英語(yǔ)議論文結(jié)構(gòu)-供參考

1、(一) 英文議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)要求文章結(jié)構(gòu)必須十分嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，文章各個(gè)部分的功能都要十分清晰，開頭、中間和結(jié)尾都有嚴(yán)格的要求。英語(yǔ)議論文共有三大特點(diǎn)：1、 觀點(diǎn)鮮明的開頭;2、 緊扣主題的結(jié)尾;3、 有主題句并且銜接自然的中間段落另外，英語(yǔ)文章和漢語(yǔ)不同的是段落的主題句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的寫作習(xí)慣放在段落的中間或者最后，換句話說(shuō)，每段的內(nèi)容都是根據(jù)首句來(lái)展開的，其順序不能顛倒。 在中心統(tǒng)一這個(gè)問(wèn)題,應(yīng)該遵循英文議論文的寫作思路和習(xí)慣：表示支持則旗幟鮮明地支徹徹底底地反對(duì)，而不能采取“墻頭草兩邊倒”的做法。（二) 作文開頭1-1 對(duì)立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向

2、于某一看法,適用于有爭(zhēng)議性的主題.1. When asked about., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that . But I think/view a bit differently.2. When it comes to . , some people believe that . Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I

3、tend to the profer/latter .)3. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that . They claim/believe/argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether.1-2 現(xiàn)象法 引出要剖析的現(xiàn)象或者問(wèn)題, 然后評(píng)論 .1. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) . has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.2.

4、 Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of .has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention)3.Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality . is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.1-3 觀點(diǎn)法 -開門見(jiàn)山,直接了當(dāng)?shù)靥岢鲎约簩?duì)要討論的問(wèn)題的看法.1. Never history

5、 has the change of . been as evident as .Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of . been more visible/popular than.2. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that.3. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to.Now people

6、 become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of .4. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.1-4 引用法 - 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 來(lái)引出文章要展開論述的觀點(diǎn)!1. Knowledge is power. such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people .Education is not comp

7、lete with gradulation. Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion.2. How often we hear such statements/words like thoses/this .In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this .1-5 比較法 - 通過(guò)對(duì)過(guò)去,現(xiàn)在 兩種不同的傾向,觀點(diǎn)的比較 , 引出文章要討論的觀點(diǎn).1

8、. For years, .had been viewed as . But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing . , people . .2. People used to think that . (In the past, .) But people now share this new .1-6 問(wèn)題法 - 先用討論或解答的設(shè)問(wèn), 引出自己觀點(diǎn), 適用于有爭(zhēng)議性的話題.Should/What . ? Options of . vary greatly , some ., others .But in my opin

9、ion , . .（三）作文結(jié)尾結(jié)尾萬(wàn)能公式一：如此結(jié)論。說(shuō)完了，畢竟要?dú)w納一番，比如下面的例子：obviously（此為過(guò)渡短語(yǔ)）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 更多過(guò)渡短語(yǔ)：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus更多句型：thus, it can be concluded that, therefore, we can find that結(jié)尾萬(wàn)能公式二：如此

10、建議如果說(shuō)“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒(méi)用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是最有價(jià)值的廢話了. obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.更多句型：accordingly, i recommend that some measures be taken.consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.（四）過(guò)渡詞層次：5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（強(qiáng)烈推薦）6

11、）to start with, next, in addition, finally（強(qiáng)烈推薦）7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（強(qiáng)烈推薦）8）most important of all, moreover, finally9）on the one hand, on the other hand（適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況）10）for one thing, for another thing（適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況）用以解釋的過(guò)渡詞now, in addition, for, in this case, furthermore, in fac

12、t表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的過(guò)渡詞certainly, indeed, above all, after all, surely, most important表示限制的過(guò)渡詞however, although, though, yet, except for 用以舉例的過(guò)渡詞for example, for instance, thus, such, next表示遞進(jìn)或補(bǔ)充的過(guò)渡詞in addition，furthermore，also，moreover，yet用以表示比較的過(guò)渡詞like, in the same way, similarly, equally important, too表示讓步的過(guò)渡詞

13、although, nevertheless, of curse, after all, clearly, still, yet用以解釋的過(guò)渡詞now, in addition, for, in this case, furthermore, in fact用以表述結(jié)果的過(guò)渡詞therefore, as a result, consequently, then，thereby，thus，hence，accordingly, so, otherwise用以表示總結(jié)的過(guò)渡詞to sum up, finally, at last, in conclusion, in summary in short

14、，in a word，in the long run，四級(jí)聽(tīng)力重點(diǎn)主題與場(chǎng)景分析機(jī)場(chǎng)地點(diǎn) Security check（安檢處） Gate（登機(jī)口） Terminal （航站樓） Check-in counter （換票柜臺(tái)） Customs （海關(guān)） 2. 機(jī)場(chǎng)人物 Airhostess/stewardess （空姐） steward （空哥、空少） flight attendant （飛機(jī)乘務(wù)員）3. 飛機(jī)動(dòng)作 Take off/land （起飛、降落） ascend/descend（上升、下降） postpone/delay/cancel （推遲、延遲、取消） 二、餐廳 重點(diǎn)1點(diǎn)菜： O

15、rder menu wine list （酒單） alcohol steak French Fries （薯?xiàng)l）2. 埋單：Check the bill please!（埋單！） Treat （請(qǐng)客） split the bill （分開付）Reservation （高頻詞,預(yù)定）三、校園生活圖書館 1.書籍：journal 學(xué)術(shù)類刊物 volume 卷 current/back issue 現(xiàn)/過(guò)刊 periodical 期刊 2.人物：librarian 圖書管理員Campus life 校園生活 1 作業(yè)詞匯：assignment paper essays book/research r

16、eport composition 作文 textbook教科書/reference book參考書(07-6) copy 副本搭配詞匯還有：be through with sth 結(jié)束，完成（兩次考到）due 到期 have sbs hands full with sth 忙于做某事（07-12） 2 課程形式詞匯： Seminar（研討會(huì)）optional course/elective （選修課） compulsory course/requirement （必修課） presentation （多次考到，展示或演示課）3 名稱 freshman(大一) sophomore（大二） ju

17、nior（大三） senior（大四） graduate(畢業(yè)生) undergraduate （在校生，本科生） postgraduate （研究生） tutor(導(dǎo)師) graduate school （研究生院）Job hunting 求職 (長(zhǎng)對(duì)話重點(diǎn))Job applicant candidate (候選人) apply for application Position/post （多次考到。職位） resume (簡(jiǎn)歷，注意發(fā)音，多次考到) recruit （連續(xù)考到。招聘） benefit (package) （福利，兩次考到） paid vacation （帶薪假期） soci

18、al security （美國(guó)的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)） relocation expenses （異地補(bǔ)償費(fèi)用） phased retirement (08-12 階段性退休) hotel consultant (08-6 酒店咨詢) sales manager（08-12 銷售經(jīng)理） Administrative work （08-12 行政工作） 作文一： 假設(shè)你在某日某時(shí)某地目擊一起車禍，就此寫一份見(jiàn)證書。見(jiàn)證書須包括以下幾點(diǎn)： 1.車禍發(fā)生的時(shí)間及地點(diǎn)2.你所見(jiàn)到的車禍情況3.你對(duì)車禍原因的分析An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident作文二Credit Cards. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 越來(lái)越多的人使用信用卡， 信用卡