(5年高考3年模擬A版)天津市2020年高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)專題八謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件

1、(5年高考3年模擬A版)天津市2020年高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)專題八謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件(5年高考3年模擬A版)天津市2020年高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)專題八考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致一、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)(一)一般體一般體中的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)分別表示現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài);過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。所謂一般體,表示既不“進(jìn)行”,又沒(méi)“完成”。When I was a boy,I often went to play in that park.我小時(shí)候常去那個(gè)公園玩。(過(guò)去的習(xí)慣)考點(diǎn)清單考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)

2、詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致考點(diǎn)清單1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用動(dòng)詞的原形表示,如果主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s或-es,其變化規(guī)則如下表所示:2)be的變化:am,is,are。3)have的變化:has,have。(2)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況 加-seateats,riserises以s,sh,ch,x,o,z結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-esdiscussdiscusses teachteaches以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為iescarrycarries flyflies1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2)be的變化:am,is,are。情況規(guī)則例用法例句表示現(xiàn)在

3、的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)We have meals three times a day.我們一日吃三餐。(現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣)He is always ready to help others.他總是樂(lè)于助人。(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)及自然現(xiàn)象。此用法即使出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境中,也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)The sun rises in the east.太陽(yáng)從東方升起。He said that hydrogen is a light gas.他說(shuō)氫是很輕的氣體。用于以here,there開(kāi)頭的倒裝句中,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)There goes the bell.鈴響了。Here

4、 comes the bus.公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成用法例句表示現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)We have m情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況 加-edpackpacked以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞 變y為-ied carrycarried以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞雙寫(xiě)輔音字母加-edplanplanned以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加-dlikelikedprovideprovided1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示,其規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化方法如下表所示:情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況 加-edpackpacked以輔音字2)was用于第一、三人稱單數(shù),were用于其他人稱。3)注意以元

5、音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,直接加-ed。如playplayed。(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法用法例句表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的一次性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)We often played basketball together.我們(過(guò)去)經(jīng)常在一起打籃球。(過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作)I got to know her in 1998.我1998年結(jié)識(shí)了她。(過(guò)去的一次性動(dòng)作)I didnt know her at that time.那時(shí)我不認(rèn)識(shí)她。(過(guò)去的狀態(tài))want,hope, think,intend等動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)往往表示“過(guò)去原”之意I thought he was an honest man.我原以為他是個(gè)老實(shí)

6、人。He didnt intend to hurt you.他沒(méi)打算傷害你。wonder的一般過(guò)去時(shí)有時(shí)也可表示現(xiàn)在的行為,但口氣要比用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)更加委婉、客氣I wondered if you could do me a favour.我不知道你能否幫我一個(gè)忙。“used to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再發(fā)生了We used to spend our vacation in the mountains.我們以前常常在山里度假。(暗示現(xiàn)在不再在山里度假了)2)was用于第一、三人稱單數(shù),were用于其他人稱。用法例3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)(1)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成1)will/shall+

7、動(dòng)詞原形2)is/am/are going to+動(dòng)詞原形3)is/am/are about to+動(dòng)詞原形4)is/am/are to+動(dòng)詞原形5)is/am/are due to+動(dòng)詞原形6)某些動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)用法例句表示將來(lái)的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Spring will come again.春天還會(huì)再來(lái)。He will be here in an hour.他一個(gè)小時(shí)后到這里。表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作If you dont hurry, you will miss the train.如果你不快點(diǎn)兒,你就會(huì)趕不上火車(chē)。will表示事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢(shì)Fis

8、h will die without water.離開(kāi)水,魚(yú)就會(huì)死。表示偶然的、臨時(shí)的決定Do you know Mr.Smith has come to our town?No.I will go and visit him right now.你知道史密斯先生來(lái)我們鎮(zhèn)了嗎?不知道。我現(xiàn)在就去看他。Be going to用在口語(yǔ)中,表示“計(jì)劃、打算要做某事”,此外,be going to還可表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象對(duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行推斷He is going to speak on TV this evening.他今晚要在電視上講話。Look at the dark clouds.It is going

9、 to rain.看這些烏云,要下雨了。(2)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法用法例句表示將來(lái)的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Spring will cbe about to/be on the point of+動(dòng)名詞表示“立即的將來(lái)(immediate future)”,這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示將來(lái)的具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但可以和并列連詞when(=and at this/that time)引出的分句連用The train is about to start.火車(chē)就要開(kāi)了。be to表示“按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事”When are you to leave for home?你什么時(shí)候回家?表示要求做某事,意為“應(yīng)該”,相當(dāng)于sh

10、ould,ought toYou are to report it to the police.你應(yīng)該報(bào)警。表示“想,打算”,相當(dāng)于intend,wantIf we are to be there before ten,well have to go now.如果我們要在10點(diǎn)前到那兒,我們現(xiàn)在就得走。Be due to定于They are due to meet again tomorrow.他們定于明天再次見(jiàn)面。有些動(dòng)詞如come,go,arrive, leave,begin,start等,其現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、安排近期將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Im leaving for Beijing next

11、 month.下個(gè)月我要去北京。某些動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要做的事情,這種用法常常用于介紹火車(chē)時(shí)刻表、飛機(jī)時(shí)刻表、電影開(kāi)演時(shí)刻表、作息安排等We must hurry up.The first class begins at 8 oclock.我們必須快點(diǎn)兒。第一節(jié)課將在8點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。be about to/be on the表示“立即的將來(lái)(4.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(1)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成1)should/would+動(dòng)詞原形2)was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形3)was/were about to+動(dòng)詞原形4)was/were to+動(dòng)詞原形5)某些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)形式4.過(guò)去

12、將來(lái)時(shí)用法例句從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事情He said he would be here at eight oclock.他說(shuō)他將在8點(diǎn)到這里。I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.我剛要睡覺(jué)正在那時(shí)有人敲門(mén)。I thought it was going to rain.我當(dāng)時(shí)覺(jué)得要下雨。He told me he was leaving in an hour.他告訴我他計(jì)劃一個(gè)小時(shí)后離開(kāi)。was/were going to過(guò)去本打算做某事,但未做I was going to go to the party,

13、 but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.我本打算要參加聚會(huì),但是我突然記起來(lái)我有作業(yè)要做。Was/were to have+過(guò)去分詞We were to have told you,but you were not in.我們本來(lái)想告訴你的,但是你不在家。(2)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法用法例句從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事情He said he was/were to+動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去曾計(jì)劃要做某事,但不表明計(jì)劃是否被執(zhí)行I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time

14、.我感到緊張,因?yàn)槲液芸炀鸵状坞x開(kāi)家了。表示命中注定要發(fā)生的事They said goodbye,little knowing that they were never to meet again.他們告了別,一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)想到以后再也不會(huì)見(jiàn)面了。續(xù)表was/were to+動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去曾計(jì)劃要做某事,但不表明題組訓(xùn)練單句填空Theylive(live)in the same building, dont they?I promise Iwill support(support)you all the time.The planetakes(take)off at 8:00 a.m.I hoped

15、 Iwould find(find)a job soon.(二)進(jìn)行體1.進(jìn)行體的構(gòu)成(1)考綱對(duì)進(jìn)行體所要求掌握的時(shí)態(tài)包括:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí),它們的形式分別為:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞題組訓(xùn)練單句填空將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):will/shall+be+現(xiàn)在分詞(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成形式:情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況 加-ingtrytrying以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞雙寫(xiě)輔音字母加-ingregretregrettingbanbanning以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去掉e,加-ing hatehatingdatedating將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):

16、will/shall+be+現(xiàn)在分詞情況規(guī)則例詞用法例句表示某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),具有暫時(shí)性和未完成性的特點(diǎn)I didnt really work there;I was just helping out until the new secretary arrived.我并不在那里上班,我只是去幫忙。新秘書(shū)來(lái)了,我就離開(kāi)了。(暫時(shí)性)表示某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事情,常與these/those days,this/that week等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用We are making model planes these days. 這些天我們?cè)谧鲲w機(jī)模型。(此時(shí)此刻不一定在做)表示贊賞

17、、厭惡、遺憾等情緒,常與always, continually,constantly,forever,all the time等連用He is always thinking of others first.他總是先想到他人。有些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行體可以表示將來(lái)(見(jiàn)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法)2.進(jìn)行體的用法用法例句表示某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),具有暫時(shí)性和3.有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)) 不用于進(jìn)行體,常見(jiàn)的有:題組訓(xùn)練單句填空Sorry, you cant use my computer. Iam using(use)it now.Iwas watching(watch)TV when you rang me

18、 up.At this time tomorrow, Iwill be sitting(sit)at the table.分類(lèi)示例感覺(jué)類(lèi)look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear情感類(lèi)like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear,adore心態(tài)類(lèi)wish,hope,want,need,believe, understand, remember,forget,agree,know狀態(tài)類(lèi)appear,lie(位于),remain,belong to,have3.有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)) 不用于進(jìn)行體,常見(jiàn)的有:題組訓(xùn)練單句時(shí)態(tài)形式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/ha

19、s+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+過(guò)去分詞將來(lái)完成時(shí)will have+過(guò)去分詞(三)完成體1.完成體的構(gòu)成溫馨提示(1)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成方法同過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成方法,詳見(jiàn)一般過(guò)去時(shí)部分“規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化方法”。(2)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成詳見(jiàn)“附錄二”(不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表)部分。時(shí)態(tài)形式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)had2.完成體的用法(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法例句表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(甚至到將來(lái))。常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:lately,recently, in the last(past)few days/years,since then,up to now,so far(

20、至今)等In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.在過(guò)去的幾年里,我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。He has written 8 books so far.到現(xiàn)在為止,他已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了8本書(shū)了。表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。說(shuō)話者中心在現(xiàn)在,常用的狀語(yǔ)有:already,ever,just(剛剛),yet,before等He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.)他已經(jīng)關(guān)掉燈了。The concert has already started.(=

21、The concert is on now.)音樂(lè)會(huì)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。在“最高級(jí)+名詞”或“It/This is+the+序數(shù)詞+time”之后的定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This is the first time(that)I have come here.這是我第一次來(lái)這里。This is the best tea(that)I have ever drunk.這是我喝過(guò)的最好的茶了。have gone to意為“去某地了”,表示此人現(xiàn)在還在那里He has gone to the zoo.他去動(dòng)物園了。He has gone to live abroad.他到國(guó)外居住了。have be

22、en to意為“去過(guò)某地”,表示此人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了Have you ever been to Shanghai?你去過(guò)上海嗎?He has been to see his teacher.他去看他老師了。(已經(jīng)回來(lái))瞬間動(dòng)詞可以用于完成時(shí)態(tài),但不可以接表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)()He has finished his work. ()He has finished his work for an hour.2.完成體的用法用法例句表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(溫馨提示1)瞬間行為用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)且與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí),需在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)或句型方面作相應(yīng)變化。如:他參軍3年了。()He ha

23、s joined the army for 3 years.()He has been in the army for 3 years.(變換動(dòng)詞)()He joined the army 3 years ago.(變換時(shí)態(tài))()It has been/is 3 years since he joined the army.(變換句型)溫馨提示漢語(yǔ)意思瞬間動(dòng)詞(詞組)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(詞組)買(mǎi)buyhave借borrowkeep結(jié)婚get marriedbe married認(rèn)識(shí)get to knowknow離開(kāi)leavebe away回來(lái)come backbe back生病fall illbe il

24、l死亡diebe dead關(guān)閉turn offbe off打開(kāi)turn onbe on動(dòng)身leave forbe off to返回returnbe back變成becomebe開(kāi)始beginbe on2)部分瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)表漢語(yǔ)意思瞬間動(dòng)詞(詞組)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(詞組)買(mǎi)buyhave借睡覺(jué)go to bedsleep穿put onhave on/wear來(lái)/去come/gobe in/away參加joinbe a member of感冒catch a coldhave a cold入睡go to sleep/fall asleepbe asleep到達(dá)get to/arrive in/

25、at/reachbe in續(xù)表睡覺(jué)go to bedsleep穿put onhave on(2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)用法例句一件事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去,而另外一件事情先于它發(fā)生(即表“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”),那么發(fā)生在前的動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)She had learned some English before she came to the institute.她在來(lái)這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)前已學(xué)過(guò)一些英語(yǔ)了。He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.他說(shuō)他在國(guó)外待了3年了。表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去的另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:by/until/before/by th

26、e end of+“表過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間”By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那時(shí),他已學(xué)了3年英語(yǔ)了。Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那時(shí)為止,他對(duì)此仍一無(wú)所知。hope,expect,mean,intend,want,suppose 的過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)在“Hardly/Scarcely/Barely.when.和No sooner. than.”句型中,w

27、hen和than 從句里用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),且用倒裝,表示“剛剛就”Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我剛到家,大雨就傾盆而下。在“It was/had been+一段時(shí)間+since 從句”中since從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我們有10年沒(méi)那么高興過(guò)了。在“That/It/This was the first/second.time+that 從句”句型中,that 從句的謂語(yǔ)要用

28、過(guò)去完成時(shí)It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.那是他第三次犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤了。(2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)用法例句一件事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去,而另外一件事情先(3)將來(lái)完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間某一動(dòng)作將會(huì)完成,常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為“by+將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間”。By this time of next year,all of you will have become college students.到明年的這個(gè)時(shí)候,你們大家就都成為大學(xué)生了。題組訓(xùn)練單句填空Happy birthday! By this time of next year,

29、 youwill have turned(turn)18.Ihad thought(think)you would come the next day,but you didnt.This is the first time that hehas passed(pass)the exam.Hardlyhad(have)we started when the car got a flat tyre.(3)將來(lái)完成時(shí)(四)完成進(jìn)行體1.考綱對(duì)完成進(jìn)行體所要求掌握的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),其形式為:have/has+been+doing。2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法用法例句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且現(xiàn)在

30、還在進(jìn)行He has been learning English for 6 years.他學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)6年了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的組合,因此,它既具備現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特征,又具備現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特征,如:它具備進(jìn)行體的“未完性、暫時(shí)性、感情色彩”的特點(diǎn)It has been raining for 3 days.已經(jīng)下了三天雨了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話者“抱怨”的感情色彩)(四)完成進(jìn)行體用法例句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且現(xiàn)在還在(五)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)1.主將從現(xiàn)用法例句所謂“主將從現(xiàn)”,即主句表將來(lái)(不一定為一般將來(lái)時(shí),祈使句、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”也可表將來(lái)),從句(包

31、括時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)(不一定是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可在這類(lèi)從句中表示將來(lái))Whatever you say,I will not change my mind.無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么,我都不會(huì)改變主意。If she is still waiting,tell her to go home.如果她還在等,就讓她回家。I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.我做完工作就和你一起去。(五)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)用法例句所謂“主將從現(xiàn)”,即主句表將來(lái)(2.含賓語(yǔ)從句的句子的時(shí)態(tài)一致問(wèn)題(1)賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)常受主句謂

32、語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的制約,如果主句謂語(yǔ)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)可以不受影響。He says (that) (2)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般需用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài),即一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)等。如:2.含賓語(yǔ)從句的句子的時(shí)態(tài)一致問(wèn)題I thought (that)注意:(1)當(dāng)主句為過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句有明確的表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可不必用過(guò)去完成時(shí)而用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。I knew he was born in 1991.我知道他生于1991年。I thought (that)注意:(2)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)真理時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不必變?yōu)檫^(guò)去時(shí),

33、而繼續(xù)采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。This proved that the earth is round.這證明地球是圓的。題組訓(xùn)練單句填空The teacher told us that the Yangtze Riveroriginates(originate)in Qinghai. He said hewas leaving/would leave(leave)a few days later.(2)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)真理時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不必變?yōu)檫^(guò)去時(shí),而繼續(xù)采用法例句在“would/should/ought to/could/might/neednt/would like to.have done st

34、h.,but.”句型中,but后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)He should have turned up but he had an unexpected visitor.他本應(yīng)該到場(chǎng),但他那里來(lái)了一個(gè)不速之客。在“But for the fact+that從句”中,that從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)后面句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間而定But for the fact that he is busy now,he would be here.要不是他現(xiàn)在很忙,他就在這里了。It is(high)time+that從句,that從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原形It i

35、s time that we went/should go to bed.我們?cè)撍X(jué)了。3.含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子中的時(shí)態(tài)一致問(wèn)題用法例句在“would/should/ought to/co題組訓(xùn)練單句填空But for the fact that youwere(be)ill,I would have had you print the papers.It is high time that wehad/should have(have)lunch. I would have picked you up at the airport,but Iwas having/had(have)a meeti

36、ng then.(六)易混時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)所表示的一個(gè)或一段過(guò)去時(shí)間是可以具體確定的,與其他時(shí)間沒(méi)有牽連,它所表示的事情純屬過(guò)去;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。比較下面幾組句子,體會(huì)兩種時(shí)態(tài)的不同:題組訓(xùn)練單句填空 2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)是指過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或情況,而過(guò)去完成時(shí)指過(guò)去的一個(gè)動(dòng)作或時(shí)間之前發(fā)生的事。He had learned 3,000 English words before he came to this school.他來(lái)這個(gè)學(xué)校之前就已經(jīng)學(xué)了3,000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞了。 (2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用by或bef

37、ore 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或句子表示,如by that time,by the end of,before 2010,by the time+句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí))等。He had finished writing the book by the end of last month.到上個(gè)月月底為止,他已經(jīng)寫(xiě)完這本書(shū)了。3.過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別兩種時(shí)態(tài)都常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動(dòng)作(句中不可有表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)),而過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示的是在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過(guò)去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作(句中可有表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ))。比較下面的說(shuō)法:(2)過(guò)去完成

38、時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用by或before 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)題組訓(xùn)練用所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空The reports went missing in 2012 and nobodyhas seen(see) them since.Im calling about the apartment you advertised (advertise)the other day.Could you tell me more about it?During the last three decades,the number of people participating in physical fitness progr

39、ams has increased (increase)sharply.題組訓(xùn)練用所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空二、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)(一)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法二、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)中的及物動(dòng)詞一般都有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種形式。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是無(wú)標(biāo)記的,而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則是有標(biāo)記的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)和句子的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣的不同而變化。幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式見(jiàn)下表:2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成時(shí)體現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般is/am/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould be done進(jìn)行is/am/

40、are being donewas/were being done完成have/has been donehad been done(will have been done)(would have been done)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般is/am/are don3.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法溫馨提示(1)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在含被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中作謂語(yǔ)時(shí),切不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。The plan will be given up.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃就要被放棄了。Bad habits have been done away with.壞習(xí)慣已經(jīng)改掉了。用法例句不知道或沒(méi)有必要指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Attention,

41、 please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8:00 a.m. tomorrow.Everyone is expected to attend on time.請(qǐng)注意!明天上午八點(diǎn)在辦公室召開(kāi)會(huì)議。望大家準(zhǔn)時(shí)參加。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者The woman was taken to hospital.那位女士被送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者被較長(zhǎng)的修飾語(yǔ)修飾The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.想掙許多錢(qián)的人們支持那個(gè)主意。3.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法溫馨提示用法例句不知道或

42、沒(méi)有必要指明動(dòng)(2)含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式是:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞He must be prevented from going.必須阻止他去。The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃應(yīng)該盡早執(zhí)行。(3)“get+過(guò)去分詞”可以表示被動(dòng),此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語(yǔ)化。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周治療一次。He fell off the car and got killed.他從汽車(chē)上掉下來(lái),摔死了。(2)含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式是:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞用法

43、例句“系動(dòng)詞look,sound, feel, smell,taste等+形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)The steel feels cold.鋼摸起來(lái)很涼。某些與cant,wont等連用的不及物動(dòng)詞,如open,shut,move等The door wont shut.這扇門(mén)關(guān)不上。某些可和well,easily等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞,如read, write,draw,wash,clean,cook等Nylon cleans easily.尼龍容易洗干凈。Your article reads very well.你的文章讀起來(lái)很不錯(cuò)。少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí),其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義,如pri

44、nt,cook,sell等The meat is cooking.肉正在燉著。(二)主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義用法例句“系動(dòng)詞look,sound, feel, smel注意:“介詞in,on,under 等+名詞”構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義。表示方位或目的的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用,含被動(dòng)之意,其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式,名詞前一般不用冠詞。常見(jiàn)的有:under control 受控制under treatment 在治療中under repair 在修理中under discussion 在討論中under construction 在施工中beyond belief 令人難以置信beyo

45、nd ones reach 夠不著beyond ones control 無(wú)法控制for sale 待售for rent 出租in print 已出版in sight 在視野范圍內(nèi)on sale 出售on show 展出注意:“介詞in,on,under 等+名詞”構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表on trial 受審out of control 控制不了out of sight 在視野范圍外out of ones reach 夠不著out of fashion 不流行The rumor is beyond belief(=cant be believed).那個(gè)謠言令人難以置信。Today some trea

46、sures are on show(=are being shown)in the museum.今天一些珍寶正在博物館展出。(三)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ):have(有),wish(希望),cost(花費(fèi)),date back to(追溯到),agree with(同意),arrive at/in(到達(dá)),shake hands with(握手),succeed in(成功),suffer from(受苦),take part in(參加),walk into/enter(走進(jìn)),belong to(屬于) 等。on trial 受審out of control 控制This k

47、ey just fits the lock.這把鑰匙正好開(kāi)這把鎖。(四)be to blame(該受責(zé)備,對(duì)某件壞事應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任)與be to let(待出租)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中,用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Which driver is to blame for the accident?這次事故是哪個(gè)司機(jī)的責(zé)任?This house is to let.這座房子要出租。題組訓(xùn)練單句填空If nothing is done (do),the oceans will turn into fish deserts.Hundreds of jobswill be lost(lose)if the fact

48、ory closes.A new cinemais being built(build) here.They hope to finish it next month.This key just fits the lock.這把三、主謂一致主謂一致即在句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致。一般可根據(jù)三個(gè)原則來(lái)確定:三、主謂一致用法例句主語(yǔ)是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)The results of the research are to be published soon.研究結(jié)果不久將發(fā)表。復(fù)合不定代詞someone,anyone, everyone, nobody/n

49、o one, something, anything, everything,nothing等作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)If anyone sees Lisa, ask her to call me.如果有人看到莉薩,請(qǐng)她給我打個(gè)電話。Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.世上無(wú)難事,只怕有心人。each of+作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,但“we, you, they或名詞復(fù)數(shù)+each”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式Each of the students has an apple.這些學(xué)生每人有一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。(不定代詞Each作主語(yǔ))The stude

50、nts each have an apple.這些學(xué)生每人有一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。(The stu-dents作主語(yǔ),each作同位語(yǔ))代詞all 作主語(yǔ):若指人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);若指事物或現(xiàn)象,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)All are equal before the law.法律面前,人人平等。All is well that ends well.結(jié)局好一切都好。不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)Having to change trains is a small inconvenience.換乘火車(chē)多少有些不便。 +單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Many a page in this book

51、 is missing.這本書(shū)缺了許多頁(yè)。The whole nation is in deep sorrow.整個(gè)國(guó)家沉浸在悲痛之中。(一)語(yǔ)法一致用法例句主語(yǔ)是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)題組訓(xùn)練單句填空His suggestionhas(have)been accepted.To say you were ignorant of the rulesis(be)no excuse. How to earn daily bread by my penwas(be)then the problem. 題組訓(xùn)練單句填空用法例句形式為單數(shù)但意義為復(fù)數(shù)概念的police,cattl

52、e等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)The police have not made any arrests. 警方未逮捕任何人。表示一類(lèi)人/物的the poor/rich/dead/injured/wounded等和“the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)The rich are to help the poor.富人應(yīng)該幫助窮人。The Greens are going to London.格林一家要去倫敦。表示某國(guó)人的總稱的the Chinese,the British,the Irish等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)The Chinese are hard-working.中國(guó)人民是勤勞的。m

53、aths,physics,politics,news等以“s”結(jié)尾卻表示單數(shù)或不可數(shù)概念的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Physics is my favorite subject.物理是我最喜歡的科目。Bad news has wings.壞事傳千里。單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞sheep,deer,means,works(工廠)等作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與實(shí)際意義一致3 sheep are eating grass there.3只羊在那里吃草。A sheep is lying there.有只羊正躺在那里。集體名詞family,class,crew,team,group,public,audience,c

54、rowd,government,committee等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)所指的意義而定。當(dāng)集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果指其中各個(gè)成員時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.這個(gè)班由25個(gè)男生和20個(gè)女生組成。(強(qiáng)調(diào)class這一整體)The class are doing experiments. 全班學(xué)生正在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。(強(qiáng)調(diào)class里的各個(gè)成員)(二)意義一致用法例句形式為單數(shù)但意義為復(fù)數(shù)概念的police,cattl題組訓(xùn)練單句填空 The cattleare(be)e

55、ating grass on the hill now.Not every meansis(be)useful.The Englishare(be)proud of their sense of humor.(三)就近一致or, either.or., neither.nor.,not only.but also.,not.but.在句子中連接并列主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候或者在there be句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和離它最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Not his parents but he doesnt want to go.不是他的父母不想去而是他不想去。Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我

56、都沒(méi)錯(cuò)。題組訓(xùn)練單句填空Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.不僅是學(xué)生,老師也盼望假期。There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.桌上有一杯茶和一些蘋(píng)果。題組訓(xùn)練單句填空 Are(be)either you or he fit for the job?Not you but Iam(be)responsible for this. Are(be)not only the students but also their teacher requi

57、red to attend the meeting?Not only the students but also用法例句兩個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞用and連接,表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)Tom and Jack were close friends.湯姆和杰克是親密的朋友。Steam and ice are different forms of water.蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。兩個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用and連接,表示同一人、同一物或同一個(gè)概念,或表示不可分的整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party

58、.那位歌舞演員將參加我們的晚會(huì)。被every,each,many a,no等限定的名詞由and連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)Many a teacher and(many a)student has seen the film.許多老師和學(xué)生看過(guò)這部電影。一個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞被幾個(gè)用and連接的并列形容詞所修飾時(shí),可以指一件事或幾件事,這種名詞作主語(yǔ),要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活簡(jiǎn)樸是一種優(yōu)良的品質(zhì)。English and American literature are appealing

59、 to her. 英國(guó)文學(xué)和美國(guó)文學(xué)都對(duì)她有吸引力。由and連接的兩個(gè)what從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式What he says and does do not agree. 他言行不一致。What he says and does does not concern me.他的言行與我無(wú)關(guān)。在含“名詞或代詞+with,along with,together with,as well as,rather than,but,except或not等+名詞或代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)該和第一個(gè)名詞或代詞保持一致Tom as well as two of his

60、friends was invited to the party.湯姆以及他的兩個(gè)朋友一起被邀請(qǐng)參加聚會(huì)了。Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory.只有一個(gè)老師和三個(gè)學(xué)生在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里。(四)主謂一致的幾個(gè)難點(diǎn)1.并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致用法例句兩個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞用and連接,表示兩個(gè)不題組訓(xùn)練單句填空Many a good manhas(have) been destroyed by drink. The writer and translatoris(be) delivering a speech in