“高中學(xué)生寫作資源的開(kāi)發(fā)與利用”課題研究結(jié)題報(bào)告

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11、的開(kāi)發(fā)與利用”課題研究結(jié)題報(bào)告龍泉一中孫文群一、課題提出的背景（一）作文是中學(xué)語(yǔ)文教學(xué)的重頭戲，占高考成績(jī)的60 分甚至有更高的趨勢(shì)。在平日教學(xué)中，作文教學(xué)花去教師很多時(shí)間和精力，但效果卻不盡如人意。在 2003 年 11 月份， 我們高二段語(yǔ)文教師曾向200 名學(xué)生作了關(guān)于 “你喜歡作文嗎？為什么？” “你對(duì)作文教學(xué)有何建議？”的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查，結(jié)果有 5的同學(xué) “喜歡” ，10的同學(xué)無(wú)所謂喜不喜歡，85的同學(xué)回答“不喜歡”。歸結(jié)其不喜歡的原因不外乎以下幾條：（1）生活枯燥，平淡無(wú)奇，沒(méi)有什么可寫； （ 2）面對(duì)話題，即使有千言萬(wàn)語(yǔ)，卻不知從何下手；（ 3）絞盡腦汁，搜腸刮肚寫出來(lái)的文章卻“面目可

12、憎”。分析其中原因，主要有：（ 1）學(xué)生對(duì)生活關(guān)心不夠，體驗(yàn)生活不深入，直接生活積累貧乏；（ 2）閱讀較少，從閱讀中所吸收的營(yíng)養(yǎng)更少，間接積累少；（3）寫作手法和技巧、語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力未能過(guò)關(guān)。絕大多數(shù)的學(xué)生建議教師（1）幫助他們解決“無(wú)米之炊”的困境寫作素材的搜集方法；（ 2） 幫助解決 “有米不會(huì)炊”的窘迫寫作素材的應(yīng)用技巧。（二） 新課程改革要求教師必須是課程資源的開(kāi)發(fā)者，利用者。 教師應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)主動(dòng)地有創(chuàng)造性地利用一切可用資源，為教育教學(xué)服務(wù)。教師還應(yīng)該成為學(xué)生利用課程資源的引導(dǎo)者，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生充分利用課程內(nèi)外的一切資源，學(xué)會(huì)多角度地觀察生活，豐富生活經(jīng)歷和情感體驗(yàn)，對(duì)自然、社會(huì)和人生有自己的感

13、受和思考，多方面地積累和運(yùn)用寫作素材。鑒于此， 2004 年 3 月開(kāi)始，我們高二段的4 位語(yǔ)文教師開(kāi)始了關(guān)于“高中學(xué)生寫作資源的開(kāi)發(fā)與利用”的課題研究。 新課標(biāo)中要求學(xué)生“學(xué)會(huì)多角度地觀察生活，豐富生活經(jīng)歷和情感體驗(yàn)，對(duì)自然、 社會(huì)和人生有自己的感受和思考，多方面地積累和運(yùn)用寫作素材。 ”各位課題組教師在平日教學(xué)中，積極開(kāi)發(fā)學(xué)生寫作資源，引進(jìn)作文教學(xué)的“源頭活水 ”，幫助學(xué)生解決寫作時(shí)“無(wú)米下鍋”的困難； 同時(shí)指導(dǎo)和幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用一些寫作技巧和手法，巧用手頭占有的寫作資源，來(lái)提高寫作教學(xué)的質(zhì)量和學(xué)生寫作水平。二、課題研究?jī)?nèi)容與過(guò)程（一）調(diào)查摸底階段。1、課題研究前期，主要利用座談會(huì)形式，了

14、解學(xué)生的作文心態(tài)。2004年 2月，開(kāi)學(xué)伊始，我們召開(kāi)了高二部分同學(xué)座談會(huì)。會(huì)上，同學(xué)們都清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到作文的重要性，也很心急于自己的作文現(xiàn)狀，都急切于作文的提高，只是苦于作文之路“漫漫”且“茫?！睂W(xué)生的寫作動(dòng)機(jī)明確而強(qiáng)烈，這為后續(xù)的作文指導(dǎo)與成功奠定了很好的心理基礎(chǔ)。2、課題研究開(kāi)始，2004 年 4 月 5 月，我們課題組成員主要對(duì)我們高二段的學(xué)生同時(shí)還對(duì)高一和高三學(xué)生（因?yàn)檫@是我們學(xué)生的過(guò)去和未來(lái)）進(jìn)行了學(xué)生課外閱讀情況問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。了解學(xué)生寫作視野，為寫作資源的開(kāi)發(fā)提供路徑和方向。A、調(diào)查結(jié)果與分析說(shuō)明我們課題組制定了高中學(xué)生課外閱讀現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查問(wèn)卷，在我校三個(gè)年級(jí)組發(fā)放了 400 份問(wèn)卷， 收

15、回了 400 份， 其中在高二發(fā)了200 份， 高一和高三分別發(fā)ullstrictlyrule partyis al lmembers common responsibility,must impleme ntationt oeach branchand ea ch namemember s.3 . Playa va nguar d andexemplaryrolein life.Keeptot he correct politi cal orientation, politicalse nsitivityand politicaljudgment,da retofight agai nsta

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27、統(tǒng)計(jì)后得到以下結(jié)果：調(diào)查問(wèn)題：你覺(jué)得中學(xué)生應(yīng)該閱讀嗎？ A、應(yīng)該86%R不應(yīng)該0%C、隨便14%你喜歡課外閱讀嗎？A 、喜歡 60% B 、一般 36% C 、不喜歡4%老師對(duì)同學(xué)課外閱讀的態(tài)度如何？A、 支持51%B 、 反對(duì) 15% C、 任你自己34%（說(shuō)明： 理科班的老師對(duì)學(xué)生課外閱讀的支持率略低于文科班，理科班老師對(duì)學(xué)生課外閱讀的支持率大約為2 5%; 文科班老師對(duì)學(xué)生課外閱讀的支持率大約為8 0%;所有課任老師中，被調(diào)查學(xué)生中普遍認(rèn)為文科對(duì)學(xué)生課外閱讀的支持率最高，達(dá)到1 0 0%。重點(diǎn)班的老師對(duì)學(xué)生課外閱讀的支持率略低于普通班；高一高二的課任老師對(duì)學(xué)生的課外閱讀支持率高于高三的課

28、任老師，隨著年級(jí)的遞增，課任老師對(duì)學(xué)生的課外閱讀支持率越呈遞減趨勢(shì)；高三年級(jí)的課任老師中除語(yǔ)文老師外其他課任老師態(tài)度幾乎一致，學(xué)生只能看看作文書(shū)刊和與考試密切相關(guān)的復(fù)習(xí)資料，其他書(shū)刊一律不能看。）家長(zhǎng)對(duì)子女課外閱讀的態(tài)度如何？A、支持42% B、反對(duì)12% C、任你自己 46%（說(shuō)明： 理科班學(xué)生的家長(zhǎng)對(duì)學(xué)生課外閱讀的支持率大大低于文科班學(xué)生的家長(zhǎng)，理科班家長(zhǎng)對(duì)學(xué)生課外閱讀的支持率大約為1 5%;文科班家長(zhǎng)對(duì)學(xué)生課外閱讀的支持率大約為7 5%;重點(diǎn)班的學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)對(duì)學(xué)生課外閱讀的支持率略低于普通班的學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)；高一高二的學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)對(duì)學(xué)生的課外閱讀支持率高于高三學(xué)生的學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)；隨著年級(jí)的遞增，學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)對(duì)

29、學(xué)生的課外閱讀支持率越呈遞減趨勢(shì)；高三年級(jí)的學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)的態(tài)度與學(xué)校課任老師態(tài)度幾乎驚人的一致，學(xué)生只能看看作文書(shū)刊，其他書(shū)刊一律不能看。甚至有學(xué)生在座談會(huì)上反映：有些家長(zhǎng)連電視上的新聞都不讓看，更不用提課外書(shū)了。）你通過(guò)何種途徑取得課外書(shū)的？ A親自去找62% B、同學(xué)介紹33%C、老師介紹15%（說(shuō)明：座談會(huì)上許多同學(xué)反映，除語(yǔ)文老師經(jīng)常向?qū)W生推薦除學(xué)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)資料以外的課外讀物外，其他老師很少向?qū)W生推薦課外讀物，偶爾推薦一兩回，也只是教輔資料）你喜愛(ài)哪一類的課外書(shū)刊？ A、文學(xué)52% R娛樂(lè)33%C、武俠1 5 %你閱讀的時(shí)間是如何安排的？A、 課外 52%B、 一有時(shí)間就看（ 包括上課）16%

30、 C學(xué)習(xí)之后32%你閱讀課外書(shū)的方式是A、 通讀 71%B、 精讀 24%C、 邊讀邊玩5%你認(rèn)為課外閱讀對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)的提高有無(wú)幫助？A、有幫助7 0 %B、沒(méi)有幫助2 0 % G妨礙學(xué)習(xí)提高1 0 %、經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)一些同學(xué)們進(jìn)行的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和舉行座談會(huì)，我們不難看出絕大多數(shù)同學(xué)覺(jué)得應(yīng)該進(jìn)行課外閱讀，有少部分同學(xué)對(duì)課外閱讀不在意。但是，值得深思的是：有30%學(xué)生的認(rèn)為課外閱讀對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)的提高沒(méi)有幫助甚至妨礙學(xué)習(xí)。不喜歡閱讀的同學(xué)只占少數(shù)，這說(shuō)明課外閱讀還是比較有吸引力的；老師和家長(zhǎng)對(duì)學(xué)生課外也是支持的比例高與不贊成和反對(duì)的比例。那么為什么同學(xué)們總是整天捧著課本、試卷、參考資料不放呢？同學(xué)們?cè)谡{(diào)查問(wèn)卷上填

31、的多數(shù)同學(xué)喜愛(ài)文學(xué)作品，閱讀時(shí)間在課外?？墒菫槭裁催€是有同學(xué)習(xí)在上課看武俠小說(shuō)、娛樂(lè)新聞呢？有的班主任以及課任老師在班上說(shuō)，不許帶其他（除教科書(shū)及其資料）的書(shū)進(jìn)教室，發(fā)現(xiàn)一本沒(méi)收一本。還有同學(xué)在座談會(huì)上反映：有些老師說(shuō)，學(xué)生的任務(wù)是學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)習(xí)就是讀好課本上的東西?？词裁凑n外書(shū)，ullstrictlyrule partyis all memberscommon re sponsibilit y,must impl ementationtoea ch bra nchand each name members.3 . Playavang uard andexemplaryrole in life.

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34、 mind that he isa Communist,strengt hen partyspirit,li steni ngparty, party, party,part y, party partyguardi ng party,at theparty, t he partyfor the party.(3)st rengtheni ng theconsci ousnessofthe partyspurpose.Focuson pestability.F ocusonsome partymembers witnse ofservice ,donot careforthe massesdi

35、 d nottakethe i nitiative,andsomeevenhurt publi cinterests,job, excelle ntthickfriends,eati ng,a ndsoon.Bearingin mindthefundamentalpur poseofservi ng,top peopleat heart, cl osetiesw ith the masses, be kindtonpoverty relief,with practicalacti onsto winthe trustand supportofthe masses.(4) activelypra

36、ctici ng theSocialist core values.Focus on donot observe stri ngent members,knowledgeout ofdev otion,talkabout ethi cs, good faith i s note nough,a ndsomeeven val uedi stortions, moralmisconduct,sexyvulgar,materialisti c,andso on. Strengtheni ng moralcultivation,Z onta for good,payattention to self-

37、di sci pline,spirit ualpursuit,to internalizethecore val uesint oconscious a ction,with exe mplarybehavi or influence and leadpeople.(5) set upin thepractice ofprom oting reform,devel opme ntandpresse d,sayi ng sluggi shagain,justtoget by notseeking guodeying,someevenperfunctorya ddress,evadi ng res

38、ponsibilityand other i ssue s. Activelyadapttothe e conomi c devel opment ofthenew normal, seriously impleme ntthe ne w devel opme nt philosophy, hardw ork hard w ork har d,based ontheir own dedi cation. Second, ont he Councilofthe secti on -level cadres a bove re quireme ntssectionabove party cadre

39、stotakethe lea d inthe educationworking cl oselywit h leadi ng pra ctice,le arn more,better,morestrictrequirements, highe r, andstriveto improv ethe ideol ogicala nd politicalqualityandtheoreti cal levels. 1.ConstitutionParty rules.System learningunderstandingCPCarti cles,i n fullgrasp basiccontent

40、ofbasedS hang ,focusmasterConstituti on mastera nd member s,and par ty oforganization system, andpartyof CentralOrganizati on, a nd partyof pla ceorgani zation, andparty ofspeech learnideepen understanding oftheConstituti -. _ I . cal requirements.1.ConstitunderstandXI GeneralSecretaryserisic spirit

41、, lear-L - Ml understand Ce一- .-s immediatelyondo drop weakbirdfirstflyand theicoordi nation,and green, a nd ope n, andshared development is relatihought moraland Chinese traditionalvirtueprogrammeforadvancefullstriacting politica lnew conceStrategylayout isnewof hind XIGeneralSe cretaryin Fujianw o

42、rk during adv ocate offour grassrootconsci ously withfoura fullled t he work ;(5) insistedi nnovation,andccordingto County arningofthe partyOrganizationDepartment on County two learn ado lear ningarrangementsofspecificprogrammeand IBoardleConstitution,a deepundersta ndi ng ofthepartys nature, pur po

43、se, guiding principle s,goal s, organizati on,goodarninge ducation implementation programmespirit,accordingto distingstyle,grasp conditi ons,rights a nd obligations of partymembers, bearing iutionpr oblemofre quireme nts, ensure le arninge ducation madeeffectived party membercriteria andconditions.L

44、earningthe codeofself-disciplintspe ech spiritarme d mind,and guidepractice,a nd Promotethew ork andbe qualifie d partymembers angs, mastering vari ous typesofdisci plinaryoffence aon a nd party rules andunifytheXIseriesch, GeneralSeheba sic re quireme nts.Ma in understand masterfollowing aspects co

45、ntent:(1)idealfaith is Communists spiritS hang ofcalcium,setrig ht ofworl dvie w, andOutlookonlife, andvalues;(2)China dream is nationalofdream,a nd nationalofdream, a nd people ofdre am,is Chine se modernyilai mostgreat ofdream, core Essential sis nationalprosperit y, andnati onalrevitali zation,an

46、d pe opl e ha ppi ness;(3) Chinafeature sSocialist isa chi evedChine se greatrevival ofway,e nhanced roa d confide nce, and the oryconfide nce, and systemconfide nce ;(4) four afull課本上的東西都學(xué)不好，不許看課外書(shū)。B、調(diào)查啟示通過(guò)這次高中學(xué)生課外閱讀現(xiàn)狀的調(diào)查與研究，我們基本了解學(xué)生的主要精力和主要任務(wù)放課本課內(nèi)的學(xué)習(xí)，盡管有很多學(xué)生有閱讀的愿望，知道閱讀的重要， 但方方面面的原因使他們很少有閑暇進(jìn)行課外閱讀，這

47、對(duì)我們語(yǔ)文科特別是寫作教學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)絕對(duì)不是好事！缺乏課外閱讀，視野就窄，見(jiàn)識(shí)不廣，知識(shí)的積淀少，怎能做到厚積薄發(fā)，下筆如有神呢！了解了學(xué)生閱讀現(xiàn)狀，也清楚了學(xué)生寫作無(wú)話可說(shuō)，干巴空洞的緣由。這為我們課題組下一步如何開(kāi)展寫作教學(xué)工作，拓寬學(xué)生寫作思路，開(kāi)發(fā)學(xué)生寫作資源指明了方向。（二）指導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行有效的搜集作文素材資源階段。寫作素材資源，從獲取方式與途徑來(lái)區(qū)分，可分為直接生活資源和間接生活資源。直接生活資源是指學(xué)生通過(guò)觀察、實(shí)踐、感悟便可直接獲得的生活內(nèi)容及體驗(yàn)；間接生活資源是指學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀等方式書(shū)籍、報(bào)刊等媒上所獲得的生活內(nèi)容及他人對(duì)生活的體驗(yàn)。直接寫作資源至少包括：學(xué)校生活資源、家庭生活資源、社

48、會(huì)生活資源、精神生活（內(nèi)心世界）資源。間接生活資源至少包括：課內(nèi)閱讀（語(yǔ)文課本及其他學(xué)科課本或教材）、課外閱讀。其中課外閱讀可分為校內(nèi)（圖書(shū)館、閱覽室、報(bào)欄、黑板報(bào)等）、校外（圖書(shū)資料、街道文化）、網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源等。應(yīng)該說(shuō) 生活無(wú)處不資源，學(xué)生是生活中的人，他們只是擁有一座金礦而不自知。為使他們對(duì)作文資源能“一覽無(wú)余”。于是 ,我們把作文資源分為自然資源、社會(huì)資源、教材資源和情感資源四類，使學(xué)生有章可尋，有路可走，搜集方便。讓每個(gè)學(xué)生分門別類地建立一個(gè)作文素材資料庫(kù)。A、自然資源大自然豐富多彩、千姿百態(tài)，從浩瀚的宇宙到微小的蟲(chóng)蟻，都會(huì)給不同的人以不同的思索與啟迪。 “年年歲歲花相似， 歲歲年年人不同

49、”， “無(wú)可奈何花落去，似曾相似燕歸來(lái)”， 四季更替的自然現(xiàn)象，引發(fā)出物是人非的感慨； “逝者如斯夫，不舍晝夜”，滾滾東流之水引發(fā)時(shí)光飛逝，生命短暫的感嘆； “橫看成嶺側(cè)成峰，遠(yuǎn)近高低各不同”， 又給人以啟示：客觀事物是個(gè)多面體，從不同的角度去觀察，會(huì)看到不同的景象，得出不同的結(jié)論。大自然是豐厚、博大、無(wú)私、絢麗多彩的。思接千載,.那悠悠遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的飄渺的云， 使同學(xué)們聯(lián)想到遠(yuǎn)方的游子回歸的身影，聯(lián)想到祖國(guó)的統(tǒng)一大業(yè)；那蓊蓊郁郁蒼翠的樹(shù)，使學(xué)生們感受到生命的蓬勃與旺盛；還有那 “落霞與孤鶩齊飛”的宏大背景中所展示的生命的壯美，以及 “大江東去，浪淘盡千古風(fēng)流人物”所闡釋的時(shí)間的短暫與生命的永恒。這一

50、切的一切，都是大自然所賦予人類的最為寶貴的財(cái)富。 只要我們認(rèn)真思索，充分展開(kāi)聯(lián)想與想象，讓大自然的萬(wàn)千景象奔涌眼底，讓思維的觸角多方接觸，并用心去和大自然溝通，把自然屬性和我們的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活與深刻體驗(yàn)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，就會(huì)給我們的寫作提供無(wú)限契機(jī)，并在與自然的心靈碰撞中綻放出思想的火花，從而寫出立意深遠(yuǎn)的習(xí)作來(lái)。歐陽(yáng)修秋聲賦、峻青的秋色賦、郁達(dá)夫的故都的秋、朱自清的荷塘月色等都是很好的典范。B、社會(huì)資源學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)緊張，觀察了解社會(huì)和深入社會(huì)實(shí)踐的時(shí)間有限，而且他們的生活空間比較狹窄，有相當(dāng)一部分學(xué)生生活空間只是教室食堂宿舍三點(diǎn)一ullstrictlyrule partyis all memberscommo

51、n re sponsibilit y,must impl ementationtoea ch bra nchand each name members.3 . Playavang uard andexemplaryrole in life. Keep to thecorrect politi calorie ntation,pol iticalse nsitivitya nd politica ljudgme nt,dare t ofightagainstallkinds ofwrong thought ,wrong w ordsand deeds. (2) fir mlyestablish

52、consciousne ssofthe party,the party membersconsci ousne ss.Focuson somepartymemberssenseoforga nization anddisci pline,t heydonot participatei n the Organizati on, is not re quire d to paymembershipduesfora longtime, donot pla ya vanguard a nd exemplary rol e,some dontevenmenti on membershi p, failt

53、o make adisti nction between rig htand wrong ,failingto observe politi caldi sci plinea ndr ules,a ndsoon. Always keep in mind that he isa Communist,strengt hen partyspirit, li steni ngparty, party, party,part y, party partyguardi ng party,at theparty, t he partyfor the party.(3)strengtheni ng theco

54、nsci ousnessofthe partyspurpose.Focuson pestability.F ocusonsome partymembers witnse ofservice ,donot careforthe massesdi d nottakethe i nitiative,andsomeevenhurt publi cinterests,job, excelle ntthickfriends,eati ng,a ndsoon.Bearingin mindthefundamentalpur poseofservi ng,top peopleat heart, cl oseti

55、esw ith the masses, be kindto penpoverty relief,with practicalacti onstoctici ng theSocialist core values.Focus on donot observe stri ngent members,knowledgeout ofdev otion,talkabout ethi cs, good faith i s note nough,a ndsomeeven valpresse d,sayi ng sluggi shagain,justtoget by notseeking guodeying,

56、someevenperfunctorya ddress,evadi ng responsibilityand other i ssue s. Activelyadapttothe e conomi c devel opment ofthenew normal, seriously impleme ntthe ne w devel opme nt philosophy, hardw ork hard w ork har d,based o n their own dedi cation. Second, ont he Councilofthe secti on-level cadres a bove re quireme ntssectionabove party cadrestotakethe lea d inthe educationworking cl oselywit h leadi ng pra ctice,le arn more,better,morestrict