以前文件-第一部分應用文寫作

2005年，經(jīng)過修訂的《入學考試（英語）考試大綱》規(guī)定，寫作A、BA部分是新增的應用文寫作，從而使得作文的分值由原報告等?？忌诖痤}卡2上作答?？偡?0分。從這一新變化中可以看出，大綱對于考生掌握和運用語言的能力提出了更高的要求，尤其是對于考生在實際生活和場景中對于語言的運用能力。從字數(shù)上看來，A部分難度并不大，耗時大約15-20分鐘，共寫作100字左右。文章長度如不符合要求將酌情扣分。同時，考生應該尤其注意，不同的應用文體有著不同的格式及語域要求，關于這一點在下面確以及語域是否恰當1。對于語法結構和詞匯多樣性的要求將根據(jù)具體試題調(diào)整。允許在作文中使用提示語中出現(xiàn)過的，但是使用提示語中出現(xiàn)過的詞組或句子將被扣分。分數(shù)評分標9-107-85-63-41-2未使用任何銜接，內(nèi)容不連貫，缺少組織、分段；0二、命題15分鐘的時間內(nèi)Directions:YouarepreparingforanEnglishtestandareinneedofsomereferencebooks.Writealettertothesalesdepartmentofabookstoretoaskfor:detailedinformationaboutthebooksyoumethodsoftimeandwayofYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.preparingforanEnglishtest,inneedofsomereferencebooks,alettertothesalesdepartmentofabookstore,detailedinformation,payment,delivery等。參考書的質(zhì)量和內(nèi)容有什么要求，付款方式是現(xiàn)金還是，運送方式是EMS、郵局還是其他等等。在這些方面考生可以發(fā)揮，但是注意要符合的生活和日常規(guī)律。三、題型書義。大學生無論在何時何地，都需要因為而給相關寫信，來表達自己的、人和朋友之間進行日常事務交流的信件。私人信件用詞可以比較隨意，但是語氣要真摯。感謝信、申請信、信、詢問信、邀請信和祝賀信等。書信的寫作格4-8個字符，且所有段落的縮進距離必須保持一致；稱呼頂格寫，縮進式DearDearIwonderifyoucanlendmeyourMLAHandbookforAcademicWriting.Iamintheprocessofwritingmygraduationthesis,andneedtoconsultthebooknowandthenforformatting.ThusImightneedtokeepthebookforaboutamonthandahalf,andIhopethatformatting.ThusImightneedtokeepthebookforaboutamonthandahalf,andIhopethatwouldnotbringanyinconveniencetoyou.IassureyouthatIwillmaintainthebookingoodIfpossible,pleasegivemeacallandIwillcomebyyourhousetopickupthebook.ThanksDearIwonderifyoucanlendmeyourMLAHandbookforAcademicWritingDearIwonderifyoucanlendmeyourMLAHandbookforAcademicWriting.Iamintheprocessofwritingmygraduationthesis,andneedtoconsultthebooknowandthenforstandardformatting.ThusImightneedtokeepthebookforaboutamonthandahalf,andIhopethatwouldnotbringanyinconveniencetoyou.IassureyouthatIwillmaintainthebookingoodcondition.Ifpossible,pleasegivemeacallandIwillcomebyyourhousetopickupthebook.Thanksalot.書信的結構內(nèi)地址（insideaddress，指收信人地址、稱呼（salutation、正文（body、結束語Beijing,100971,Mar.12,SanFranciscoCalifornia93011DearProf.IamverygladtohearBeijing,100971,Mar.12,SanFranciscoCalifornia93011DearProf.Iamverygladtohearfrom P.S.:稱呼宜用“Ms：Mrs.,Ms.,、、議員或其他：Hon.(Honorable，即“尊敬的不知對方：DearSir/Sirs,DearMadam/Madams,DearSirorMadam,ToWhomItMay正文IamlookingforwardtoyourPleasepassmybestwishestoallyour結束語在私人信件中，一般可以用“Bestwishes,Bestregards,Best,Regards,WarmestRegards,可以用“Yoursaffectionay,Affectionay,Love,Lovingly,Cheers,Yourdevotedfriend,Yourlovingson(daughter,nephew,niece,grandson,granddaughter,father,mother,husband,wife,etc.)形式：Trulyyours,Sincerelyyours,Faithfullyyours,etc.好，但是對于應試來說，考生掌握一個“Yourssincerely”就可以以不變應萬變，因為這個簽名關于簽名的就是，考試中不允許考生留下自己的名字，只能用“LiMing”這個備忘To:收文人From:人Date:日期Message:正文，直入，列出最重要的信息或結論便份的縮寫如下：Jan.,Feb.,Mar.,Apr.,May,June,July,Aug.,Sept.,Oct.,Nov.,Dec.Mar.Mar.20,2007第二部分：短文寫第一節(jié)、短文寫作一、大綱《入學考試（英語）考試大綱》對于B節(jié)短文寫作的規(guī)定如下：縱觀的考研作文短文要求的發(fā)展，發(fā)現(xiàn)了對作文的重視程度與日俱增。1997年開始從原來的話題作文轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閳D畫作文和圖表作文，對考生的分析能力提出了更高的要求。200115016205分數(shù)評分標17-2013-169-125-81-40兼用長短句型、合理分布，使文章更加錯落，也符合英文行文。二、命題BusinessPromise&WorldCommercialCulture:NationalandNeverStopMakingA“Football”IdolSelf-入學考試是性的考試，作文話題必須顧及到所有的考生，使大部分考生都有話可2、考研短文的體裁一般以說明文、議或者說明議論結合的文體為主。這主要是因明文和議文體才能適應實際的需要。1997年以前的話題作文和現(xiàn)在的圖畫作文之間的一種過渡緩沖的形式，相比較話也減小了考生能夠的概率。規(guī)定考生寫三段內(nèi)容。第一段描寫圖表/圖畫內(nèi)容，英語記敘能力；第二段說明圖示問該把精力放在第二段的問題描述和引申上，傾全力寫出的論述。1997InterpretthefollowingPredictthetendencyoftobaccoconsumptionandgiveyour1998WriteoutthemessageconveyedbytheGiveyour1999Effectofthecountry’sgrowinghumanpopulationonitsPossiblereasonfortheYoursuggestionforwildlife2000DescribetheDeducethepurposeoftheartistoftheSuggestcounter-20011showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicture2giveaspecificexample,3giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoshow20021describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning,2giveyourcommentonthe20031describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,2pointoutitsimplicationsinour2004describetheinterpretitsmeaning,supportyourviewwith2005describethetheninterpretitsandgiveyourcommenton2006describethephotointerpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythem,giveyourpointsof2007describethedrawingexplainitsintendedmeaning,andsupportyourviewwithan綱依然是形式，即：三、分析（具體請見“經(jīng)典短文背誦”部分BusinessPromise&WorldCommercialCulture:NationalandNeverStopMakingA“Football”IdolSelf-四、對策考官閱卷規(guī)8在平時試著拿一些優(yōu)秀的考研作文，以較為悠閑的心態(tài)來閱讀，大部分人在讀完10篇以上大的情況下每天讀幾百篇水平各異的中式英語文章的痛苦。另外，還可以設想花一天的卷考官通常是在閱讀完第一段之后就開始將文章的分數(shù)檔歸類。因此如果第一段寫得在小一位著名的語言學家Kaplan曾經(jīng)在20世紀70年代作過一項關于在的本土學（linear（spiral一、圖畫+提綱作2005年的圖畫中，如果仔細觀察可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，是大兒子把父親踢了出來，而其他首先，在上文的分析中，考研作文的判卷過程中，考官更加注重文章的整體架構和平時的練習中，考生最好也能夠養(yǎng)成列提綱的好，這種宏觀把握文章的能力不僅對于考：但切忌生硬地翻譯中文，如1998年作文中的那首打油詩就沒有必要翻譯出來。 的。同時，全文的段與段之間、句與句之間做好銜接和過渡的工作。在完成寫作以后，正如在應用文部分要求一樣，考生仍然要用至少1分鐘的二、圖表+提綱作graph（table圖表中有哪些重要數(shù)據(jù)（可以用鉛筆在圖中圈出1、不同的圖表本身就暗示了考生應該關注的分析點。如柱狀圖和曲線圖重點在于寫作詞helpout—>assist;setupto—>establish;goup—cutdown—>reduce;findout—>determine;lookinto—>investigate;bringup—>raise;comeupwith—>create;goupanddown—>fluctuategood—>considerable;get—>obtain;alotof—>numerous;thingsthatwillhappen—語1don’t,can’t,won’tdonotcannotwillnot2not…anyno,not…muchlittle,notmany例如：HedidnotsayanyHesaidnoTherearenotmanychancesavailable.Therearefewchancesavailable.例如：ActivitiesincludedancingsingingActivitiesincludedancing,singing,andotherfun例如：Consequentlywemayarriveattheconclusionthat…Wemayconsequentlyarriveattheconclusion標,““.書名、文章名等物名稱用下劃線或者斜體字表示（手寫時用下劃線常用程度和語句副常用的程度副詞包括：absoluy,almost,awfully,compley,considerably,deeply,entirely,exactly,extremely,fairly,greatly,hardly,immensely,increasingly,moreandmore,much,nearly,partly,perfectly,profoundly,quite,rather,scarcely,slightly,somehow,somewhat,thoroughly,tosomeextent,utterly,very.常用語句副詞包括：actually,admittedly,certainly,clearly,definiy,evidently,fortunay,frankly,honestlyluckily,moreimportantlynaturallysurprisinglyobviously,perhaps,preferably,probably,possibly,strangely,superficially,surely,technically,theoretically,undeniably,unexpectedly,unfortunay.常用邏輯連因果關系：…andso…;anotherimportantfactor/reason…;asaconsequence;asaresult;as;because;becauseof;beingthat;consequently;dueto;forthereasonthat;forthesamereason;for;hence;forthisreason;inconsequence;inthat…;inviewof;owingto;since;sosothat…;thereasonseemsobvious;thereareabout…;therefore;thus;obviously;evidently并列關系：and;also;aswellas;both…and…;either…or…;neither…nor…;notonly…butalso…;inthesameway;too序列關系:…,second…,third…,andsoforth;A…,B…,C…,andsoforth;next;then;followingthis;atthesametime;now;atthispoint;after;afterwards;subsequently;finally;previously;beforethis;simultaneously;concurrently;thus;therefore;hence;next;andthen;soon遞進關系：accordingly;asapopularsayinggoes…;asfaras…isconcerned;atthesametime;besides;even;further;furthermore;inaddition;inorderto…;inotherwords;intheplace…,inthesecondplace…;inthisway;meanwhile;moreover;notonly…,butalso…;not…but…;lastly;foronething…,foranother…時空關系：afterwards;assoonas;atleast;before;eventually;every;;ofall;andforemost;forastart;meanwhile;intheme;while;now;next;not…until;later;formerly;previously;priorto;sincethen;since;subsequently;till;tobeginwith;tostartwith;when;then轉(zhuǎn)折關系：yet;but;unless;despitethat;inspiteof;though;although;althoughthismaybetrue;evenso;eventhough;however;sometimes;onceinawhile;independentof;recklessof;regardless條件關系：aslongas;evenif;eventhough;ifitnecessary;ifnotall;ifpossible;ifso;if;lest;once;providedthat;unless重復關系：inbrief;asIhavesaid;asIhavenoted;ashasbeennoted;asismentioned比較關系：apartfrom;bythesametoken;comparedwith;incomparisonwith;inthesamevein;like;likewise;ratherthan;similarly;similarlyimportant;equally;whencomparedwith;whenin舉例關系：agoodexamplewouldbe;forexample;forinstance;inthiscase;inanothercase;onthisoccasion;inthissituation;takethecaseof;todemonstrate;toillustrate;accordingto;asanillustrationasfor;asregards;asto;inparticular;including;namely;notably;suchas;like;take…asanexample;youmaysay對比關系：afterall;asopposedto;balancedagainst;upagainst;visavis;where;conversely;ontheonehand…ontheotherhand…;contraryto;converselyunlike;differentfromthis;however;incontrast;nevertheless;onthecontrary;opposeto;whereas;while強調(diào)關系：definiy;extremely;obviously;absoluy;positively;naturally;surprisingly;always;forever;perennially;eternally;emphatically;never;unquestionably;withoutadoubt;certainly;surely;undeniably;withoutreservation;believeitornot;especially;particularly;inparticular;specifically;infact;asamatteroffact;actually;indeed;moreover;nottomention…;whatismoreimportant;notably;thatis;總結關系：accordingly;altogether;asaresult;consequently;hence;inoneword;inbrief;inshort;inotherwords;insummary;onthewhole;inconclusion;overall;theconclusioncanbesafelydrawnthat…;therefore;toconclude;tosumup;summingup;asIhaveshown;asIhavesaid;hence;allinall義詞和近義詞。這里向大家一個，www. ,這個可以幫助大家查例如，可以查到“show”的同義詞有appear,ar