(名師整理)最新英語(yǔ)沖刺中考“抗擊新冠疫情”熱點(diǎn)專題《選詞填空題》精講精練(含答案)

1、【2020抗擊疫情熱點(diǎn)】中考英語(yǔ)選詞填空：握手是怎么成為通用的問(wèn)候方式的？選詞填空：（握手是怎么成為通用的問(wèn)候方式的？）閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。導(dǎo)讀：為了阻止新冠病毒的傳播，人們已經(jīng)停止握手，改為其他問(wèn)候方 式。握手是從什么時(shí)候起成為現(xiàn)代通用的問(wèn)候方式的呢？歷史學(xué)家表 示，這個(gè)真不太好說(shuō)。When did shaking hands become a standard way of greeting someone?重點(diǎn)詞匯has been 已經(jīng)two figures 兩位數(shù)clasping握緊;攥緊；抓緊；抱緊；緊緊

2、擁抱；扣緊；扣住；扣牢；clasp的現(xiàn)在分詞As You Like隨你的便;任便 swore brothers【法】結(jié)義弟兄，盟兄弟iseem like 仿佛似的pored專心IMJ讀；鉆研；沉思；深思熟慮；pore的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式but happen forever faith ancientdate use who notice whenShaking hands seems like a gesture that has been around 1 Indeed, a throne base from the reign of ancient Assyria's Shalman

3、eser III in the 9th century BCE clearly shows two figures clasping hands. TheIliad （伊禾U 亞德），usually 2 to the 8th century BCE, mentions that two characters “ claspedeach other's hands and pledged their 3. ” Centuries later, Shakespeare wrote iAs You Like It （皆大歡喜）that two characters “shookhands a

4、nd swore brothers. It" might seem like shaking hands is an 4 custom, the roots of which are lost to the sands of time.Except.Historians 5 have pored over old etiquette books have 6t appear unthat handshaking in the modern sense of a greeting doesn9mid-19th century, 7 it was considered a slightl

5、y improper gesture that should only be8 with friends. 9 if Shakespeare was writing about shakinghands a few hundred years earlier, what 10?答案：1 forever2 dated3 faith4 ancient5 who6 noticed7 when8 used9 But10 happened中英對(duì)譯：When did shaking hands become a standard way of greeting someone?握手是怎么成為通用的問(wèn)候方式

6、的？Shaking hands seems like a gesture that has been around forever. Indeed, a throne base from the reign of ancient Assyria's Shalmaneser III in the 9th century BCE clearly shows two figures clasping hands. TheIliad （ 伊利 亞德 ） , usually dated to the 8th century BCE, mentions that two characters“ c

7、laspedeach other's hands and pledged their faith. C” enturies later, Shakespeare wrote inAs You Like It （皆大歡喜） that two characters“ shook hands and swore brothers. ” It might seem like shaking hands is an ancient custom, the roots of which are lost to the sands of time.握手作為一種打招呼的方式似乎一直都存在。確實(shí)，公元前

8、 9 世紀(jì)亞述國(guó)王撒縵以色三世統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的寶座上就刻著兩個(gè)人握手的圖案。通常認(rèn)為創(chuàng)作于公元前 8 世紀(jì)的伊利亞德也提到，兩個(gè)角色 “握住彼此的手，以表忠心” 。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)之后，莎士比亞在皆大歡喜中寫道，兩個(gè)角色 “握手并結(jié)為兄弟 ”。握手也許看起來(lái)是一種古老的習(xí)俗，但隨著時(shí)間的流逝，已經(jīng)難以尋根溯源。Except.不過(guò)也未必。Historians who have pored over old etiquette books have noticed that handshaking in the modern sense of a greeting doesn atppear until the

9、 mid-19th century, when it was considered a slightly improper gesture that should only be used with friends. But if Shakespearewas writing about shaking hands a few hundred years earlier, what happened?翻遍禮儀典籍的歷史學(xué)家注意到， 握手作為現(xiàn)代的問(wèn)候方式直到 19 世 紀(jì)中期才出現(xiàn)，當(dāng)時(shí)握手被認(rèn)為是一種有點(diǎn)不得體的姿勢(shì)，只有在朋 友之間才能使用。但既然莎士比亞在幾百年前就把握手寫進(jìn)了書中， 那

10、么這中間發(fā)生了什么呢？中英對(duì)譯，素材積累：DEFINING THE HANDSHAKE握手的內(nèi)涵According to author Torbj?rn Lundmark in his Tales of Hi and Bye: Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the World, the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake. The early handshakesmentioned above were part of making deals orburying the ha

11、tchet （和解；停戰(zhàn)） ; ShalmaneserIII thsrone base references him honoring a treaty with the Babylonian king during a revolt. In the Iliad , Diomedes and Glaucus shook hands when they realized they were “ gue-sftriends, a”nd Diomedes proclaimed “ Let nost try to kill each other. S” hakespearewas similarly

12、referencing settlement of a conflict.根據(jù)作家托爾伯恩 德馬克的著作打招呼的故事：世界各地歡迎和告 別的禮儀，問(wèn)題來(lái)自握手定義的差別。上述的早期握手是達(dá)成協(xié)議或和解的一部分：撒縵以色三世的寶座上刻畫的是他在一次叛亂中履行和巴比倫國(guó)王的合約；在伊利亞德中，狄俄墨得斯和格勞克斯在意識(shí)到他們是 “客人朋友 ” 時(shí)握了手，狄俄墨得斯宣稱 “讓我們不要再與彼此為敵” ；同樣，莎士比亞也是在描述解決沖突的場(chǎng)面。The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to trace. Traditionally, the

13、 origins are often given to the Quakers. But as Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg the chief authority for the history of handshaking wrote in a chapter of an anthology called A Cultural History of Gesture, “More than in any other field, that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian ha

14、s to make the most of only a few clues ”. 作為問(wèn)候方式的現(xiàn)代握手起源更難追溯。傳統(tǒng)上，人們通常認(rèn)為貴格 會(huì)信徒是最早用握手來(lái)打招呼的。但荷蘭社會(huì)學(xué)家赫爾曼盧登伯格 握手史的權(quán)威人物 在選集手勢(shì)的文化歷史的一章中寫道：“和其他領(lǐng)域相比，歷史學(xué)家只能通過(guò)寥寥無(wú)幾的線索來(lái)研究手勢(shì)。 ” One of the earliest clues he cites is a 16th-century German translation of the French writer Rabelais s Gargantua and Pantagruel. When one

15、 character meets Gargantua, Rabelais writes (in one modern English translation), “ hewas greeted with a thousand caresses, a thousand embraces, a thousand good-days. ”But according to Roodenburg, the 16th-century German translation adds references to shaking hands. 他提到的最早的一個(gè)線索是16世紀(jì)法國(guó)作家拉伯雷的巨人傳的德語(yǔ)譯本。在

16、現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)譯本中，當(dāng)一個(gè)角色遇到卡岡都亞時(shí)，拉伯雷寫道： “歡迎他的是一千個(gè)愛撫、一千個(gè)擁抱和一千個(gè)問(wèn)候。 ”但是盧登伯格指出， 16 世紀(jì)的德語(yǔ)譯本提到了握手。There's additional evidence for a handshaking tradition in that era: In 1607 the author James Cleland (believed to have been a Scotsman living in England) proclaimed that instead of things like bowing down to everyon

17、e shoes and kissing hands, he drather “ retaineour good olde Scottish shaking of the two right hands together at meeting with an vncouered head".還有一個(gè)握手傳統(tǒng)起源于那個(gè)年代的證據(jù)：1607年作家詹姆士 克雷蘭 德(據(jù)認(rèn)為是生活在英格蘭的一個(gè)蘇格蘭人)宣稱，與其讓他深深地鞠躬和親吻別人的手，他寧愿 “保持古老的蘇格蘭習(xí)俗，在會(huì)面時(shí)低頭伸出右手相握” 。HANDSHAKING BACK TO THE FUTURE握手的歷史回顧A popula

18、r hypothesis suggests that Cleland stsatements against bowing were actually a wish to go back to a potentially very traditional (though poorly recorded) method of greeting in Europe. As the centuries progressed, handshaking was replaced by more hierarchicalways of greeting like bowing. According to

19、Roodenburg, handshaking survived in a few niches, like in Dutch towns where they udse the gesture to reconcile after disagreements. Around the same time, the Quakers who valued equality also made use of the handshake. Then, as the hierarchies of the continent weakened, the handshake re-emerged as a

20、standard greeting among equals the way it remains today. 一個(gè)流傳較廣的假說(shuō)認(rèn)為，克雷蘭德反對(duì)鞠躬的聲明其實(shí)是想回到歐 洲傳統(tǒng)的問(wèn)候方式 （盡管鮮有記載） 。 幾百年間， 握手被更為 “等級(jí)化 ” 的問(wèn)候方式取代了 比如鞠躬。盧登伯格稱，握手作為打招呼的方 式在一些偏僻的地方保留了下來(lái)，比如荷蘭的某些城鎮(zhèn)居民會(huì)用握手 來(lái)言和。大約在同一時(shí)期，重視平等的貴格會(huì)信徒也采用了握手的問(wèn) 候方式。隨著歐洲大陸的等級(jí)制度被削弱，握手重新成為地位相同的 人之間通用的打招呼方式，直至今日。Not everyone fell in love with th

21、e handshake,however. According to an article from December 1884, “ theusage has found its way into other nations, but so contrary is it to their instinct, that, in France, for example, a society has been recently formed to abolish leshake-hands as a vulgar English innovation. ” 不過(guò)， 不是每個(gè)人都喜歡握手的問(wèn)候方式。 1884 年 12 月的一篇文章曾 寫道： “這種用法已經(jīng)普及到其他國(guó)家，但是法國(guó)人認(rèn)為這實(shí)在有違本 性，于是近日就成立了一個(gè)社團(tuán)來(lái)廢除握手的問(wèn)候方式，認(rèn)為這是粗 俗的英格蘭人的發(fā)明。 ”As for why shaking hands was deemed a good method of greeting, rathe