giveup放棄；交出；givein屈服；讓步；giveof獻(xiàn)出；giveout分發(fā)，發(fā)出。此處表示“放棄座位”，故選A。

第17題:語(yǔ)法題?？疾閺木涞倪B接詞。句子中的around77tobuildaprotest作定語(yǔ)修飾therightcitizen,且先行詞指人故選D。

第18題:考查固定搭配。callfor要求，提倡。這里可以理解為“號(hào)召”。

第19題:語(yǔ)法題?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句子中walked是過去時(shí)，所以后面的動(dòng)詞也要用一般過去時(shí)。

第20題:考查名詞辨析。Transmission傳遞；傳送；transportation運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)；transferring轉(zhuǎn)移；傳遞；transaction交易；事務(wù)。根據(jù)上文中的refusetorideoncitybuses“拒絕乘坐城市巴士”可知此處是表示“選擇乘坐其他交通工具”，故選B。

3.單選題

BydrinkingtoomuchCoke,herteethwereruinedandshehadtowearasetof（）teethatthirty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supernatural

B.superficial

C.artificial

D.superstitious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。supernatural“超自然的，神奇的，不可思議的”；superficial“表面的，膚淺的”；artificial“人造的，仿造的，虛偽的”；superstitious“迷信的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞ruined可知他的牙已經(jīng)毀壞了，因此需要戴假牙，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。句意：由于喝了太多可樂，她的牙齒被毀壞了，不得不三十歲就戴上了假牙。

4.單選題

Thepeoplelivingintheseapartmentshavefree（）tothatswimmingpool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.access

B.excess

C.excursion

D.recreation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：住在這些公寓里的人可以免費(fèi)去那個(gè)游泳池。have（free）accessto為固定搭配，意為“免費(fèi)...”。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomly(隨機(jī)地)assignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihood(可能性)ofconflict.

Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudiceandcompelstudentstoengageinmoreethnicallydiversefriendships.

AnOhioStateUniversitystudyalsofoundthatblackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.

InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye—theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor—saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”

Researchersalsoobservedproblemsresultingfrompairinginterracialstudentsinresidences.Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.

AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.

GraceKao,aprofessoratPennsaidshewasnotsurprisedbythefindings.“Thismaybethefirsttimethatsomeofthesestudentshaveinteracted,andlived,withsomeoneofadifferentrace,”shesaid.

AtPenn,studentsarenotaskedtoindicateracewhenapplyingtorhousing.

“Oneofthegreatthingsaboutfreshmanhousingisthat,withsomeexceptions,theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,”saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley.“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.”

“I’veexperiencedroommateconflictsbetweeninterracialstudentsthathavebothbrokendownstereotypesandreinforcedstereotypes,”saidonePennresidentadvisorRA.TheRAoftwoyearsaddedthatwhilesomeconflicts“providedmoremulticulturalacceptanceandmelding(融合)”,therewerealso“jarringculturalconfrontations”.

TheRAsaidthattheseconflictshavealsooccurredamongroommatesofthesamerace.Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?

2.WhatdoesSamBoakye’sremarkmean?

3.WhatdoestheIndianaUniversitystudyshow?

4.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe“definitionofintegration”?

5.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Conflictsbetweenstudentsofdifferentracesareunavoidable.

B.Studentsofdifferentracesareprejudicedagainsteachother.

C.Interraciallodgingdoesmoreharmthangood.

D.Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.

B.Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.

C.Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.

D.Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.

B.Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.

C.Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon’tgetalong.

D.Assigningstudents’lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Studentsofdifferentracesarerequiredtosharearoom.

B.Interraciallodgingisarrangedbytheschoolforfreshmen.

C.Lodgingisassignedtostudentsofdifferentraceswithoutexception.

D.Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.

B.Schoolsshouldbecautiouswhenmakingdecisionsaboutstudentlodging.

C.Students’racialbackgroundshouldbeconsideredbeforelodgingisassigned.

D.Experiencedresidentadvisorsshouldbeassignedtohandletheproblems.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomlyassignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihoodofconflict.（最近的一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會(huì)增強(qiáng)包容性，但也可能會(huì)增加沖突的幾率。），可知不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會(huì)有好的結(jié)果和不好的結(jié)果，并且沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)更有可能是好的還是不好的結(jié)果，D選項(xiàng)“讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能有不同的結(jié)果”正確，A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生之間的沖突不可避免”和C選項(xiàng)“讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起弊大于利”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生互相有偏見”：根據(jù)第二段Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudice（最近的報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，與不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會(huì)減少偏見），可知文章表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)是偏見可能會(huì)減少，而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)偏見的存在。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段blackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.（與白人室友同住的黑人學(xué)生在整個(gè)大學(xué)生涯中獲得了更高的學(xué)術(shù)成就。研究人員認(rèn)為這可能是社會(huì)壓力造成的。）和第四段InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye—theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor—saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”（在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的一篇文章中，大學(xué)一年級(jí)唯一的黑人學(xué)生Samboakye說(shuō)：“如果你周圍都是白人，你就得證明自己?！保芍c白人室友同住的黑人學(xué)生更加努力，因此獲得了更高的學(xué)術(shù)成就，D選項(xiàng)“周圍是白人同學(xué)的環(huán)境激勵(lì)黑人學(xué)生更加努力地工作以獲得成功”正確。B選項(xiàng)“黑人學(xué)生可以在學(xué)業(yè)上與白人同齡人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”：不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“白人學(xué)生往往看不起他們的黑人同學(xué)”和C選項(xiàng)“在大學(xué)一年級(jí)期間，黑人學(xué)生在白人同齡人中有些尷尬”：文中沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.（根據(jù)最近的兩項(xiàng)研究，隨機(jī)分配的不同種族的室友更有可能經(jīng)歷緊張的沖突，以至于其中一個(gè)室友會(huì)搬出去。）和第六段AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.（印第安納大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，到學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)，不同種族室友不住在一起的可能性是兩個(gè)白人室友的三倍。），可知不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起比同種族的學(xué)生住在一起更容易鬧矛盾，但不是一定會(huì)鬧矛盾，A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的室友更容易爭(zhēng)吵”正確，C選項(xiàng)“不同種族的室友相處不好”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“很少有白人學(xué)生喜歡和黑人同學(xué)合住一個(gè)房間”：沒有具體提到白人學(xué)生對(duì)住宿對(duì)象的意向。D選項(xiàng)“隨機(jī)分配學(xué)生住宿不是一個(gè)好政策”：這里討論的是不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起的相關(guān)情況，而非隨機(jī)分配學(xué)生住宿不是一個(gè)好政策是否合理。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第九段“theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,”saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley.“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.”（“這個(gè)過程會(huì)隨意地把你們聚在一起。”本科生大會(huì)主席AlecWebley說(shuō)，“這就是整合的定義?！保?，可知這里的“整合”指的是把不同種族的學(xué)生隨機(jī)聚在一起，D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校隨機(jī)分配室友，不考慮種族”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生被要求共享一個(gè)房間”和B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校為新生安排不同種族的室友”：學(xué)校沒有特意規(guī)定和硬性要求，室友都是隨機(jī)分配，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不同種族的學(xué)生一視同仁”：這里的重點(diǎn)不是平等對(duì)待所有學(xué)生，給所有學(xué)生同樣的福利或待遇，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)隨機(jī)分配室友，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.（Kao說(shuō)，她告誡不要基于任何一項(xiàng)研究得出一般性結(jié)論，指出需要研究和解釋更多學(xué)生的背景特征。），可知Kao認(rèn)為需要進(jìn)行足夠的研究才能給出結(jié)論，A選項(xiàng)“沒有進(jìn)一步研究就對(duì)其進(jìn)行概括是不科學(xué)的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校在安排學(xué)生住宿時(shí)應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎”，C選項(xiàng)“在分配住宿之前，應(yīng)該考慮學(xué)生的種族背景”和D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該指派有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的室長(zhǎng)來(lái)處理這些問題”：文中沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

TheCivilWarprovidedanimpetustoMichigan'sgrowth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anincentiveto

B.anobstacleto

C.areasonfor

D.adelayin

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。animpetusto意為“推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)”；anincentiveto意為“刺激，激勵(lì)”；anobstacleto意為“障礙”；areasonfor意為“理由，原因”；adelayin意為“延遲”。

句意：南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)推動(dòng)了密歇根州的發(fā)展。

7.單選題

Thestorywas（）;itwascompletelyuntrue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.facilitated

B.fascinated

C.fabricated

D.formulated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)facilitated“促進(jìn)；幫助”；B選項(xiàng)fascinated“使著迷；使陶醉”；C選項(xiàng)fabricated“編造；虛構(gòu)”；D選項(xiàng)formulated“規(guī)劃”。句意：這個(gè)故事是……的，完全不真實(shí)。根據(jù)后面的評(píng)價(jià)completelyuntrue“一點(diǎn)也不真實(shí)”，可以知道這個(gè)故事是編造而成的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsripsintothepopulace,scientistsimmediatelygettowork,tryingtolocatethesourceoftheafflictionandfindwaystocombatit.Oftentimes,successisachieved,asmedicalscienceisabletoisolatetheparasite,germorcellthatcausestheprob-lemandfindswaystoeffectivelykillorcontainit.Inthemostseriousofcases,inwhichtheen-tirepopulationofaregionorcountrymaybeatgraverisk,itisdeemednecessarytoprotecttheentirepopulationthroughvaccination,soastosafeguardlivesandensurethatthediseasewillnotspread.

Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodytodevelopimmunitytothevirusordiseasesothat,ifitisencountered,onecanwarditoffnaturally.Toaccomplishthis,asmallweakordeadstrainofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment,sothathisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvaderproperly.Informationonhowtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesistransmittedtoallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnatural-ly,inwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat,shouldthepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblem,hisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedtodealwithit,havingalreadydonesobefore.

Therearedangersinherentintheprocess,however.Onoccasion,eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineprovestoomuchforthebodytohandle,resultingintheimmunesystemsuccumbing,and,therefore,thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine,designedtoeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearlywipedouttheentireNativeAmericanpopula-tionandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.Approximately1in10,000peoplewhoreceivesthevac-cinecontractthesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Thus,iftheentirepopula-tionoftheUnitedStatesweretoreceivetheSmallpoxVaccinetoday,30000Americanswouldbeleftdead.

Fortunately,thesmallpoxviruswasconsiderederadicatedintheearly1970s,endingthemanda-toryvaccinationofallbabiesinAmerica.Intheeventofareintroductionofthedisease,however,mandatoryvaccinationsmayresume,resultinginmoreunexpecteddeathsfromvaccination.Theprocess,whichistrulyamixedblessing,mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.

1.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe（）

2.WhatdoestheexampleoftheSmallpoxVaccineillustrate?

3.Thephrase“warditoffnaturally”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.“Vaccinations:ABlessingorACurse”

B.“PrinciplesofVaccinations”

C.“Vaccines:MethodsandImplications”

D.“AMiracleCureunderAttack”

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thepossiblenegativeoutcomeofadministeringvaccines.

B.Thepracticaluseofavaccinetocontrolanepidemicdisease.

C.Theeffectivenessofvaccinesineradicatingcertaindisease.

D.Themethodbywhichvaccinesareemployedagainstthedisease.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.disposeofitnaturally

B.fightitoffwithease

C.seetoitreluctantly

D.splitupproperly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Savingthemajoritywouldnecessarilyjustifythedeathoftheminority.

B.Theimmunesystemcanbetrainedtofightweakerversionsofadisease.

C.Mandatoryvaccinationsareindispensabletothesurvivalofthepopulace.

D.Theprocessofvaccinationremainsamysterytobefurtherresolved.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.tocommentandcriticize

B.todemonstrateandargue

C.tointerestandentertain

D.toexplainandinform

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。C選項(xiàng)“接種：方法和含義”概括全文大意。其他選項(xiàng)不夠全面。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章中天花的舉例是在第三段中出現(xiàn)的，第三、四段主要闡述使用疫苗可能帶來(lái)的負(fù)面效果，而A選項(xiàng)“管理疫苗可能帶來(lái)的負(fù)面后果”與文章相符。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段講述的是如果接種疫苗，身體可以自然對(duì)抗這種疾病，選項(xiàng)B（很輕松地與之對(duì)抗）正確。

4.推理題。選項(xiàng)B（免疫系統(tǒng)能夠被訓(xùn)練來(lái)抵抗較弱的疾病變體）符合原文中心思想。

5.主旨題。本文是科普性文章。所以D項(xiàng)（為了解釋和告知信息）正確。

9.單選題

Theydenouncedeficitspending,declaringthatyoucan’tsolvedebtproblemswithmoredebt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.condemn

B.dispute

C.contend

D.neglect

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.condemn譴責(zé)，指責(zé)B.dispute對(duì)……提出質(zhì)詢，對(duì)……表示異議（或懷疑）

C.contend（尤指在爭(zhēng)論中）聲稱，主張D.neglect忽略，忽視

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】denounce的意思為“譴責(zé)，指責(zé)”，指的是譴責(zé)財(cái)政赤字，condemn與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】他們譴責(zé)財(cái)政赤字，宣稱增加債務(wù)并不能解決債務(wù)問題。

10.單選題

Massmediaasacarrierandavenueofmessage（

）hasmoreandmoreimportantfunctionandforceinmodemsociety.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prognosis

B.promulgate

C.proclamation

D.prolongation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞和動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。prognosis預(yù)知；promulgate傳播；proclamation宣布；prolongation延伸。句意：大眾媒體作為信息發(fā)布的載體與渠道，在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用。根據(jù)句意可知，C項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Icertainlydidn’tintendto______yourplans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.upset

B.shake

C.shave

D.drag

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)upset“打亂；打翻”；B選項(xiàng)shake“搖動(dòng)，抖動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)shave“剃毛”；D選項(xiàng)drag“（使勁而吃力地）拖”。句意：我當(dāng)然不想______你的計(jì)劃。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是不想妨礙計(jì)劃，A選項(xiàng)upset“打亂”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:Saltisbadforyou—regardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard.“Thereisadirectrelationship，”USCongressmanNealSmithnoted,betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn’tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.’’Dustan’smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureunderwentnochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation，”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”

Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Foranaverageperson,