英語賓語從句定語從句狀語從句講解與練習(xí)

1、11/11精選文檔賓語從句一，引導(dǎo)詞A，由that引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語從句，在好多動詞如say，think，wish，hope，see，believe，agree，expect，hear，feel等動詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下仍是以不省為好，特別是在筆語中。例：Itoldhimthathewaswrong.l在think，believe，suppose，expect等動詞引起的賓語從句中，有時謂語盡管可否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think等動詞變成否定形式。例：Idontthinkyouareright.(我認(rèn)為

2、你做的不對)l在好多帶有復(fù)合賓語的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后邊，而用it做形式賓語。例：Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone(我認(rèn)為他向每一個人謊話是錯誤的)B，由連詞if、whether引導(dǎo)的表示可否的賓語從句。Whether，if在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if能夠代替。例：Idontknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.l在介詞后邊的賓語從句中不用if引導(dǎo)例：Everythi

3、ngdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。l賓語從句中有ornot時不用if引導(dǎo).例：Idontknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.l和不定式連用作賓語時不用if引導(dǎo).例：Whethertogothereornothasntbeendecided.C，由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which，和連接副詞when，where，why，how等連接的賓語從句，它們在句中即有連接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。例：Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout

4、?(which做定語)Idontknowwherehelives.(where做地點(diǎn)狀語)二，賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序必定是陳述語序，既連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分例：Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.三，賓語從句的時態(tài)。賓語從句的時態(tài)受主句的限制，即：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句依照實(shí)質(zhì)情況而定。主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時態(tài)。若是從句的動作發(fā)生在主句從前，則從句要用過去完成時態(tài)。例:1)Shesaysthatsheisastud

5、ent.Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.精選文檔3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.4)ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.若是賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時，這時

6、賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.Couldyoutellme是用來征詢對方的建議，語氣宛轉(zhuǎn)，其實(shí)不表示過去。例：CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHistoryMuseum?注意事項：由陳述句變成賓語從句時，要注意人稱的變化。例：Shesaid:IhavebeentoEnglandbefore.ShesaidthatshehadbeentoEnglandbefore.Sheaskedme:Doyoulikemath

7、s?SheaskedmeifIlikedmaths.賓語從句與簡單句的交換。由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，若是賓語從句的主語和主句的主語是同一個人時，能夠用疑問詞+不定式做賓語的簡單句結(jié)構(gòu)。例：IdontknowwhatIshoulddonext.Icontknowwhattodonext.Hedidntknowwherehewouldlive.Hedidntknowwhere定語從句在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語的句子是定語從句，它在句中修飾名詞或代詞。定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(m),whose和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等引導(dǎo)。被定語從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞

8、。定語從句平時放在先行詞的后邊作后置定語。在中考試題中，主要觀察引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。一、一般情況下，當(dāng)先行詞指人時，用that,who或whom引導(dǎo)。如：Iknowtheyoungmanthat/whoisreadingunderthetree.我認(rèn)識在樹下讀書的那個年青人。Thegirlwhomyoutalkedaboutamomentagoismydaughter.你們剛剛議論的女孩是我的女兒?！緶剀疤崾尽慨?dāng)指人的先行詞后有介詞時，關(guān)系代詞不用that,而要用whom。如：Jimisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking.吉姆是你在搜尋的人。二、當(dāng)先行詞指

9、物時，用which或that引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語經(jīng)?？墒÷浴Ｈ纾篏ivemethepenthat/whichisonthedesk.把桌子上的鋼筆給我。【溫馨提示】一)當(dāng)先行詞指物時只能用that而不能夠用which的幾種常有情況：1.先行詞為all,anything,everything,nothing,much,none,little等不定代詞時。如：Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.沒有什么能阻攔他做這件事。先行詞前有l(wèi)ast,next,only，very及序數(shù)詞、最高等等修飾時。如：Thisisthemostinteresting

10、filmthatwasshownlastweek.這是上周所放映的電影.DoyouknowthegirlwhosenameisLily?精選文檔中最有趣的一部。Theonlythingthattheycandoistowait.他們唯一能做的事就是等待。3.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或最高等等修飾時。如：Thisisthesecondcomputerthatfatherhasjustbought.這是爸爸方才買的第二臺電腦。Thisistheverypen(that)youboughtyesterday.這正是你昨天買的筆。4.當(dāng)先行詞既有人，又有物時。如：Sallyistalkingaboutthew

11、riterandhisbookthatinterestsher.薩麗在議論這位作家及能使她感興趣的這位作家的書。當(dāng)主語是who的疑問句。如：Whoistheboythatisplayingcomputergames?在玩電腦游戲的男孩是誰？二)當(dāng)先行詞指物時，只能用which而不能夠用that的場合關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時。如：ThisisthehouseinwhichTomoncelived.這是湯姆從前住過的房子。在非限制性定語從句(即平時用逗號與主句分開，若是去掉逗號，整個句子還可以表達(dá)完滿的意義的定語從句)中。如：TheyaretalkingabouttheTVplay,whichtheys

12、awlastnight.他們正在議論昨晚看的電視劇。三、whose在定語從句中作定語，修飾它后邊的名詞。如：你認(rèn)識名叫莉莉的女孩嗎？四、當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中作狀語時，應(yīng)用合適的關(guān)系副詞。表示時間用when，表示地點(diǎn)用where，表示原因用why。但這些關(guān)系副詞平時可變換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”形式。如：Thehotelwhere/atwhichthevisitorsarestayingisveryexpensive.這些參觀者呆的酒店很貴。狀語從句由從句擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)臓钫Z，在句子中可修飾謂語（或其他動詞）、形容詞、副詞或是整個句子，它能夠用來表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、退步等。狀語從句是

13、一較大的語法項目，也是近幾年高考題中常有的一個重要試點(diǎn)。高考中已觀察了時間、退步、地點(diǎn)、條件、目的等狀語從句，這些從句仍是今后高考熱點(diǎn)，應(yīng)作充分準(zhǔn)備。同時對方式狀語從句也應(yīng)引起重視。（一）時間狀語從句表示時間的狀語從句可由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till(until),since,once,assoonas(或themoment),bythetime,nosoonerthan,hardly(scarcely)when,every等引time導(dǎo)。e.g.WhenIcameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingamee

14、ting.Hestartedassoonashereceivedthenews.Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.NosoonerhadIgonetobedthanIwenttosleep.（二）原因狀語從句原因狀語從句是表示原因或原因的，引導(dǎo)這類從句的最常用的連詞是because,since,as,nowthat（既然）等，for表示因果關(guān)系時（它引導(dǎo)的不是從句）為并列連詞，語氣不如because強(qiáng)。e.g.Heisdisappointedbecausehedidntgettheposition.Asitisraining,Iwillnotgoout.N

15、owthatyoumentionit,Idoremember.精選文檔（三）地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞是where和wherever等。e.g.Sitwhereveryoulike.Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.（四）目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句最常用的詞（組）是so,sothat（從句謂語常有神情動詞）,inorderthat,incase（以防，省得）等。e.g.Speakclearly,sothattheymayunderstandyou.ShehasboughtthebookinorderthatshecouldfollowtheTVlesson

16、s.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.（五）結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句是表示形勢結(jié)果的從句，平時主句是原因，從句是結(jié)果。由sothat（從句謂語一般沒有神情動詞）,sothat,suchthat等引導(dǎo)。e.g.Shewasill,sothatshedidntattendthemeeting.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotsayaword.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher.（六）條件狀語從句條件狀語從句分真實(shí)性（有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）與非真實(shí)性（條件與事實(shí)相反也許在說話者看來不大可

17、能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）條件句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的詞（組）主要有if,unless,so(as)longas,onconditionthat,so(as)faras,ifonly(=if)。注意：條件從句中的if不能夠用whether代替。e.g.Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean.SofarasIknow（據(jù)我所知）,hewillbeawayforthreemonths.Youcangoswimmingonconditionthat(=if)youdontgotoofara

18、wayfromtheriverbank.Ifhehadcomeafewminutesearlier,hecouldhaveseenher.（七）退步狀語從句退步狀語從句可由although,though,as,evenif(though),however,whatever,whetheror,nomatterwho(when,what,)等引導(dǎo)。注意：as引導(dǎo)的退步狀語從句一般是倒裝的。e.g.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.Childasheis,heknowsalot.Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,Illneverchangemymi

19、nd.（八）方式狀語從句方式狀語從句常由as,asif(though),theway,ratherthan等引導(dǎo)。e.g.YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.（九）比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常用than,so(as)as,themorethemore等引導(dǎo)。e.g.Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.Hesmokescigarettesasexpensiveashecanafford.Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.（十）使用狀語從句時要注意

20、的幾個問題1、在時間和條件（有時也在方式、退步等）從句中，主句是一般將來時，從句平時用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。e.g.Wellgooutingifitdoesntraintomorrow.IllwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.2、有些時間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或退步從句，若是從句的主語與主句主語一致（或雖不一致，是it），從句的謂語又包含動詞be，即可省略從句中的“主語+be”部分。.精選文檔e.g.When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.If(itis)

21、necessaryIllexplaintoyouagain.3、注意區(qū)分不同樣從句：引導(dǎo)的是什么從句，不但要依照連詞，還要依照句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來鑒識。以where為例，能引導(dǎo)多種從句。e.g.Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.（地點(diǎn)狀語從句）Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.（定語從句，句中有先行詞）Idontknowwherehecamefrom.（賓語從句）Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.（主語從句）Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.（表語從句）EXERCISE定語從句真題精選1.Doyouknow

22、thescientist_gaveusatalkjustnow?(天津市)A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose2.Thisisthedictionary_Mumgavemeformybirthday.(河北省)A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whomShaolinTemple_liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.(河南省)A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what4.Doyouknowthegirl_isstandingunderthetree?Sheismylittle

23、sister.(福州市)A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which5.Thisisthequestion_wearetalkingaboutnow.(吉林省)A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when6.Whatareyoulookingfor?Iamlookingforthebook_Iboughtyesterday.(長沙市)A.whoB.whichC.whose7.Jack,thereissomeoneintheoffice_wouldliketospeakwithyou.(廈門市)A.whoB.whichC.whom8.Ifabagisfilledwithbooksand

24、pens,itmustbelongtosomeone_workshard.(臨沂市)A.whichB./C.whomD.who9.Manyyoungpeoplepreferthesongs_havegreatlyrics.(泰安市)A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom10.Eventeacherscantunderstandsomeexpressions_theirstudentsuseindailylife.(紹興市)A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.whom11.Beijingisthe29thcity_holdstheOlympicGames.(蕪湖市)A.where

25、B.thatC.whichD.what12.Haveyoureadthebook_Igaveyouyesterday?(茂名市)A.thatB.whenC.where13.Theman_cametoourpartywithapresentismyoldfriend.(茂名市).精選文檔A.whenB.whichC.what14.Ilikewriters_writeshortstories.(襄樊市)A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who15.Therearemanyvolunteers_arehelpingthechildreninSichuan.Andmostofthemareco

26、llegestudents.(咸寧市)A.whichB.whenC.whoseD.who16.WeknowJackieChan_moviesareverypopularwiththeyoung.(恩施自治州)A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which17.Theboy_Italkedwithjustnowismybestfriend.(南充市)A.whoB.whichC.where18.Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?Ilikemusic_Icansingalongwith.(自貢市)A.whoB.thatC.what19.Heistheonlystudent_pla

27、ystabletennisbetterthanJim.(南寧市)A.whyB.whereC.whoD.which20.ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isntit?Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschools_thosechildrencanstudyhappily.(哈爾濱市)A.whereB.whenC.which練習(xí)、狀語從句一、用橫線劃出以下句子中的狀語從句，并指出是哪一種狀語從句：1.Childassheis,sheknowsalotofthings.2.ThemoreIcandofortheclass,thehappierIl

28、lbe.Hetalksasif(asthough)heknewallaboutit.Heissuchagoodteacherthatthestudentsloveandrespecthim.5.Ishallgototheparkunlessitrains.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.Wherethereiswater,thereislife.Hestudiedhardsothathecouldcatchupwithhisclassmates.Sinceyouareverybusy,Iwonttroubleyou.10.Evenif(though)I

29、fail.Illneverloseheart.Onceyoubeginthework,youmustcontinue.Iwillfindherwherevershemaybe.Nowthatyouvecome,youdbetterhavedinnerwithus.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldntfallasleep.Wemustdoeverythingashetellsus.精選文檔IndiaismuchbiggerthanJapan.Nomatterwhenyoucome,youarewarmlywelcome.As(So)longasyouworkhard,youca

30、ncatchupwiththeotherclassmates.二、用合適的連詞填空：Dr.Bethune(白求恩)cametoChina_hewasfifty.Hebegantowork_hegotthere.Letsbeginourmeeting_everyoneishere.IliketheEnglishpeople,_Idontliketheirfood._yougoinChina,youcanseesmilingfaces.Hedidntcometothelecture,_hewasverybusy._wehadenoughtime,wewalkedtothecinema.Theywi

31、llhelpyou_youmeetwithdifficulty._wecametotheuniversity,wehavelearntquitealot.10.Ididntjointhemyesterdayevening_Ihadtogotoanimportantmeeting.Wewouldtrytogetacar_wecouldalltraveltogethermoreeasily.Shewouldntforgethermothersbirthday_sheseldomwrotetoherfamily.Weredoingeverythingwecantomakethingsaseasyfo

32、ryou_wecan.Themeetingbecamesodisorderly_thespeakerhadtoshouttheaudiencedown.Hewasangrier_everbefore._youlockallthedoors,hecanstillmanagetogetin.Theboywassotired_hefellasleeponthebus.18.Hard_hetried,hecouldntforcethedooropen.三、選擇填空：1.Illletyouknow_hecomesback.A.beforeB.becauseC.assoonasD.although2.Sh

33、ewillsingasong_sheisasked.A.ifB.unlessC.forD.since3.Wewillwork_weareneeded.A.wheneverB.becauseC.sinceD.wherever4.Readitaloud_theclasscanhearyou.A.sothatB.ifC.whenD.although5._yougo,dontforgetyourpeople.A.WheneverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.Whichever6.Itisabouttenyears_Imetyoulast.A.sinceB.forC.whenD.as7.Th

34、eywillneversucceed,_hardtheytry.A.becauseB.howeverC.whenD.since8._stillhalfdrunk,hemadehiswayhome.A.WhenB.BecauseC.ThoughD.As9._shewasverytired,shewentonworking.A.AsB.AlthoughC.EvenD.Inspiteof10.Busy_hewas,hetriedhisbesttohelpyou.A.asB.whenC.sinceD.for.精選文檔11.IlearnedalittleRussian_Iwasatmiddleschoo

35、l.A.thoughB.althoughC.asifD.when12._wegottothestation,thetrainhadleftalready.A.IfB.UnlessC.SinceD.When13._therainstops,we11setoffforthestation.A.BeforeB.UnlessC.AssoonasD.Though14.Shewas_tired_shecouldnotmoveaninch.A.so,thatB.such,thatC.very,thatD.so,as15.Wedidntgohome_wefinishedthework.A.sinceB.unt

36、ilC.becauseD.though16.Illstayhere_everyoneelsecomesback.A.evenifB.asthoughC.becauseD.until17.Althoughitsraining,_arestillworkinginthefield.A.theyB.buttheyC.andtheyD.sothey18.Speaktohimslowly_hemayunderstandyoubetter.A.sinceB.sothatC.forD.because19.Youllmissthetrain_youhurryup.A.unlessB.asC.ifD.until

37、20.Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamark_youhaveanyquestions.A.atwhichB.atwhereC.theplaceD.where21.Wedbetterhurry_itisgettingdark.A.andB.butC.asD.unless22.Ididntmanagetodoit_youhadexplainedhow.A.untilB.unlessC.whenD.before23._hecomes,wewontbeabletogo.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even24.Ihurried_Iwoul

38、dntbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless25._Icatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.A.EverytimeB.ThoughC.EvenD.Where26.Whatsthematter_theystillhaventansweredthetelegram?A.whenB.thatC.thoughD.however27.Bringitnearer_Imayseeitbetter.A.althoughB.eventhoughC.sothatD.since28.YoumayarriveinBeijingearly_youmi

39、ndtakingthenighttrain.A.thatB.thoughC.unlessD.if29.Helenlistenedcarefully_shemightdiscoverexactlywhatsheneeded.A.inthatB.inorderthatC.incaseD.eventhough30.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurants_theydotoday.A.thanB.whenC.whileD.as31._hardshetries,shecanhardlyavoidmakingmistakesinherhomework.A.MuchB.Howeve

40、rC.AsD.AlthoughPoor_itmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome,_youmaygo.A.as;whereverB.though;wheneverC.inspiteof;whenD.that;whereverThechildwas_immediatelyaftersupper.A.enoughtiredtogotobedB.tootiredtogotobed.精選文檔C.sotiredthathewenttobedD.verytired,hewenttobed34.Thehistoryofnursing_thehistoryofman.A.asoldasB.

41、isoldthanC.thatisasoldasD.isasoldas35._borninChicago,theauthorwasfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork.A.SinceB.OnceC.WhenD.Although36._westoodatthetopofthebuilding,thepeoplebelowwerehardlyvisible.A.AsB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.Inspiteof37.ScarcelywasGeorgeWashingtoninhisteens_hisfatherdied.A.thanB.asC.whileD.wh

42、en38._Davidgoes,heiswelcome.A.WhicheverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.Whatever39.Thehousestood_therehadbeenarock.A.whichB.atwhichC.whenD.where40.Small_itis,thepenisamostusefultool.A.becauseB.soC.ifD.asAfterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced_tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwice

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