西格瑪改善測(cè)量

西格瑪改善測(cè)量

SigmaKaizen

Measure

何謂精益西格瑪?

WhatisLeanSigma?改善突破的速度,時(shí)效為本的戰(zhàn)略

LeanSigmaisamethodologyalignedwithatime-basedstrategyatthespeedofKaizenBreakthrough

聚焦于縮短前置時(shí)間及減少變化

Focusedonlead-time&variabilityreduction

利用六西格瑪及精益生產(chǎn)原理

Utilizesbothsixsigmaandleanprinciples

推動(dòng)文化變革

Drivesculturalchange

減少不良產(chǎn)品,減少產(chǎn)品及流程變化

LeanSigmareducesdefectsandvariationinproductandprocesses

向3.4PPM不良品邁進(jìn)

Strivesfor3.4defectspermillion

以測(cè)量為基礎(chǔ)

Measurementfocused

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)和歷史數(shù)據(jù)

Liveanddeaddata

財(cái)務(wù)效益好,所化時(shí)間少BottomLineResultsinSubstantiallyLessTimeSigmaKaizen西格瑪改善精益西格瑪模型

LeanSigmaModelLeanKaizen6Sigma(3.4DPM)5Sigma(233DPM)4Sigma(6,210DPM)3Sigma(66,807DPM)1-2Sigma(308,537DPM)精益西格瑪設(shè)計(jì)

DesignforLeanSigma制程能力

ProcessCapability優(yōu)化制程

ProcessOptimization創(chuàng)建流線

CreateFlow消除浪費(fèi)

WasteElimination邏輯與直覺(jué)

Logic&Intuition找出不良品DeterminetheDefectY制定流程表現(xiàn)EstablishProcessPerformanceY評(píng)審測(cè)量系統(tǒng)EvaluateMeasurementSystemY評(píng)審標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化操作EvaluateStandardOperationsY識(shí)別根本原因IdentifyRootCausesX’s提出解決方案DevelopSolutionsX’s排列及實(shí)施解決方案Prioritize&ImplementSolutions主要的XVitalFewX’s測(cè)試解決方案,驗(yàn)證結(jié)果TestSolutions&VerifyResults主要的XVitalFewX’s完善標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化操作RefineStandardOperations主要的XVitalFewX’s驗(yàn)證測(cè)量系統(tǒng)ValidateMeasurementSystem主要的XVitalFewX’s實(shí)施控制系統(tǒng)及評(píng)審計(jì)劃ImplementControlSystem&AuditPlan主要的XVitalFewX’s確定制程能力DetermineProcessCapabilityY測(cè)量Measure分析Analyze改善Improve控制Control精益西格瑪項(xiàng)目階段

LeanSigmaProjectPhases項(xiàng)目實(shí)施ProjectImplementation西格瑪改善SM測(cè)量階段–5天改善SigmaKaizenSM

MeasurePhase–5dayKaizen第5天Day5第4天Day4第3天Day3第2天Day2第1天Day1精益西格瑪簡(jiǎn)介

LeanSigmaOverview

改善突破法

KaizenBreakthroughMethodology

精益西格瑪測(cè)量工具

LeanSigmaMeasureTools

識(shí)別缺陷、“Y”及項(xiàng)目范圍

Identifydefect,“Y”,&projectscope

詳細(xì)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)行走示意圖

EnhancedSpaghettiMap

質(zhì)量圖

QualityMap

驗(yàn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化操作

VerifyStandardOperations

比較分析

ComparativeAnalysis

收集歷史資料

CollectHistoricalData

傳授&行動(dòng)Teach&Do

傳授&行動(dòng)Teach&Do

培訓(xùn)&范圍Training&Scope

比較分析

ComparativeAnalysis

測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析

MeasurementSystemAnalysis

必要時(shí),改善測(cè)量系統(tǒng)

Improvemeasurementsystem,ifnecessary

確定制程能力

DetermineProcessCapability

收集現(xiàn)場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)

CollectLivedata

快速解決

Quickkills

比較分析

ComparativeAnalysis

基本質(zhì)量工具

BasicQualityTools

因果圖

Cause&EffectChart

必要時(shí),收集更多數(shù)據(jù)

GatherAdditionalDataifRequired

測(cè)量階段展示

PresentationofMeasurePhase

西格瑪改善實(shí)施SigmaKaizenImplementation傳授&行動(dòng)Teach&Do

項(xiàng)目實(shí)施ProjectImplementation精益西格瑪測(cè)量回顧

LeanSigmaMeasureReview

用另外收集的數(shù)據(jù)更新資料

UpdateInformationw/AdditionalDataCollection

精益西格瑪分析/改善工具

LeanSigmaAnalyze/ImproveTools

基本分析工具

BasicAnalyticalTools

假設(shè)性試驗(yàn)

HypothesisTesting

確定根本原因

IdentifyRootCause

觀察工場(chǎng)

ShopFloorObservations

培訓(xùn)&范圍Training&Scope

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估

RiskAssessment

實(shí)施改善

ImplementImprovements

防錯(cuò)

MistakeProofing

數(shù)據(jù)收集

CollectData

通過(guò)假設(shè)性試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證改善

VerifyImprovementsthroughHypothesisTesting

完善標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化操作

RefineStandardOperations

分析/改善階段展示

PresentationofAnalyze/ImprovePhase

西格瑪改善SM分析/改善階段–5天改善SigmaKaizenSM

Analyze/Improve–5dayKaizen西格瑪改善實(shí)施SigmaKaizenImplementation傳授&行動(dòng)Teach&Do

傳授&行動(dòng)Teach&Do

傳授&行動(dòng)Teach&Do

第5天Day5第4天Day4第3天Day3第2天Day2第1天Day1控制（30天跟催)

Control(30dayfollowup)

改善公報(bào)

Kaizennewspaper

鑒察使用統(tǒng)計(jì)制程控制

Monitorusingstatisticalprocesscontrol

鑒察堅(jiān)持標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化操作

Monitoradherencetostandardoperations

借力其它地區(qū)

Leveragetootherareas

精益西格瑪辯論

LeanSigmareportout

慶祝項(xiàng)目結(jié)束

Celebrate

項(xiàng)目實(shí)施ProjectImplementationPeaseShield定義PeaseShield產(chǎn)品為節(jié)省成本之產(chǎn)品

PositionPeaseshieldproductlinetocontributetobottomline不良品率降低50%50%reductioninqualitydefectsDavidBealArvinPleimaMattGoesling縮水線及模糊Shrinklines&fog預(yù)計(jì)Estimated實(shí)際Actual$1,050,000開(kāi)始Started完成Completed實(shí)施ImplementedJuly18,2000July21,2000July21,2000LeanSigmaCharter描述Description:業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)BusinessObjective:結(jié)果

Deliverable:項(xiàng)目Y/缺陷ProjectY/Defect:財(cái)務(wù)效果Financial:時(shí)間

Timing:發(fā)起人Sponsors:項(xiàng)目組長(zhǎng)ProjectLeader:指導(dǎo)Mentor:流程主人ProcessOwner:精益西格瑪團(tuán)隊(duì)LeanSigmaTeam核心團(tuán)隊(duì)Coreteam對(duì)流程有深刻認(rèn)識(shí)的人士,例如工人、品質(zhì)工程師、流程工程師、設(shè)計(jì)工程師等

Individualswhohaveindepthknowledgeoftheprocess,i.e..operators,qualityengineers,processengineers,designengineers

參加過(guò)所有改善活動(dòng)的人士

Teammembersparticipatethroughoutallthekaizenevents

其它人士Resources需要時(shí)才召集的人士

Individualswhoarerequiredonanasneededbasis

改善活動(dòng)期間或之后動(dòng)員起來(lái)的人士

Mobilizedduringkaizenand/orbetweenkaizenweeks

零件或流程照片PictureofPartorProcess三種圖3

TypesofMaps質(zhì)量圖QualityMap業(yè)務(wù)流程圖BusinessProcessFlow

Map制造Manufacturing業(yè)務(wù)/辦公室Business/Office

詳細(xì)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)行走示意圖EnhancedSpaghettiMap詳細(xì)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)行走示意圖EnhancedSpaghettiMap顯示物料流程

Showsmaterialflow

顯示工人流程

Showsoperatorflow

觀察實(shí)際布置,找出浪費(fèi)活動(dòng)

Aidsinidentifyingwastefulactivitiesbyviewingitfromthebasisofphysicallayout

顯示實(shí)際發(fā)生的事與想像會(huì)發(fā)生的事

Showswhatisactuallyhappeningversuswhatpeoplethinkhappens

每人都要熟悉流程

Familiarizeseveryonewiththeprocess

找出物料搬運(yùn)/儲(chǔ)存方面的變化

Identifiesvariationsinmaterialhandling/storage

步驟Step絲攻Tapper玻璃清洗

Glasswasher3． 包裹Wrapper4． 澆注Pourer5． 凝固Cure7． 脫模Demold8．檢驗(yàn)Inspect問(wèn)題Problems玻璃不干凈Glassnotclean工模不方,工模準(zhǔn)備Moldnotsquare,moldprep

鎖模位置,移開(kāi)模鎖,模鎖跌落Clamplocation,clampremoval,clampsfalloff凝固時(shí)間、溫度、濕度Celtime,temp.,humidity邊緣/表面干凈Edge/faceclean

澆注Pourer凝固臺(tái)CureTable檢驗(yàn)Inspector脫模DeMolder玻璃清洗GlassWasher黃色絲攻YellowTapper

模具加工MoldMaker包裹Wrapper樹(shù)脂防護(hù)罩Resin

Shield送生產(chǎn)部To

Production開(kāi)始Start結(jié)束EndLTW Revised:7/01 ?2001TBMConsultingGroup,Inc.AllRightsReserved.詳細(xì)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)行走示意圖EnhancedSpaghettiMap質(zhì)量圖QualityMap確定流程之所有步驟

Identifiesallthestepsintheprocess

清楚顯示每個(gè)步驟之所有規(guī)格

Clearlyshowsallspecificationsofeachstep

確定每個(gè)步驟所用之測(cè)量?jī)x器。用測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析來(lái)測(cè)試這些系統(tǒng)

Identifiesthemeasurementdevicesusedineachstep.Thesesystemswillbetestedusingameasurementsystemsanalysis.

流程控制的理解與實(shí)際變得顯然

Perceptionofthecontrolversustherealityofthecontrolbecomesapparent

全力以赴于一個(gè)變革步驟,找出已知問(wèn)題

Totalfocusononetransformationsteptoidentifyknownproblems

質(zhì)量圖產(chǎn)品流程日期流程步驟規(guī)格/質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)量控制方法模具/工夾具發(fā)現(xiàn)缺陷/已知問(wèn)題缺陷原因差距分析質(zhì)量圖QualityMap流程步驟規(guī)格/質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)量控制方法模具/工夾具發(fā)現(xiàn)缺陷/已知問(wèn)題缺陷原因差距分析后拉伸生產(chǎn)線3后拉伸生產(chǎn)線1輸送帶末端寬167mm拉伸機(jī)出口寬164mm收縮率一般8~11%,無(wú)規(guī)格;寬都變化+/-3%,有規(guī)格張力控制:7每1,200英尺測(cè)量一次10英寸針孔記號(hào)測(cè)量線性收縮;鋼尺測(cè)量產(chǎn)品寬都5分鐘后,10英寸樣板變成8.5”;寬度為170mm產(chǎn)品在直帶上往一個(gè)方向彎曲,在另一直帶上往相反方向彎曲產(chǎn)品應(yīng)力;方在聚脂薄膜上時(shí)會(huì)彎曲冷卻槽溫度差異;水沒(méi)有冷卻;沒(méi)有壓滾機(jī);張力為7正確嗎?產(chǎn)品在鼓輪上還在收縮;產(chǎn)品明顯彎曲,但無(wú)法測(cè)量輸送帶末端寬170mm拉伸機(jī)出口寬169mm收縮率一般2%,無(wú)規(guī)格;無(wú)規(guī)格每1,200英尺測(cè)量一次張力控制:7輸送帶在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)測(cè)量為10”10英寸針孔記號(hào)測(cè)量線性收縮;鋼尺測(cè)量產(chǎn)品寬都最后線性長(zhǎng)度收縮只有0.2”質(zhì)量圖QualityMap流程步驟工具加工前加工后管尾張開(kāi)表示工具完全插入;滿足回程彎曲插入之設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖紙上的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)格張開(kāi)工具長(zhǎng)度不等,張開(kāi)不對(duì)稱工人變化性張開(kāi)大小無(wú)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù);沒(méi)有最打最小管長(zhǎng)小于張開(kāi)尺寸;可用紅色工具定義長(zhǎng)度規(guī)格/質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)量控制方法模具/工夾具發(fā)現(xiàn)缺陷/已知問(wèn)題缺陷原因差距分析柏拉圖Pareto比較原因出現(xiàn)頻率,按照遞降順序排列

Compareshowfrequentlydifferentcausesoccurandputsthemindecreasingorderofoccurrence

過(guò)濾資料,重點(diǎn)改善

Usedtofilterdatatofocusimprovementefforts

柏拉圖原理ParetoPrinciple:20%的原因造成80%的問(wèn)題20%ofthecausesaccountfor80%oftheproblem數(shù)量柏拉圖標(biāo)簽_1喉管泄漏接線錯(cuò)誤臟污其它零件損壞擦傷樹(shù)脂防護(hù)罩歷史資料

HistoricalDatacollectedonResinShield數(shù)量柏拉圖缺陷數(shù)量缺陷柏拉圖收縮模糊氣泡比例累計(jì)%何謂測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析?

WhatisMeasurementSystemAnalysis“MSA”?識(shí)別測(cè)量系統(tǒng)變量,量化如何影響流程

Itidentifiesandquantifieshowmuchoftheoverallprocessvariabilityisduetothemeasurementsystem

測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)是測(cè)量過(guò)程的輸出,可能發(fā)生變化

Measurementsareoutputsofameasurementprocess,whicharesubjecttovariation.

離散型

/特征型數(shù)據(jù)

Discrete/AttributeData

專家重評(píng)

ExpertReevaluation

鑒定人同意

AppraiserAgreement連續(xù)性數(shù)據(jù)

ContinuousData儀器重復(fù)性及再現(xiàn)性

GageR&R

立即評(píng)估測(cè)量變異,確定如何影響流程Measurementvariationmustbeassessedimmediatelytodetermineimpactonprocess連續(xù)性數(shù)據(jù)ContinuousData規(guī)格下限LSL規(guī)格上限USL流程變異ProcessVariation流程變異ProcessVariationX1X2X3…Xn測(cè)量過(guò)程變異MeasurementProcessVariation儀表變異Gage

Variation鑒定人變異Appraiser

VariationX1X2X3…Xn重復(fù)性Repeatability校對(duì)Calibration穩(wěn)定性Stability線性度Linearity靈敏度Discrimination再現(xiàn)性Reproducibility鑒定人AAppraiser

A鑒定人CAppraiser

C鑒定人BAppraiser

B由不同鑒定人使用同一測(cè)量系統(tǒng)對(duì)同一項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行測(cè)量之平均測(cè)量值差異 Variationintheaverageofthemeasurementsmadebydifferentappraisersusingthesamemeasuringsystemwhenmeasuringtheidenticalcharacteristiconthesameitem測(cè)量系統(tǒng)導(dǎo)致的差異Variationduetothemeasuringsystem

重復(fù)性Repeatability由同一鑒定人使用同一測(cè)量裝置對(duì)同一項(xiàng)目之同一特性進(jìn)行多次測(cè)量之測(cè)量值差異Thevariationinmeasurementsobtainedwithonemeasurement

devicewhenusedseveraltimesbyanappraiserwhilemeasuringthesamecharacteristiconthesameitem第1次測(cè)量Measurement

1第3次測(cè)量Measurement

3第2次測(cè)量Measurement

2測(cè)量設(shè)備導(dǎo)致的差異Variationduetothemeasuringdevice儀器重復(fù)性及再現(xiàn)性GageR&R規(guī)格Spec規(guī)格上限USL規(guī)格下限LSL差異Variability一般經(jīng)驗(yàn)RuleofThumb:<15%,可以接受 Under15% Acceptable15~30%,有疑問(wèn) 15–30% Questionable>30%,不接受,必須改善 Over30% Reject–ImprovementMandatory貴司的原則是什么??)Whatareyourcompany’sguidelines??(GRR%)儀器差異X100總差異數(shù)據(jù)世界DataWorlds不良品: 不能滿足客戶要求的產(chǎn)品 Defective: Theuniteithermeetsordoesnot meetcustomerrequirements不良次數(shù) 一個(gè)產(chǎn)品不能滿足客戶要求的次數(shù) Defect: Thenumberoftimesaunitfailsto meetrequirements連續(xù)性 能夠呈現(xiàn)任何數(shù)值的可測(cè)量特性 Continuous: Ameasurablecharacteristicthat cantakeonanyvalue數(shù)據(jù)世界決定所用的分析工具TheDataWorlddictateswhatanalyticaltoolstouse制程能力ProcessCapability將制程能力、平均偏差及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差與Relateprocesscapability,meanandstandarddeviation…

制程能力ProcessCapabilityZ值ZValue規(guī)格極限相聯(lián)系,用一個(gè)Z值即西格瑪值來(lái)表示…tospecificationlimitsandexpressthemasasingleZvaluea.k.a.SigmalevelZ值ZValue溫度制程能力ProcessCapabilityforTemperature制程能力ProcessCapability流程數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)格下限規(guī)格上限(長(zhǎng)期能力)潛在/短期能力短期能力長(zhǎng)期能力觀測(cè)到的性能期望的短期性能期望的長(zhǎng)期性能制程能力ProcessCapability不良次數(shù)概率“p(d)”:ProbabilityofaDefect“p(d)”:不良產(chǎn)品次數(shù)與總產(chǎn)品數(shù)之比;即在一次運(yùn)作里可能發(fā)現(xiàn)不良品次數(shù)之百分比。Theratioofthenumberofbadunitstothetotalunits;itisthepercentageofdefectiveunitsyouwouldexpecttofindwithinarun.

不良產(chǎn)品次數(shù)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)總數(shù)制程能力ProcessCapability好零件Good不良品Bad

產(chǎn)品一次通過(guò)率“FTY”:產(chǎn)品不出現(xiàn)缺陷而通過(guò)一次運(yùn)作之比例

FirstTimeYield“FTY”:thepercentageofunitsthatpassthroughan

operationwithoutanydefects

例如:一天內(nèi)測(cè)試了1,056個(gè)洗碗機(jī)Example: 1056dishwashersweretestedinoneday924個(gè)通過(guò),132個(gè)由于各種原因不通過(guò)924passedand132failedforvariousreasons

不通過(guò)產(chǎn)品數(shù)量+通過(guò)產(chǎn)品數(shù)量=產(chǎn)品總數(shù)#ofbadunits+#ofgoodunits=TotalNo.ofunits

不通過(guò)的產(chǎn)品數(shù)可以表達(dá)為不良品概率p(d):#ofbadunitscanbeexpressedasaprobablyofadefective,p(d):

制程能力ProcessCapability每個(gè)產(chǎn)品不良次數(shù)“DPU”:

總不良次數(shù)與總產(chǎn)品數(shù)之比,即每個(gè)產(chǎn)品可能發(fā)生不良之次數(shù)。DefectsPerUnit“Dpu”:Theratiooftotaldefectstototalunits,defectsperunit,istheaveragenumberofdefectsyouwouldexpecttofindoneachunit.

每個(gè)產(chǎn)品不良次數(shù)用DPU表示,公式如下:Defectsperunitisdenotedbydpuandtheformulaisdefinedas:

XXokok總不良次數(shù)產(chǎn)品總數(shù)根本原因RootCause(s)質(zhì)量工具/假設(shè)性試驗(yàn)QualityToolsHypothesisTesting比較分析ComparativeAnalysis(在魚骨圖上圈出最可能原因)(circlethemostlikely

onthefishbone)因果法Cause&Effect柏拉圖Pareto質(zhì)量圖Quality

Map質(zhì)量系統(tǒng)分析MSA現(xiàn)場(chǎng)行走示意圖Spaghetti

Map標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化運(yùn)作Standard

Ops商業(yè)流程圖BusinessProcessFlowMap根本原因流程RootCauseProcess用數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)證實(shí)這些可以解決的根本原因Validatesthemanageablefew“root”causeswithdata過(guò)濾所有可能原因,找出可以解決的原因Filtersall

possiblecauses

toamanageablefew識(shí)別各種事件及可能原因Identifiesnumerousissuesandpossible

causes在魚骨圖上寫出所有可能原因Allpossiblecausesputonfishbone集思廣益與因果法BrainstormingandCause&Effect目的Purpose:針對(duì)特定事件,快速收集數(shù)據(jù)

Togathermanyideasquicklyforagivenissue

利用比較分析,找出潛在差異

Tousewiththecomparativeanalysisforpotentialdifferences

原則Rules:所有組員,了解問(wèn)題

Everyoneintheteamneedstounderstandtheissueforbrainstorming不下結(jié)論,不作討論,只可澄清

Nojudgingordiscussion;onlyclarification

在便條上或活頁(yè)紙上,列出建議

ListideasonPostItTMnotesorflipchartastheyaregiven

利用因果法,拓寬集思廣益思路UseCause&Effecttooltobroadenbrainstormingexploration因果法類別Cause&EffectCategories測(cè)量Measurements測(cè)量設(shè)備Measurementdevises數(shù)據(jù)捕獲系統(tǒng)Dataacquisitionsystems校對(duì)Calibration靈敏度Discrimination物料Materials原料Rawmaterials零部件Parts/components人力Manpower培訓(xùn)Training人事問(wèn)題Personnelissues機(jī)器Machines設(shè)備Equipment保養(yǎng)Maintenance整體設(shè)備效率OEE方法Methods標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化操作Standardoperations非增值活動(dòng)Nonvalueaddedactivities計(jì)劃Scheduling

環(huán)境Environment溫度Temperature濕度Humidity建筑物Buildings空間Space制造–五個(gè)M一個(gè)EManufacturing(5M’s&E)因果圖CauseandEffectDiagram縮水線ShrinkLines(威爾伯)(Wilbur)機(jī)器

Machine環(huán)境Environment材料Material人力ManPower方法

Method鎖模位置ClampLocation脫模前太快Toosoonbeforedemold開(kāi)鎖ClampRemoval模鎖跌落ClampFallingOff模具準(zhǔn)備MoldPrep經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足Experience脫模步驟DemoldSteps模具不方正MoldNotSquare凝膠時(shí)間過(guò)快GelTimeFast樹(shù)脂模ResinPat邊緣/表面清潔Edge/FaceClean新員工NewEmployees濕度Humidity溫度Temperature臟污Contamination何謂比較分析?WhatisaComparativeAnalysis?著重尋找數(shù)據(jù)

Amethodoffocusingthesearchfordata

系統(tǒng)化找出正、負(fù)偏差原因

AsystematicprocessforfindingthecauseofaNegativeorPositivedeviation

團(tuán)隊(duì)分析問(wèn)題

Ateambasedproblemanalysistool

DecorativelitesShrinklinesDemold,Swiggle,Conveyor,Consumer,Retail,Distributor,BettyNexttoedgeorcamingline1994Randomly:GreaterMonday,TuesdaythanWednesday,ThursdayWithinfirstweekafterlaunchAbout5%1–20.1to24"longhair?to2"wideApprox.7.5%ofproductionJanuarythrumid-April,then5%mid-Aprilthroughmid-JulyClearlaminates,123’sShortShot,Swirly,BadMix,DelaminationUnitlineOncamingline,withouttouchingandedgeorcamingedgeDuringprototyping@Supplier,Onnewmolds(Allp/ns)Withinfirstfewcycles5%,increasingnordecreasingSomanythatyoucannotseethroughglass<.1nor>24”Increasingordecreasingwithinthetimebuckets接觸空氣,不夠樹(shù)脂,樹(shù)脂,比例,模鎖,凝膠時(shí)間,固化時(shí)間,模具烘焙頻率,剛性與柔性,澆注時(shí)堵塞;表面條件,混合條件,加料條件Exposuretoair,lessresin,resin,ratio,nomoldforlams,clamps,geltime,curetime,rigidvs.pliable,tapedborders,sealedatpour;Treatedasgold,verylowdemand,frequencyofmoldbaking;Surfacevs.Mixorfillcondition教育

Education接觸空氣,烘焙部當(dāng),粘合力差,臟污,充料不勻,邊緣而非中間黑污Aircontact,improperlycured,poorcohesion,contamination,unevensaturation,blotonedgenotincenter.人,凝膠時(shí)間People,

curetime工模設(shè)計(jì),苯乙烯堆積

Molddesign,styrenebuild-up周末模具沒(méi)有通風(fēng)

Moldsetsoverweekendwithoutventilation模具內(nèi)苯乙烯堆積Styrenebuild-upon