新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫教程四Unit 1

1、Unit One：Section AThe Tail of FameLead-inOur topic today is “Fame”. Q1： What is fame？ Fame refers to the state of being popular with a lot of people as a result of ones achievement. Whether or not to gain fame, therefore, is often seen as a good test for ones success in life. Now lets proceed with o

2、ur topic-centered lead-in.Q2: What do people seek fame for? For a rise in social position? For abundance of wealth? For drowning in fames glory? For refinement of social taste? For assimilation into high society?Q3: What side effects does fame seeking exert on one? Will it lead to the loss of your i

3、dentity? Will it result in a life far from your original wishes? Will it deprive you of the freedom to express yourself freely?New Words in Section ANew Words in Section A1. chase vt u e.g. The kids chased each other in the garden. Chase girl. 沒有人在追我，時(shí)間在追我。 2. pessimistic a. I am deeply pessimistic

4、about the future. 這聽起來像是本末倒置，是不必要的悲觀。這聽起來像是本末倒置，是不必要的悲觀。This may sound like putting the cart before the horse and being unnecessarily pessimistic. New Words in Section ANew Words in Section A3. bankrupt a. 除非利息降低，否則許多小企業(yè)將破產(chǎn)。除非利息降低，否則許多小企業(yè)將破產(chǎn)。Many small businesses will go bankrupt unless interest rat

5、es fall. 4. worship vt. 我們都要有崇拜的英雄，無(wú)論他們是運(yùn)動(dòng)員、我們都要有崇拜的英雄，無(wú)論他們是運(yùn)動(dòng)員、 電影明星還是政治家。電影明星還是政治家。 We all want heroes to worship, be they sportsmen, film stars, or politicians. As a child, I worshipped my older brother.New Words in Section ANew Words in Section A5. spur vt. 我們鼓勵(lì)他們做出更大的努力我們鼓勵(lì)他們做出更大的努力。 We spurred

6、 them on to greater efforts. 是當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上一篇文章最終促使他采取了行動(dòng)。是當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上一篇文章最終促使他采取了行動(dòng)。 It was an article in the local newspaper that finally spurred him into action。6. drown vt. 1）沉浸于；）沉浸于；2）（使）淹死）（使）淹死 這個(gè)國(guó)家債臺(tái)高筑。這個(gè)國(guó)家債臺(tái)高筑。 我們被數(shù)據(jù)包圍，可是卻缺乏信息。我們被數(shù)據(jù)包圍，可是卻缺乏信息。New Words in Section ANew Words in Section A The country is d

7、rowning in debt. We were drowning in data but starved of information.2）Last night a boy was drowned in the river.7. exploit vt. 我們需要確保盡可能充分地利用資源。我們需要確保盡可能充分地利用資源。 We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible.8. idle a. Thousands of workers are idle now that the car factori

8、es have closed.New Words in Section ANew Words in Section A汽車廠的關(guān)閉使數(shù)千人無(wú)事可做。汽車廠的關(guān)閉使數(shù)千人無(wú)事可做。9. bore vt. / bored a.vt. I wont bore you with all the technical details. The long novel bored me to death.a. Its easy to get bored doing the same thing every day.注意：注意：bored 和和boring的區(qū)別的區(qū)別10. sustain vt. 1）to m

9、ake something continue to exist for a period of time 他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無(wú)法維持對(duì)那份工作的興趣。他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無(wú)法維持對(duì)那份工作的興趣。New Words in Section ANew Words in Section AHe found that he couldnt sustain his interest in the job. 這位演講者成功地使聽眾的注意力保持到了最后。這位演講者成功地使聽眾的注意力保持到了最后。The speaker succeeded in sustaining the listeners attention right

10、 to the very end.2）to give someone strength, energy or hope 一頓豐盛的早餐能維持我們一天的精力。一頓豐盛的早餐能維持我們一天的精力。A good breakfast will sustain us through the day.11. minute a. They shouldnt be loaded down with minute and unimportant details.New Words in Section ANew Words in Section A不應(yīng)讓他們被這些瑣碎的事壓垮。不應(yīng)讓他們被這些瑣碎的事壓垮。12

11、. discount vt. & n.1) 忽視；低估忽視；低估 科學(xué)家們對(duì)他的地震預(yù)測(cè)方法不予理會(huì)?？茖W(xué)家們對(duì)他的地震預(yù)測(cè)方法不予理會(huì)。Scientists discounted his method of predicting earthquake.2）降低價(jià)格；打折）降低價(jià)格；打折All sale items have been heavily discounted.n. 我買這雙鞋打了我買這雙鞋打了6折。折。I bought the pair of shoes at a 40% discount.New Words in Section ANew Words in Sectio

12、n A13. distinct a.1) The Spanish temperament is distinct from that of the Portuguese.西班牙人的氣質(zhì)明顯有別于葡萄牙。西班牙人的氣質(zhì)明顯有別于葡萄牙。2) These are modern buildings with distinct national style.這些是具有明顯民族風(fēng)格的現(xiàn)代建筑。這些是具有明顯民族風(fēng)格的現(xiàn)代建筑。14. contaminate vt. The food was contaminated during the production process.這食品在生產(chǎn)過程中被污染。這

13、食品在生產(chǎn)過程中被污染。New Words in Section ANew Words in Section A15. underline vt.1)All the mistakes had been underlined.2) He underlined the importance of the question.16. object vi.object to 當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穹磳?duì)那個(gè)發(fā)展計(jì)劃。當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穹磳?duì)那個(gè)發(fā)展計(jì)劃。Local residents objects to the proposed development.17. accuse sb. of sth.They accused him

14、 of incompetence.New Words in Section ANew Words in Section A18. justify vt. It is difficult to justify such behavior.19. single-minded a.a. + n.ed 具有什么特征的具有什么特征的 light-hearted; open-minded ; cold-hearted near-sighted; broad-minded 20. desperate a. He is desperate for a job to support his family.21.

15、 desperately ad. She desperately wanted her article published.1.Ernest HemingwayDetailed study of the TextDetailed study of the TextPara.1participate in:take part in or become involved in an activityto participate in ones own destruction:參與自我毀滅參與自我毀滅The Translation of Para. 1 藝術(shù)家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追藝術(shù)家追

16、求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了繼續(xù)追逐不知還能做些什么。成功之到手，除了繼續(xù)追逐不知還能做些什么。成功之殘酷正在于它常常讓那些追逐成功者自尋毀滅。殘酷正在于它常常讓那些追逐成功者自尋毀滅。 Detailed study of the TextDetailed study of the TextPara. 2A day job refers to the normal job where one earns most of their money.to quit/ give up/ leave ones day job:丟掉有固定收入丟掉有固定收入的工作的工作A budding ari

17、st is one who is beginning to develop or show signs of future success in a particilar area.（嶄露頭角的藝術(shù)家）嶄露頭角的藝術(shù)家）at best:even when considered in the most positive way 至多，充其量；最樂觀地說至多，充其量；最樂觀地說end up: finally be in a particular situation or place最終；結(jié)果最終；結(jié)果Detailed study of the TextDetailed study of the T

18、extto spur sb. to:激勵(lì)某人向前激勵(lì)某人向前to drown in fames imperial glory:沉浸在成功后的沉浸在成功后的無(wú)上光榮中無(wú)上光榮中TranslationTranslation 對(duì)一名正努力追求成功并剛剛嶄露頭角的藝術(shù)家，對(duì)一名正努力追求成功并剛剛嶄露頭角的藝術(shù)家，其親朋常常會(huì)建議其親朋常常會(huì)建議 “正經(jīng)的飯碗不能丟！正經(jīng)的飯碗不能丟！” 他們的擔(dān)心他們的擔(dān)心不無(wú)道理。追求出人頭地，最樂觀地說也困難重重，許多不無(wú)道理。追求出人頭地，最樂觀地說也困難重重，許多人到最后即使不是窮困潦倒，也是幾近精神崩潰。盡管如人到最后即使不是窮困潦倒，也是幾近精神崩潰。盡

19、管如此，希望贏得追星族追捧和同行贊揚(yáng)之類的不太純潔的動(dòng)此，希望贏得追星族追捧和同行贊揚(yáng)之類的不太純潔的動(dòng)機(jī)卻在激勵(lì)著他們向前。享受成功的無(wú)上光榮，這種誘惑機(jī)卻在激勵(lì)著他們向前。享受成功的無(wú)上光榮，這種誘惑不是能輕易抵擋的。不是能輕易抵擋的。General IdeaThough the conquest of fame is difficult at best, the lure of fame is hard to resist.Detailed study of the TextDetailed study of the TextPara. 3exploit ones talent for

20、sing:發(fā)揮唱歌特長(zhǎng)發(fā)揮唱歌特長(zhǎng)hasten ones popularity:加速某人走紅加速某人走紅sbs ride on the express elevator to the top:某人青云直某人青云直上上be hard-pressed to do sth.:have difficulity doing sth. 做某事有困難做某事有困難a lack of continuity in ones appeal:缺乏吸引力缺乏吸引力Flavor of the month means an idea, person, style,etc. that is very popular at a

21、 particular time, but only for a shotr while. 風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的人或物風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的人或物make minute changes to sth.:稍加改動(dòng)某事稍加改動(dòng)某事run a/the risk of :冒險(xiǎn)；有冒險(xiǎn)；有.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)lose sb.s favor:失寵失寵Detailed study of the TextDetailed study of the TextTranslationTranslation 成名者之所以成名，大多是因?yàn)榘l(fā)揮了自己在歌唱、成名者之所以成名，大多是因?yàn)榘l(fā)揮了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、繪畫或?qū)懽鞯确矫娴奶亻L(zhǎng)，并能形成自己的風(fēng)格。

22、舞蹈、繪畫或?qū)懽鞯确矫娴奶亻L(zhǎng)，并能形成自己的風(fēng)格。為了能迅速走紅，經(jīng)紀(jì)人會(huì)極力吹捧他們的這種風(fēng)格。他為了能迅速走紅，經(jīng)紀(jì)人會(huì)極力吹捧他們的這種風(fēng)格。他們青云直上的過程讓人看不清楚。他們究竟是怎么成功的，們青云直上的過程讓人看不清楚。他們究竟是怎么成功的，大多數(shù)人也都說不上來。盡管如此，藝術(shù)家仍然不能閑下大多數(shù)人也都說不上來。盡管如此，藝術(shù)家仍然不能閑下來。來。 若表演者、畫家或作家感到厭煩，他們的作品就難若表演者、畫家或作家感到厭煩，他們的作品就難以繼續(xù)保持以前的吸引力，也就難以保持公眾的注意力。以繼續(xù)保持以前的吸引力，也就難以保持公眾的注意力。公眾的熱情消磨以后，就會(huì)去追捧下一個(gè)走紅的人。公

23、眾的熱情消磨以后，就會(huì)去追捧下一個(gè)走紅的人。General IdeaEven if an artist succeeded by developing their own talent, it would be hard to keep the audiences last enthusiasm.Detailed study of the TextDetailed study of the TextTranslationTranslation 有些藝術(shù)家為了不落伍，會(huì)對(duì)他們的有些藝術(shù)家為了不落伍，會(huì)對(duì)他們的寫作、跳舞或唱歌的風(fēng)格稍加變動(dòng)，但這寫作、跳舞或唱歌的風(fēng)格稍加變動(dòng)，但這將冒極大的失寵的

24、危險(xiǎn)。公眾對(duì)于他們藉將冒極大的失寵的危險(xiǎn)。公眾對(duì)于他們藉以成名的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格以外的任何形式都將不以成名的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格以外的任何形式都將不屑一顧。屑一顧。 Detailed study of the TextDetailed study of the TextPara 4TranslationTranslation 知名作家的文風(fēng)一眼就能看出來，如田納西知名作家的文風(fēng)一眼就能看出來，如田納西威廉斯的威廉斯的戲劇、歐內(nèi)斯特戲劇、歐內(nèi)斯特海明威的情節(jié)安排、羅伯特海明威的情節(jié)安排、羅伯特弗羅斯特或弗羅斯特或T.S.艾略特的詩(shī)歌等。同樣，像莫奈、雷諾阿、達(dá)利這樣艾略特的詩(shī)歌等。同樣，像莫奈、雷諾阿、達(dá)利這樣的畫

25、家，希區(qū)柯克、費(fèi)里尼、斯皮爾伯格、陳凱歌或張藝的畫家，希區(qū)柯克、費(fèi)里尼、斯皮爾伯格、陳凱歌或張藝謀這樣的電影制作人也是如此。他們鮮明獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格謀這樣的電影制作人也是如此。他們鮮明獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格標(biāo)志著與別人不同的藝術(shù)形式上的重大變革，這讓他們名標(biāo)志著與別人不同的藝術(shù)形式上的重大變革，這讓他們名利雙收，但也讓他們付出了代價(jià)，那就是失去了用其他風(fēng)利雙收，但也讓他們付出了代價(jià)，那就是失去了用其他風(fēng)格或形式表現(xiàn)自我的自由。格或形式表現(xiàn)自我的自由。General IdeaSuccessful and famous artists often have a distinctive style. But

26、this also limits them in that they dont have the freedom to express themselves with other styles or forms.Detailed study of the TextDetailed study of the TextPara 5It takes sb. out of :使得某人缺乏使得某人缺乏TranslationTranslation 名氣這盞聚光燈可比熱帶叢林還要炙熱。騙名氣這盞聚光燈可比熱帶叢林還要炙熱。騙局很快會(huì)被揭穿，過多的關(guān)注帶來的壓力會(huì)讓大局很快會(huì)被揭穿，過多的關(guān)注帶來的壓力會(huì)讓大

27、多數(shù)人難以承受。它讓你失去自我。你必須是公多數(shù)人難以承受。它讓你失去自我。你必須是公眾認(rèn)可的那個(gè)你，而不是真實(shí)的你或是可能的你。眾認(rèn)可的那個(gè)你，而不是真實(shí)的你或是可能的你。藝人，就像政客一樣，必須常常說些違心或連自藝人，就像政客一樣，必須常常說些違心或連自己都不完全相信的話來取悅聽眾。己都不完全相信的話來取悅聽眾。 General IdeaThe pressure to keep public attention can be too much for some artists. They have to please the audience sometimes against their

28、own will.Detailed study of the TextDetailed study of the TextPara 6contaminate the well of ones soul:污染心靈之井污染心靈之井be intimate with: involve or have a sexual relationship with; have a close friendshipwith 與與.有有染；與染；與.關(guān)系密切關(guān)系密切be expelled from:被開除；驅(qū)逐被開除；驅(qū)逐at ones/ its worst: as bad or unpleasant as some

29、one or something can be 在某人或某事最糟糕的時(shí)候在某人或某事最糟糕的時(shí)候risk ones name in sb.s defence:冒名聲之險(xiǎn)替某人冒名聲之險(xiǎn)替某人說話說話Detailed study of the TextDetailed study of the TextTranslationTranslation 一滴名氣之水有可能玷污人的心靈這一整口一滴名氣之水有可能玷污人的心靈這一整口井，因此一個(gè)藝術(shù)家若能保持真我，會(huì)格外讓人井，因此一個(gè)藝術(shù)家若能保持真我，會(huì)格外讓人驚嘆。你可能答不上來哪些人沒有妥協(xié)，卻仍然驚嘆。你可能答不上來哪些人沒有妥協(xié)，卻仍然在這場(chǎng)名

30、利的游戲中獲勝。一個(gè)例子就是愛爾蘭在這場(chǎng)名利的游戲中獲勝。一個(gè)例子就是愛爾蘭著名作家奧斯卡著名作家奧斯卡王爾德，他在社交行為和性行為王爾德，他在社交行為和性行為方面以我行我素而聞名于世。雖然他的行為遭到方面以我行我素而聞名于世。雖然他的行為遭到公眾的反對(duì)，卻依然故我，他也因此付出了慘痛公眾的反對(duì)，卻依然故我，他也因此付出了慘痛的代價(jià)。的代價(jià)。General Idea It is hard to find an artist who is both successful and uncompromising. The example of Oscar Wilde is provided as a

31、n illustration.Detailed study of the TextDetailed study of the Text 在一次宴會(huì)上，他一位密友的母親當(dāng)著他的在一次宴會(huì)上，他一位密友的母親當(dāng)著他的朋友和崇拜者的面，指責(zé)他在性方面影響了她的朋友和崇拜者的面，指責(zé)他在性方面影響了她的兒子。他聽了她的話以后大為光火，起訴了這個(gè)兒子。他聽了她的話以后大為光火，起訴了這個(gè)年輕人的母親，聲稱她毀了自己的年輕人的母親，聲稱她毀了自己的 “好好” 名聲。名聲。但是，他真該請(qǐng)一個(gè)更好的律師。結(jié)果是，法官但是，他真該請(qǐng)一個(gè)更好的律師。結(jié)果是，法官不僅不支持他提出的讓這個(gè)女人賠償他名譽(yù)損失不僅不支持

32、他提出的讓這個(gè)女人賠償他名譽(yù)損失費(fèi)的請(qǐng)求，反而對(duì)他本人進(jìn)行了罰款。他由于拒費(fèi)的請(qǐng)求，反而對(duì)他本人進(jìn)行了罰款。他由于拒交罰款最終還被送進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。更糟糕的是，他再交罰款最終還被送進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。更糟糕的是，他再也無(wú)法獲得更多公眾的寵愛。在最糟糕的時(shí)候，也無(wú)法獲得更多公眾的寵愛。在最糟糕的時(shí)候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有一個(gè)人愿意拿自己的名聲冒險(xiǎn)來替他他發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有一個(gè)人愿意拿自己的名聲冒險(xiǎn)來替他說話。為保持真我，他付出的代價(jià)是，在最需要說話。為保持真我，他付出的代價(jià)是，在最需要崇拜者時(shí)，誰(shuí)也不理他。崇拜者時(shí)，誰(shuí)也不理他。Detailed study of the TextDetailed study of the Text

33、Para 7TranslationTranslation 奇怪的是，收獲最大的恰恰是失敗者。他們奇怪的是，收獲最大的恰恰是失敗者。他們收獲了自由！他們可以自由地表達(dá)，獨(dú)辟蹊徑，收獲了自由！他們可以自由地表達(dá)，獨(dú)辟蹊徑，不落窠臼，不用擔(dān)心失去崇拜者的支持。失敗的不落窠臼，不用擔(dān)心失去崇拜者的支持。失敗的藝術(shù)家尋求安慰時(shí)，可以想想許多偉大的藝術(shù)家藝術(shù)家尋求安慰時(shí)，可以想想許多偉大的藝術(shù)家都是過世多年以后才成名，或是他們沒有出賣自都是過世多年以后才成名，或是他們沒有出賣自己。他們也可以為自己的失敗辯解：自己的才華己。他們也可以為自己的失敗辯解：自己的才華實(shí)在過于高深，不是當(dāng)代聽眾或觀眾所理解得了實(shí)在

34、過于高深，不是當(dāng)代聽眾或觀眾所理解得了的。的。General IdeaOddly, those who fail reap the greatest reward and enjoy the freedom to express themselves in the style they like. And they even comfort themselves that their genius is too sophisticated for contemporary audiences.Detailed study of the TextDetailed study of the Tex

35、tPara 8come upon:find sth. or meet someone unexpectedly 想到；偶遇想到；偶遇throw out: 開除；解雇開除；解雇TranslationTranslation 那些失敗了卻仍不肯放棄的頑固派也許會(huì)樂于知道，那些失敗了卻仍不肯放棄的頑固派也許會(huì)樂于知道，某些名人曾經(jīng)如何越挫越勇，直至成功。美國(guó)小說家托馬某些名人曾經(jīng)如何越挫越勇，直至成功。美國(guó)小說家托馬斯斯伍爾芙的第一本小說向家鄉(xiāng)看吧，安琪兒被拒伍爾芙的第一本小說向家鄉(xiāng)看吧，安琪兒被拒3939次后，才最終得以出版。貝多芬戰(zhàn)勝了父親認(rèn)為他毫無(wú)音次后，才最終得以出版。貝多芬戰(zhàn)勝了父親認(rèn)為他毫

36、無(wú)音樂家潛質(zhì)的偏見，成為世界上最偉大的音樂家。樂家潛質(zhì)的偏見，成為世界上最偉大的音樂家。 Detailed study of the TextDetailed study of the Text 19 19世紀(jì)瑞士著名教育家裴斯泰洛齊原先世紀(jì)瑞士著名教育家裴斯泰洛齊原先干的工作沒有一件成功，直到他想到去教干的工作沒有一件成功，直到他想到去教小孩子，并研究出一種新型教育模式的基小孩子，并研究出一種新型教育模式的基礎(chǔ)理論。托馬斯礎(chǔ)理論。托馬斯愛迪生在四年級(jí)時(shí)被趕出愛迪生在四年級(jí)時(shí)被趕出了學(xué)校，因?yàn)槔蠋熡X得他似乎太遲鈍。但了學(xué)校，因?yàn)槔蠋熡X得他似乎太遲鈍。但不幸的是，對(duì)大多數(shù)人而言，失敗是奮斗不幸的

37、是，對(duì)大多數(shù)人而言，失敗是奮斗的結(jié)束，而不是開始。的結(jié)束，而不是開始。General IdeaFailure has motivated some artists to work even harder to succeed. Unfortunately not many people follow their examples.Detailed study of the TextDetailed study of the TextPara 9TranslationTranslation 對(duì)那些孤注一擲的追名逐利之徒，我要說：對(duì)那些孤注一擲的追名逐利之徒，我要說：祝你們好運(yùn)。但是，遺憾的是，你

38、會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這不是祝你們好運(yùn)。但是，遺憾的是，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這不是你想得到的。狗自逐其尾所得到的只是一條尾巴你想得到的。狗自逐其尾所得到的只是一條尾巴而已。獲得成功的人常常發(fā)現(xiàn)成功對(duì)他來說弊大而已。獲得成功的人常常發(fā)現(xiàn)成功對(duì)他來說弊大于利。所以要為真實(shí)的你、為自己的所為感到高于利。所以要為真實(shí)的你、為自己的所為感到高興，而不是拼命去獲得成功。做那些你為之感到興，而不是拼命去獲得成功。做那些你為之感到驕傲的事情?？赡茉谟猩昴隳瑹o(wú)聞，但你驕傲的事情?？赡茉谟猩昴隳瑹o(wú)聞，但你可能創(chuàng)作了更好的藝術(shù)?？赡軇?chuàng)作了更好的藝術(shù)。General IdeaPeople may find that once the

39、y have conquered fame, it is not really what they want. So they should do what they are happy with. The result might be that you are not famous but you may create better art.Key to ExercisesKey to ExercisesVocabularyIII1. idle 2. justify 3. discount 4. distinct5. minute 6.accused 7. object 8. contam

40、inate 9. sustain 10. worship IV.1. accusing. of 2. end up 3. came upon4. at her worst 5. pay for 6. run a risk of 7. participate in 8. other than 9. object to/objected to 10. at bestKey to ExercisesKey to ExercisesV.1. K 2. G 3. C 4. E 5. N 6. o 7. I 8. L 9. A 10. DWord building VII. 1. justify 2. g

41、lorify 3. exemplifies 4. classified 5. purified 6. intensify 7. identify 8. terrified Key to ExercisesKey to ExercisesVIII. 1. bravery 2. jewelry 3. delivery 4. machinery 5. robbery 6. nursery 7. scenery 8. discovery Translation XI.1.The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which

42、it has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. Key to ExercisesKey to Exercises3. Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4.We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5. Even Be