考研考博-英語-廣州大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣州大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatwillallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.Thisistrueregardlessofage.

Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.Andsomeonewithahistoryofdoingmorethanlesswillgointooldagemorecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.

Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.“Theideaisnotnecessarytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation,”saysJamesFozard,associatedirectorofthenationalInstituteonAging.“Mostofusdon’tneedthatkindofskill.Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmetalalertness.Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.

GeneCohen,actingdirectorofthesameinstitute,suggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.Hesaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremorelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiesandtobegenerallyhappierandbetteradjusted.D.“Thepointis,youneedtodoboth,”Cohensays."Intellectualactivityactuallyinfluencesbrain-cellhealthandsize.”

1.Peoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthyarethose.

2.AccordingtoFozard,peoplecanmaketheirbrainsworkmoreefficientlyby.

3.ThefindingsofJamesandotherscientistsintheirwork.

4.Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto.

5.Thepassageismainlyabout.

問題1選項

A.whocanrememberlargeamountsofinformation

B.whoarehighlyintelligent

C.whosemindsarealertandreceptive

D.whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentthings

問題2選項

A.constantlydoingmemorywork

B.takingpartinvariousmentalactivities

C.goingthroughspecifictraining

D.makingfrequentadjustments

問題3選項

A.remaintobefurtherproved

B.havebeenchallengedbymanyotherexperts

C.havebeengenerallyaccepted

D.arepracticedbytheresearchersthemselves

問題4選項

A.keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivities

B.keepmentallyactivebychallengingtheirbrains

C.maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictraining

D.maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities

問題5選項

A.howbiochemicalchangesoccurinhumanbrain

B.whypeopleshouldkeepactivebothphysicallyandmentally

C.howintellectualactivitiesinfluencehealth

D.whypeopleshouldreceivespecialmentaltrainingastheyage

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段提到當人們動腦筋的時候大腦會發(fā)生變化，使其在注意力和記憶等認知區(qū)域更有效地發(fā)揮作用（Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatwillallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory），由此可知有善于動腦的人認知上更健康，因此選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段提到了Fozard的觀點，他認為普通人沒有必要去做大量的記憶訓練，只要讓思維保持警覺就可以（Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmetalalertness），因此選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段最后一句話提到Fozard和其他人用不同的精神心理技能來挑戰(zhàn)自己的大腦（Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork），因此選項D符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句話Hesaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage…可知選項A符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一二段提到研究人員證實當人們動腦筋時，會使得注意力和記憶等認知區(qū)域更有效地發(fā)揮作用；第三四段提到幾位研究人員對這個觀點的進一步說明，并且建議隨著年紀增長，身體和精神都應(yīng)該得到鍛煉，因此選項B“為什么人們應(yīng)該在身體和精神上都保持活躍”符合題意。

2.單選題

Accordingtolegalprovisions,thepropertieswilleither____theoriginalownersorelsebesoldatauction.

問題1選項

A.committo

B.taketo

C.rompto

D.revertto

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“committo”，意為“交付，把……投入，對……作出承諾”，B選項“taketo”，意為“帶到，養(yǎng)成（做……）的習慣”，C選項“rompto”，意為“輕松”，D選項revertto，意為“回復(fù)，歸還”。句意：根據(jù)法律規(guī)定，這些財產(chǎn)要么歸原有者所有，要么被拍賣。因此，D選項符合句意。

3.單選題

Atthesightofthisphotographhechangedhis（

）.

問題1選項

A.countenance

B.counteragent

C.concessions

D.counteract

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項countenance“面容，表情”；B選項counteragent“反作用劑；中和力”；C選項concessions“讓步，讓與”；D選項counteract“抵消”，句意為：一看到這張照片，他面色就變了。故正確答案選A。

4.單選題

Theystoodgazingatthehappy（）ofchildrenplayinginthepark.

問題1選項

A.perspective

B.view

C.landscape

D.scene

【答案】D

【解析】名詞近義詞辨析。句意：他們站在那兒，凝視著在公園里玩耍的孩子們的快樂場景。perspective遠景，透視圖；view視野，風景；landscape風景，風景畫；scene特定地點的景色，場景。D項在表示場景時，場景中通常包括了其中的人物及其活動，所以本題選D。

5.單選題

（）,Shakespearewasalsoaprolificwriterofsonnets.

問題1選項

A.Notingforhisplays

B.Notesofhisplays,

C.Famousplays

D.Notedforhisplays

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號后是完整的句子，所以前半句中的動詞需要變?yōu)榉侵^語形式，而note與主句主語Shakespeare之間是被動關(guān)系，因此，正確答案為D項。句意：看莎士比亞的作品可知，他也是一個多產(chǎn)的短詩作者。

6.單選題

Sheoftensayshergreatesthappiness（

）servingthehandicappedchildren.

問題1選項

A.consistsin

B.relieson

C.composesof

D.comprisesin

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。consistin“在于”；relyon“依賴”；composeof“由······構(gòu)成”；comprisein“包括在”。句意：她經(jīng)常說她最大的幸福在于為殘疾兒童服務(wù)。選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Thenewlyelectedpresidenthas________$13milliontotheautomobileindustryforitssurvival.

問題1選項

A.prepared

B.promised

C.disposed

D.pledged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“準備”；B選項“許下，應(yīng)允”；C選項“處理”；D選項“保證”。句意：新當選的總統(tǒng)（）花13億元來拯救汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)。根據(jù)句意，空格中意思填“保證”最合適，pledge和promise都有保證的意思，但是pledge一般表公開場合的保證，意義比較嚴肅，promise只是承諾。總統(tǒng)說的保證肯定是比較嚴肅的，所以答案選D。

8.單選題

Ⅸ.(LitigationProcedure)

Arelatedconsequenceofthetrial’sdisappearancewouldbetheincreasingbureaucratizationofAmericansociety.Corporatebureaucraciesrationallyorganizedtoachieveprofitmaximizationwouldbelessqualified.Wewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonouroftenpoliticallybeleagueredadministrativeagenciestocontrolthelatter.Andevenwithinthelegalsystemitself,formalisticmodesofadjudication,whichparallelbureaucraticdecision-making,wouldbelessqualified.Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.InsofarasabureaucraticapparatusgrindsforwardmechanicallyandinexorablywemayendupwithwhatHannahArendthasfamouslycalledanirresponsible“rulebynobody”.

Itisunlikely,however,inmanycasesthatgeneralrulesreallydodecideparticularcases.Insteadofamechanicalsystemdecidingcasesdeductively,whatwewillprobablyhaveinmanycasesarejudgesdecidingcasesintheintersticesofcomplexruleswhichdonotthemselvesdecidethecase.Unlikethedevicesofthetrial,whichcanreally“getinside”thedecision-makerandwhosemoralsourcesactuallycantrumpthesubjectivityofalonedecision-maker,complexpatternsofjurisdictional,procedural,evidentiary,andsubstantiverulescaninvitemanipulationbyaCartesianjudgeviewingthoserulesfromadistance.Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.Thereisanothereffectofthedecliningimportanceofpublicprocessesofadjudication.

Wearecontinuingtoloseamajorsourceofpublicinformationonimportantquestionsofgeneralconcern.“Aslongascourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdatainvolumeandkindoutstrippingthatproducedaboutadjudicationinadministrativeagencies,andaslongasprivateprovidersdonotregularlydisseminateinformationaboutorprovideaccesstotheirprocesses,”then“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges，andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”

83.Theunderlinedsentencemeansthatbureaucraticmodesofsocialordering___.

84.ThestatementclosestinmeaningtoJudgePosner’sstatementis___.

85.Whencourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdata,thedecliningtrialratedoesNOTcomewith___.

86.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillNOThappeniftrialdisappearsintheUnitedStates?

問題1選項

A.donotlookintovalueorpreferencebutratherrelyonjudgmentorintuitionwhenmakingdecision

B.havenothingtodowithvalueorpreference

C.areakindofadministrativetask

D.relyonjudgmentorintuition

問題2選項

A.Areallyskillfullegalanalystcanalwayscoveroverhimself

B.Askillfuljudgecanalwaysfindalegalreasonforhisjudgment

C.Thelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused

D.Legalvarnishcancoveroverlegaloutcome

問題3選項

A.decreaseofpublicknowledgeofdisputes

B.diminutionofpublicinformationregardingjudges’behavior

C.growthofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord

D.lesseningofpublicawarenessofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord

問題4選項

A.Formalisticmodesofadjudicationwouldbelessqualified.

B.Corporatebureaucracieswouldbecomelessqualified.

C.Peoplewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonadministrativeagencies.

D.Bureaucraticdecision-makingwouldbequalified.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】83.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.（社會秩序的官僚模式尋求“排除與行政任務(wù)明顯無關(guān)的價值或偏好問題，并將依賴不可復(fù)制、不可審查的判斷或直覺視為一種非常沒有吸引力的決策方法”）可知官僚模式將直覺視為決策方法，選A選項“不考慮價值或偏好，而是依靠判斷或直覺做決定”；B選項“與價值或偏好無關(guān)”，C選項“是一種行政任務(wù)”以及D選項“依靠判斷或直覺”和原文不符。因此A選項正確。

84.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“JudgePosner”定位到原文第二段Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.（畢竟，正如波斯納法官所說，“幾乎沒有法律的結(jié)果是一個非常熟練的法律分析師不能用法律粉飾掩蓋的”，至少“當法律是不確定的和情緒激動的時候”）可知選C選項“法律是不確定的和情緒激動的”；A選項“一個真正有技巧的法律分析師總能掩飾自己”，B選項“一個有經(jīng)驗的法官總能為他的判決找到合法的理由”以及D選項“法律粉飾可以掩蓋法律結(jié)果”不符合原文。因此C選項正確。

85.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“thedecliningtrialrate”定位到原文最后一段“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges，andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”（“隨著審判率的下降，公眾對糾紛、法官行為和公眾對不和諧的規(guī)范反應(yīng)的了解也會減少?！保┛芍狢選項“在公眾場合形成對不和諧的規(guī)范反應(yīng)”原文未涉及；A選項“減少公眾對糾紛的認識”，B選項“減少關(guān)于法官行為的公共信息”以及D選項“公眾意識的削弱，在公眾中偽造對不和諧的規(guī)范反應(yīng)”原文有提及。因此C選項符合題意。

86.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字定位到原文第二段Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.（因此，從審判的消失中出現(xiàn)的嚴峻景象是一個官僚化的世界，在這個世界上，案件的運行是由一個不負責任的機制進行的，而剩下的案件則是“在法律不確定的情況下，由法官未經(jīng)訓練的主觀性或政治承諾引起的情緒”所影響）可知D選項“官僚決策將是合格的”不會發(fā)生；A選項“形式主義的裁決模式不合格”，B選項“公司官僚機構(gòu)將變得不那么合格”以及C選項“人們將不得不更完全地依賴行政機構(gòu)”都會發(fā)生。因此D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Thisreporttellsabouttwingirlsseparatedatbirth,raisedinstrikinglydifferenthomes,who________havestrikinglysimilarpsyches.

問題1選項

A.moreover

B.nonetheless

C.deliberately

D.coincidentally

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.moreover此外，而且B.nonetheless盡管如此，然而

C.deliberately故意地，蓄意地D.coincidentally巧合地，碰巧地

【考查點】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】who引導了一個定語從句修飾先行詞“twingirls（雙胞胎女孩）”，上文說到她們“在截然不同的家庭（strikinglydifferenthomes）中長大”，和下文“心理卻驚人地相似（strikinglysimilar）”形成對比，說明前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，盡管她們在不同的家庭中長大，但心理卻是相似的。nonetheless作連接副詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此B選項nonetheless“盡管如此，然而”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項moreover“此外，而且”指引入新的信息來補充或支持之前所說的內(nèi)容，表示遞進的邏輯關(guān)系；

C選項deliberately“故意地，蓄意地”指有計劃地做某事，而非偶然；

D選項coincidentally“巧合地，碰巧地”指因為巧合而發(fā)生；

均不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】這份報告講述了一對在出生時就被分開的雙胞胎女孩，雖然在截然不同的家庭中長大，但她們的心理卻驚人地相似。

10.單選題

Ahealthytradingsystemrequiresthatcountriesbebotheagerexportersandimporters.Ifnationsdon’tspendwhattheyearnabroad—orifweakeconomiesmakethemweakimporters-thenthetradingsystemwillcollapse.Thatistoday’sproblem.

Wherewillfuturetradeexpansioncomefrom?Europeseemsadoubtfulcandidate.Withfeebleeconomicgrowth,itwon’tbuyalotmoreexports.LatinAmericaisinasimilarposition.Manybigcountries(Argentina,Brazil)aresoburdenedbydebtthattheirgrowthishobbledandtheystriveforexportsurpluses-earningpreciousdollars-torepaytheirinternationalloans.AsforAfrica,it’ssopoorthatithardlymattersinglobaltrade.

Well,whataboutAsia?Itoughttosavetheglobaltradingsystem,butitmaydojusttheopposite.Thesecountriesareferociousexporters;theyseemtostriveforpermanenttradesurplusesandhoardtheirexcessexportearnings.Considerwhat’shappenedtotheirforeignexchangereserves.Since1996,theforeignexchangereservesofsomemajorAsiancountrieshavejumpedfromabout$500billiontomorethan$1.3trillion.Thesefundsaretypicallyleftinsafeinvestments,suchasU.S.Treasurysecurities.AlotofattentionhasfocusedonChina,buttheproblemislargerthanChinaalone.

Asaresult,thetradingsystemlackscircularity.Thejustificationforfreetradeisthateveryoneultimatelybenefits.Countriesdowhattheydobest.Poorcountriessellinexpensivelabor-intensivegoodstowealthycountriesandbuysophisticatedknowledge-intensivegoods.Livingstandardsinallcountriesrise.Someworkersandindustriesmaytemporarilylose,butmostconsumersbenefitandmostworkersareultimatelyre-employedintrade-competitiveindustries.Tradedoesn’tpermanentlydestroyjobs;spendingiscircular.

Iftoomanycountrieshoard,thelogicoffreetradecollapses.Tradecanbecomeaneconomicdepressantandjobdestroyer.Toomanysellerschasetoofewbuyers.Countriescompeteforbiggersharesofstagnantmarketsandtrytoshiftunemploymentabroad.Agreat,ifsilent,strugglehasbegun.Fordecades,expandingtradepromotedglobalprogress.Itreducedpovertyandspreadprosperity.Butifthetradingsystemcan’tsolveitsbasicproblem-over-relianceontheUSmarket---itcouldfosterpoliticaldivisionandeconomicvulnerabilityforall.Tradingpatternsmustbecomemorebalancedandsustainable.

1.SomebigLatinAmericacountriesare（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcertainregionaleconomyisTRUE?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thefreetradesystemwillcollapsewhen（）.

4.Theauthorstronglyadvocatesthatasustainablefreetradesystem（）.

5.Thelastparagraphmainlydealswith（）.

問題1選項

A.exportingmoreforenoughforeigncurrencytopaytheirdebt

B.exportingsurplusesastoreserveenoughpreciousUSdollars

C.usingUSdollarstopayalltheirinternationalanddomesticdebts

D.usingexportingasaneffectivewayfortheireconomicprosperity

問題2選項

A.Europemayhelpthefutureworldtradeexpansion.

B.LatinAmerica'sdebtwouldhinderitsexportcapacity

C.Asiamayenhancetradeexpansionbutnotspendingmuch

D.Africafindsithardtoemergeinworld-tradeexpansion

問題3選項

A.tradebecameeconomicdepressantandjobdestroyer

B.countriestriedtoshifttheirunemploymenttoothernations

C.worldtradeoverreliedonthevulnerableU.S.market

D.toomanycountriesarenotimportingmuchfromothercountries

問題4選項

A.shouldbechangedthroughinternationalcollaborations

B.willdefinitelybecomeaneconomicdepressantworldwide

C.requiresacircularityofbothimportingandexporting

D.shouldencouragebuyingmorefromtrade-competitiveindustries

問題5選項

A.economicbalanceandsustainability

B.economiccollapseandpotentialcrisis

C.tradecompetitionagainstU.S.market

D.worldwideeconomicachievementtoday

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第二段LatinAmericaisinasimilarposition.Manybigcountries(Argentina,Brazil)aresoburdenedbydebtthattheirgrowthishobbled,andtheystriveforexportsurpluses-earningpreciousdollars—torepaytheirinternationalloans.可知，拉丁美洲也處于類似的境地。許多大國(比如阿根廷，巴西)都背負著沉重的債務(wù)，經(jīng)濟增長舉步維艱，他們努力爭取出口盈余——賺取寶貴的美元——以償還國際貸款。因此，選項A“出口更多賺外幣來償還債務(wù)”符合原文，故本題正確答案為A項。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段Thesecountriesareferociousexporters;theyseemtostriveforpermanenttradesurplusesandhoardtheirexcessexportearnings可知，這些國家都是出口大國；他們似乎在爭取永久的貿(mào)易順差，并囤積過剩的出口收入。因此，可推測選項C“亞洲可能加強貿(mào)易擴張，但不會花太多”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問：根據(jù)作者觀點，當……時，自由貿(mào)易系統(tǒng)會崩潰。根據(jù)原文最后一段Iftoomanycountrieshoard,thelogicoffreetradecollapses可知，如果太多國家囤積，自由貿(mào)易的邏輯就會崩潰。因此，結(jié)合上下文可推測D選項“太多國家從沒有從其他國家大量進口”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由原文第四段Asaresult,thetradingsystemlackscircularity.Thejustificationforfreetradeisthateveryoneultimatelybenefits可知，以往的交易系統(tǒng)缺乏循環(huán)性。自由貿(mào)易存在的正當之處就是大家最終都能受益。這說明作者認為可持續(xù)發(fā)展的自由貿(mào)易具有循環(huán)性。因此，可推測C選項“要求進口和出口的循環(huán)”正確。故本題正確答案為C項。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問，最后一段主要講的內(nèi)容是什么？綜合分析可知，文章最后一段主要討論了貿(mào)易在何時會崩潰以及目前國際貿(mào)易太依賴美國市場所導致的隱含危機。因此，B選項“經(jīng)濟崩潰和潛在危機”最符合題意，故本題正確答案為B選項。

11.翻譯題

Visitamuseumthesedaysandyou’llseepeopleusingtheirsmartphonesandcamerastotakepicturesofworksofart,archeologicalfinds,historicalartifacts,andanyotherobjectthatstrikestheirfancy.Whiletakingapicturemightseemlikeagoodwaytopreservethemoment,newresearchsuggeststhatmuseum-goersmaywanttoputtheircamerasdown.Inanewstudy,psychologicalscientistLindaHenkelofFairfieldUniversitypresentsdatashowingthatparticipantshadworsememoryforobjects,andforspecificobjectdetails,whentheytookphotosofthem.

“Peoplesooftenwhipouttheircamerasalmostmindlesslytocaptureamoment,tothepointthattheyaremissingwhatishappeningrightinfrontofthem,”saysHenkel.Shecallsthisthe“photo-takingimpairmenteffect”.

【答案】如今參觀博物館，你會看到人們用智能手機和相機拍攝藝術(shù)作品、考古發(fā)現(xiàn)、歷史文物和任何其他吸引他們眼球的物品。雖然拍照似乎是保存這一瞬間的好方法，但新的研究表明，參觀博物館的人可能會想放下相機。在一項新的研究中，費爾菲爾德大學（FairfieldUniversity）的心理學家琳達?漢克爾（LindaHenkel）提供的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，參與者在拍照時對物體和特定物體細節(jié)的記憶力較差。

漢克爾說：“人們經(jīng)常無意識地拿出相機來捕捉某個瞬間，以至于他們忽略了眼前正在發(fā)生的事情?！彼Q之為“拍照障礙效應(yīng)”。

12.單選題

Inmostcasespoliticiansare______astheyseldomtellthetruth.

問題1選項

A.credible

B.credulous

C.incredulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項credible“可靠的，可信的”，B項credulous“輕信的，因輕信而產(chǎn)生的”，C項incredulous“不肯相信的，表示懷疑的”，D項incredible“不可能相信的，很難相信的”。由主語politicians（政客）和關(guān)鍵信息astheyseldomtellthetruth（因為他們很少講真話）可知，politiciansare______表示的是“政客都是不能相信的”，D項符合。句意：在大多數(shù)情況下，政客們都是難以令人相信的，因為他們很少講真話。因此，該題選擇D項。

13.單選題

PreviousresearchbyscientistsfromKeilUniversityinGermanymonitoredAdeliepenguinsandnotedthatthebirds'heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway.Butnewresearchusinganartificialegg,whichisequippedtomeasureheartrates,disputesthis.ScientistsfromtheScottPolarResearchInstituteatCambridgesaythataslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttooclosely,isnotperceivedasathreatbypenguins.

Theearlierfindingshavebeenusedtopartlyexplainthe20percentdropinpopulationsofcertaintypesofpenguinsneartouristsites.However,touroperatorshavecontinuedtoinsistthattheiractivitiesdonotadverselyaffectwildlifeinAntarctica,sayingtheyencouragenon-disruptivebehaviorintourists,andthatthedeclineinpenguinnumbersiscausedbyotherfactors.

AmandaNimonoftheScottPolarResearchInstitutespentthreesouthernhemispheresummersatCuvervilleIslandinAntarcticastudyingpenguinbehaviortowardshumans."Anestingpenguinwillreactverydifferentlytoapersonrapidlyandcloselyapproachingthenest,"saysNimon."Firsttheyexhibitlargeandprolongedheartratechangesandthentheyoftenfleethenestleavingitopenforpredators（捕食者）toflyinandremoveeggsorchicks."Theartificialegg,speciallydevelopedfortheproject,monitoredboththeparentwhohadbeendisturbedwhentheeggwasplacedinthenestandtheotherparentastheybothtookitinturnstoguardthenest.

However,BorisCulik,whomonitoredtheAdeliepenguins,believesthatNimon'sfindingsdonotinvalidatehisownresearch.Hepointsoutthatspeciesbehavedifferently一andNimon'sworkwaswithGentoopenguins.NimonandhercolleaguesbelievethatCulik'sresearchwasmethodologicallyflawedbecausethemonitoringofpenguins,responsesentailedcapturingandrestrainingthebirdsandfittingthemwithheart-ratetransmitters.Therefore,arguesNimon,itwouldnotbesurprisingiftheybecamestressedonseeingahumansubsequently.

1.PreviousresearchbyGermanscientistshasshownthat（）.

2.AnewfindinginrecentresearchbyBritishscientistsisthat（）.

3.Anartificialeggisusedinthenewresearchinorderto（）.

4.AccordingtoNimon,theconductorofthenewresearch,acomparisonoftheoldandthenewresearchrevealsthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichfactoristhemostimportantinfluenceforpenguins'sheartrates?

問題1選項

A.theheartrateofpenguinsinAntarcticaisincreasing

B.penguinsaredisturbedbythepresenceofahuman

C.thenumberofpenguinsinAntarcticaisdeclining

D.penguinsofdifferentspeciesbehavedifferently

問題2選項

A.penguinsneartouristsitesinAntarcticahavebeendisruptedbythetouristactivities

B.penguinparentsbothtaketurntoguardtheirnestandlookaftertheireggsorchicks

C.penguinsarenotthreatenedbyahumanwhoapproachesthenestslowlyanddistantly

D.penguinsabandonthenestleavingeggsorchicksunprotectedwheneverseeingahuman

問題3選項

A.observepenguins'heartrates

B.exchangeforarealpenguinegg

C.monitorthehatchofpenguineggs

D.measurepenguins,bodytemperature

問題4選項

A.thetworesearchesproducedcontradictorybutbothvalidfindingsfortheywerebasedondifferentspeciesofpenguin

B.thetworesearchesproducedcompatibleandcomplementaryfindingsfortheystudieddifferentspeciesofpenguin

C.theoldresearchwasunreliableforithadscaredpenguinsandchangedtheirlaterbehaviorbyfittingamonitoronthem

D.thenewresearchrevealspenguinsneedbetterprotectionfromtourists

問題5選項

A.Climatechange.

B.Touristactivities.

C.Scientificresearch.

D.Notfirmlyknownyet.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“German”定位到第一段首句“Previousresearch...notedthatthebirds'heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway.”他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，遠在30米之外的企鵝看到人類時，它們的心率會急劇上升。選項A符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。原文中并沒有出現(xiàn)British，但可以看到第一段的尾句中的Cambridge可定位答案?！?..aslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttooclosely,isnotperceivedasathreatbypenguins.”行動緩慢、不太靠近巢穴的人類不會被企鵝視為威脅。選項C符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“artificialegg”定位到第一段第二句“Butnewresearchusinganartificialegg,whichisequippedtomeasureheartrates,disputesthis.”由此可知，選項A符合原文。

4.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的第三句“Nimonandhercolleaguesbelieve...withheart-ratetransmitters.”Nimon和她的同事認為，Culik的研究在方法論上是有缺陷的，因為對企鵝的監(jiān)控和反應(yīng)需要捕捉和控制企鵝，并給它們安裝心率發(fā)射器。選項C符合原文。

5.細節(jié)推理題。文章對企鵝是否會因為游客而受到影響這個問題進行了討論。通讀全文可知文章并沒有得出什么具體的影響因素的結(jié)論。所以選項D正確。

14.單選題

I'msorry（

）solong,forgottotellyouinadvancewhereIhadputmykey.

問題1選項

A.tokeepyouwait

B.tokeepyouwaiting

C.tokeepyouwaited

D.tohavekeptyouwaiting

【答