專題-詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

1、學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)講義學(xué)員姓名:年級(jí)：九年級(jí)輔導(dǎo)科目：英語(yǔ)授課類型授課日期時(shí)段詞性轉(zhuǎn)換教學(xué)內(nèi)容一、專題知識(shí)梳理一、出題方向.出題量最大，也是最難把握的方向同詞根不同詞類之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換?？嫉南嗷マD(zhuǎn)換詞類有四種：名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞名詞3動(dòng)詞、形容詞動(dòng)詞、形容詞3名詞動(dòng)詞3形容詞形容詞3動(dòng)詞形容詞3副詞副詞3形容詞做這樣的轉(zhuǎn)換需要平時(shí)大量的積累，建立詞根詞綴的概念，多掌握常用的詞綴，靈活變通.最基本題型，必考方向名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞名詞考察方向：1.復(fù)數(shù)代詞考察方向：1.賓格2.形容詞性、名詞性物主代詞轉(zhuǎn)換3.反身代詞可能出現(xiàn)數(shù)詞考察方向：1.基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞的拼寫與互換2.分?jǐn)?shù)可能出現(xiàn).簡(jiǎn)單題型，多練即

2、可把握比較級(jí)最高級(jí)需要掌握：1.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化方式2.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的辨識(shí)關(guān)鍵詞.較難題型，多次轉(zhuǎn)換，反義理解有時(shí)候詞類之間需要越級(jí)變換，要仔細(xì)斟酌詞類間的修飾關(guān)系，確保答案的正確性較難題目不僅會(huì)越級(jí)變換，還需要添加反義，這需要更耐心細(xì)致地解題，分析題意二、解題技巧.形容詞修飾名詞、代詞性成分；部分名詞也可以修飾名詞.動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞需要副詞修飾，副詞也可以修飾整句話.系動(dòng)詞后一般使用形容詞，連系動(dòng)詞后尤其需要注意添加形容詞，這點(diǎn)易和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用副詞修飾混淆.扎實(shí)掌握名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞的基本知識(shí).注意做完需要通讀一下，檢查反義及動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)問(wèn)題二、專題精講I：詞類相互轉(zhuǎn)換基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞（規(guī)

3、律：基數(shù)詞+巾=序數(shù)詞）特例：twelve-twelfthtwentytwentiethfive-fifthnineninth特殊變化：inonesfifties年過(guò)五旬（去y+ies）注意語(yǔ)境理解：（13靜安）MysisterVivianvisitsthepubliclibraryinourtowntwiceamonth.（two）（中考模擬）NateisverycheerfulbecausehehaswonthesecondprizeinthesingingcompetitionVoiceofChina.（two）單復(fù)數(shù)變化+S特例：1以o為結(jié)尾，沒(méi)生命+s,有生命+es2以f或fe為結(jié)尾

4、，去f或fe+ves職業(yè)后綴+er,+or,+ist,+antIerwaiterengineerordirectoractorvisitorinventoristartisttouristantassistant.（13長(zhǎng)寧）MoreandmoretouristswouldliketogotoShanghaiforaholiday.（tour）.（13普陀）TodayIreadanarticleaboutthefamousChineseinventorCaiLun.（invent）動(dòng)詞名詞:.V.+ment結(jié)尾amuseamusement娛樂(lè)developdevelopment發(fā)展arguea

5、rgument爭(zhēng)吵V.+tion結(jié)尾attractattractioncollect-collection（12中考）locate-locationoperate-operationorganize-organizationpollute-pollutionsolvesolutionV.+sion結(jié)尾concludeconclusion結(jié)論discussdiscussiondecidedecision決定（高頻考點(diǎn)）impress-impressionV.+ing結(jié)尾begin-beginning開(kāi)端meanmeaning意義saysaying諺語(yǔ)paintpainting油畫，水彩畫V.+其

6、他choose-choice（s）選擇examineexam檢查，考試flyflight航班knowknowledge知識(shí)mix-mixtureproduceproduct產(chǎn)品serve-service服務(wù)（不可數(shù)）sitseat座位speak-speech演講succeedsuccess成功.（中考模擬）Theofficersattheairport_examineseverytravelerspassportcarefully.（exam）.（中考模擬）Thisplanwasthe_productionofmanyhoursofcarefulthought.（produce）.（13靜安）

7、Thesedaysthepolicearetryinghardto_locatethemissingstranger.（location）.（13松江）orthetimebeing,athysobistoservethecustomersfoodattherestaurant.（service）.（13松江）Theyfinallymadea_decisiontobuildanewschoolinthatarea.（decide）.（13嘉定）msureyouwill_succeedinworkingouttheproblemunlessyougiveup.（success）.（13長(zhǎng)寧）Air

8、isamixtureofgaseswithacertainquantityofsolidsandliquids.（mix）.（13普陀）Myfriendshelpedmetoorganizeapartyformygrandparents.（organization）.（13奉賢）Theboywascleverenoughtosolvetheproblem.（solution）.（13普陀）Theonlywaytosucceedisthroughhardwork.（success）.（13黃浦）Tooursurprise,evenchildrencanoperatethemachinewitho

9、utanydirections.（operation）.（中考真題）Thereisabeautifulpaintingonthewallineachroomofmyhouse.形容詞副詞：.Adj.+ly結(jié)尾高頻詞：mainly,generally,clearly,finally,recently,seriously,widely,securelyte結(jié)尾直接力口ly:accurately,completely,immediately,politely2以y結(jié)尾去y加ilyeasy,happy,angry,heavy3特殊I以le結(jié)尾,去e+y:gentle-,possible-true:去e

10、加口ly:true-goodwell（13靜安）Marywillbeareporterinthefuturebecausesheisgoodatwriting.（possible）（13浦東）Asusual,wewenttothespeakerformoreadviceafterthelecture.（direct）動(dòng)詞形容詞：frighten-frightening（物）/frightened（人）widen-wideenrich-richthank-thankful對(duì)。感激forget-forgetful健忘的attract（s）-attractive迷人的change-changeabl

11、e多變的Tradition-traditional傳統(tǒng)的.（奉賢二模）Weareverytoourteachersfortheirgreathelp.（thank）.（浦東二模）TheBundisfamousforitsnightviews.（attract）.（靜安二模）Thelittledoglooked.Herefusedtojumpintotheswimmingpool.（frighten）.（13長(zhǎng)寧）Readingisagoodwaytorelaxandourmindsaswell.（wide）.（13奉賢）TheweatherinAprilis,soyoudbettertakem

12、oreclotheswithyou.（change）.（13浦東）Shanghaia10tofvisitorsfromallovertheworldeveryyear.（attractive）形容詞動(dòng)詞-ize:realize-en:quicken,sharpen,widen形容詞名詞：importantimportanceconfidentconfidencegoodgoodness,happy-happiness,safesafety（包括記憶動(dòng)詞save,副詞safely）（13靜安）Roadhasbeenpaidmuchattentiontosincelastyear.（safe）意思

13、取反（極重要!）：honest-dishonestpossible-impossiblehealthyunhealthyusualunusualappear-disappear（楊浦二模）Thepublicgotangrywhentheyknewfoodwasfedtochildrenatschool.（healthy）（13松江）tstoloseyourweightifyoudontkeepondietanddoeerciseregularly.（possible）（13普陀）Hewassodisappointedtofindthathissecretarywasaperson.（hones

14、t）（13閘北）Themostcarwas名詞名詞：（13奉賢）Safetyisimportanttoevery,soweshouldobeytherules.（city）名詞后綴補(bǔ)充：-ist（人，名詞后綴）science-scientist,terror-terrorist-ese（民族，語(yǔ)言，名詞后綴）Chinese,Japanese名詞形容詞：N.+y結(jié)尾angerangry生氣的saltsalty咸的noisenoisy（去e加y）吵鬧的N.+ful/less結(jié)尾care-careful/carelesshomehomeless無(wú)家可歸的use-useful/useless有用的/無(wú)

15、用的N.+ing/ed結(jié)尾interestinteresting/interested令人有趣的/感到有趣的.N+-ish:結(jié)尾foolfoolish,.N-some:結(jié)尾特例：history-historicalchemistry-chemical.(13徐匯)JennysexperienceasanexchangestudentinAustraliahasprovedtobeinteresting.(interest).其他還需掌握的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換形式基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞下列數(shù)詞應(yīng)背出one-firstfive-fifthtwelve今twelfthforty-one-forty-firsttwo-s

16、econdthree-thirdeight-eighthnine今ninthtwenty-twentieththirty-thirtieth形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)規(guī)則small-smaller-smallestbig-bigger-biggestgentle-gentler-gentlestheavy-heavier-heaviestbeautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautifulslowly今moreslowly-mostslowly不規(guī)則good/well-better-bestbad/badly/ill今worse今worstfar-farther/fur

17、ther今farthest/furthestmuch/many今more今mostlittle今less今leastold-older/elder-oldest/eldest3名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則girl-girlsbus-busesbox今boxesfactory-factoriesknife-knivesGerman-Germans不規(guī)則boy-boysdish-disheswatch-watchescountry-countriesscarf-scarvesAmerican-Americansman-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenfoot-feettoo

18、th-teethfish-fishChinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanesemandriver-mendriverswomanteacher-womenteachers4.動(dòng)詞ing形式1、一般情況下直接+ing2、以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾（輔音字母+e結(jié)尾的）單詞，去e+ing；make-making,taste-tasting以元音+e結(jié)尾的單詞，+ingsee-seeing3、以字母ie結(jié)尾的單詞，改ie為y，+inglie-lying，tie-tying，die-dying4、以輔音、元音、輔音字母結(jié)尾的單詞，雙寫最后一個(gè)字母+ingrun-running5.動(dòng)詞ed形式一

19、、規(guī)則變化.一般直接在詞尾加上ed。looklookedlooked.以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加d。movemovedmoved.以y結(jié)尾，y前面是輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加ed。carrycarriedcarried.部分動(dòng)詞需雙寫尾字母，加ed。stopstoppedstopped二：不規(guī)則變化AAB型原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)分/動(dòng)名詞三單中文beatbeatbeatenbeatingbeats打敗ABC型原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)分/動(dòng)名詞三單中文bewas/werebeenbeingis/am是，在beginbeganbegunbeginningbegins開(kāi)始blowblewblownblow

20、ingblows吹breakbrokebrokenbreakingbreaks破裂、折斷choosechosechosenchoosingchooses選擇dodiddonedoingdoes做、干drawdrewdrawndrawingdraws畫畫drivedrovedrivendrivingdrives駕駛drinkdrankdrunkdrinkingdrinks喝eatateeateneatingeats吃fallfellfallenfallingfalls落下flyflewflownflyingflies飛forgetforgotforgottenforgettingforgets忘

21、記getgotgottengettinggets到達(dá)、得到givegavegivengivinggives給gowentgonegoinggoes去growgrewgrowngrowinggrows成長(zhǎng)hidehidhiddenhidinghides隱藏knowknewknownknowingknows知道了解mistakemistookmistakenmistakingmistakes犯錯(cuò)rideroderiddenridingrides騎ringrangrungringingrings響鈴riseroserisenrisingrises升起seesawseenseeingsees看到sha

22、keshookshakenshakingshakes搖動(dòng)singsangsungsingingsings唱speakspokespokenspeakingspeaks講stealstolestolenstealingsteals偷swimswamswumswimmingswims游泳taketooktakentakingtakes拿、帶throwthrewthrownthrowingthrows扔wakewokewokenwakingwakes喚醒wearworewornwearingwears穿戴writewrotewrittenwritingwrites寫AAA型原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)分/動(dòng)

23、名詞三單中文costcostcostcostingcosts花費(fèi)cutcutcutcuttingcuts砍、切、割hithithithittinghits打、撞hurthurthurthurtinghurts傷害letletletlettinglets讓putputputputtingputs放置readreadreadreadingreads讀setsetsetsettingsets設(shè)置、搭建shutshutshutshuttingshuts關(guān)閉ABA型原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)分/動(dòng)名詞三單中文becomebecamebecomebecomingbecomes成為comecamecomecomi

24、ngcomes來(lái)overcomeovercameovercomeovercomingovercomes克服runranrunrunningruns跑ABB型原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)分/動(dòng)名詞三單中文understandunderstoodunderstoodunderstandingunderstands理解、明白bringbroughtbroughtbringingbrings帶來(lái)buildbuiltbuiltbuildingbuilds建造burnburned/burntburned/burntburningburns燃燒buyboughtboughtbuyingbuys買catchcaugh

25、tcaughtcatchingcatches抓住、趕上dealdealtdealtdealingdeals處理digdugdugdiggingdigs挖feedfedfedfeedingfeeds喂養(yǎng)feelfeltfeltfeelingfeels感覺(jué)fightfoughtfoughtfightingfights打架findfoundfoundfindingfinds發(fā)現(xiàn)、找到hanghunghunghanginghangs懸掛hearheardheardhearinghears聽(tīng)holdheldheldholdingholds舉辦keepkeptkeptkeepingkeeps保持learn

26、learned/learntlearned/learntlearninglearns學(xué)習(xí)leaveleftleftleavingleaves離開(kāi)lendlentlentlendinglends借lightlighted/litlightedlightinglights點(diǎn)燃loselostlostlosingloses丟失makemademademakingmakes制造meanmeantmeantmeaningmeans意味meetmetmetmeetingmeets遇見(jiàn)paypaidpaidpayingpays付給saysaidsaidsayingsays說(shuō)sellsoldsoldselli

27、ngsells賣sendsentsentsendingsends送shineshoneshoneshiningshines照耀showshowedshowed/shownshowingshows展示sitsatsatsittingsits坐sleepsleptsleptsleepingsleeps睡覺(jué)spendspentspentspendingspends花費(fèi)、度過(guò)standstoodstoodstandingstands站、忍受sweepsweptsweptsweepingsweeps清掃teachtaughttaughtteachingteaches教telltoldtoldtellin

28、gtells告訴thinkthoughtthoughtthinkingthinks思考winwonwonwinningwins贏得4各人稱的不同代詞形式類別人稱“、一、人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves必*第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselvesO

29、ne【楊浦】IV.Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms(用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子)(共8分)Thecluborganizesshorttripstothemountains,museums,andsoon.(beach)Afteryearspractice,theboybecameaveryfamous(art)Thelovefromourparentistheloveintheworld(deep)ItalybeatFranceby6:4,andwonthechampionshipforthetime(f

30、our)Theweatherisveryatthistimeofyear.(change)Heplayedthepianosothatalotofpeoplelostthemselvesinit.(beautiful)PeoplearewonderinghowMalasiaAirlineFlightMH370couldoffradar.(appear)Itsadsbirthdayandweregoingoutforamealto(celebration)Keys:54.beaches55.artist56.deepest57.fourth58.changeable59.beautifully6

31、0.disappear61.celebrateV.Rewritethefollowingsentencesasrequired(根據(jù)所給要求，改寫下列句子，每空格限填一詞)(共14分)Sallyhadtofinishherhomeworkbeforedinner.(改為否定句)Sallytofinishherhomeworkbeforedinner.Mymotherpreferstopayforthingsbycreditcard.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))yourmotherprefertopayforthings.Thedriverandtheinjuredpassengersweresenttothehospitalimmediately.(保持句意基本不變)Thedriverandtheinjuredpassengersweresenttothehospital.ThebookcasewastooheavyforlittleSusantolift.(保持句意基本不變)ThebookcasewasheavylittleSusancouldntliftit.HaveyoufinishedyourprojectonFr