高中英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧經(jīng)典課件教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧經(jīng)典課件主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 詞詞 義義 猜猜 測(cè)測(cè) 型型命命 題題 類類閱讀理解命題特點(diǎn)：閱讀理解命題特點(diǎn)：推推 理理 判判 斷斷 型型觀觀 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 態(tài)態(tài) 度度 型型一一: :主旨大意題主旨大意題1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the su

2、bject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意題主旨大意題的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式:Main Idea/Best TitleHow to find the main idea of a passage Sometimes Sometimes the first sentencethe first sentence of a passage is of a passage is the topic sentencethe topic sentence Sometimes Sometimes

3、the last sentencethe last sentence is the topic is the topic sentencesentence Sometimes the topic sentence is Sometimes the topic sentence is in the middle in the middle of a passageof a passage Sometimes you have Sometimes you have to to put several key put several key sentences togethersentences t

4、ogether to get the main idea to get the main idea Sometimes you cant find the topic sentence in Sometimes you cant find the topic sentence in the passage. You have to the passage. You have to sum it up yourselfsum it up yourself. .Sample 1Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly

5、what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （2 2）主題句出現(xiàn)在段尾主題句出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù)作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù), , 層層推層層推理論證理論證, , 最后自然得出結(jié)論最后自然得出結(jié)論, , 即段落的主題。本段的中即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾

6、句得到體現(xiàn)心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn), ,它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。 應(yīng)試技巧應(yīng)試技巧 如何尋找主題句如何尋找主題句Sample 2 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits

7、or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti意大利式面條, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （2）主題句在段首）主題句在段首 一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開(kāi)頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在論說(shuō)文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種格式。 Sample 3 Tigers are found in many Asian count

8、riesIn the forest and grasslands，a tiger is hard to seeA tigers golden coloured coat with its dark stripes is not easily seen for its hair is the same colour as the blades of yellowish grass and patches of deep shadow This camouflage（偽裝）（偽裝）is very important because tigers are huntersIf other animal

9、s could see a tiger coming，they would quickly run away The tiger has very strong，sharp teeth which are used for seizing and eating the animals it catches The best title for this passage is _ ATigers and Other Small Animals B. Something about Tigers CTigers Camouflage DHow Tigers Live sample 4 Tom st

10、udied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,

11、Florida.（2Min）The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berli

12、n university.D. Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetail二：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型二：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 1. According to the passage, which of the following is true/ not true? 2. According to the passage, which of the following is not mentioned ? 3. All of the following are true EXCEPT _. 4. In the passage the writer s

13、tates that _. 5. Choose the best order. 6.According to the passage, who/what/ which/when/where/why /how . ? Skills: 1.use scanning to find out the answer directly 2.get rid of the wrong ones 在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題常有以下幾種命題方式：定細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題常有以下幾種命題方式： 大體可分為大體可分為直接理解題直接理解題和和語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換題語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換題，所提問(wèn)題一般可所提

14、問(wèn)題一般可直接直接或或間接間接在文章中在文章中找到答案。找到答案。 提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常有：提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。等。事事實(shí)實(shí)細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)節(jié)型型 提問(wèn)方式靈活多樣，涉及文章當(dāng)中的各提問(wèn)方式靈活多樣，涉及文章當(dāng)中的各種細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，方式等。種細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，方式等。細(xì)節(jié)理解應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題：細(xì)節(jié)理解應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題： 1）首先要從問(wèn)題中找出關(guān)鍵詞，運(yùn)用略讀的技巧在文中查找這）首先要從問(wèn)題中找出關(guān)鍵詞，運(yùn)用略讀的技巧在文中查找這一細(xì)節(jié)，并仔細(xì)閱讀，仔細(xì)比較所給選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)的區(qū)別。一細(xì)節(jié)，并仔細(xì)閱讀，仔細(xì)比較所給選項(xiàng)與文

15、中細(xì)節(jié)的區(qū)別。2）此類題更多地傾向于將題目中的信息與原文有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)此類題更多地傾向于將題目中的信息與原文有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，在轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程中，做題時(shí)易犯的錯(cuò)誤是未注意到轉(zhuǎn)換的義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，在轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程中，做題時(shí)易犯的錯(cuò)誤是未注意到轉(zhuǎn)換的準(zhǔn)確性，常常將細(xì)節(jié)信息中的范圍、程度、語(yǔ)義色彩等改變，從而準(zhǔn)確性，常常將細(xì)節(jié)信息中的范圍、程度、語(yǔ)義色彩等改變，從而導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。 Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents home in Mi

16、ssouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station (加油站) about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款臺(tái)), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.60. The author planned to stop at Oklahoma

17、City_. A. to visit a friend B. to see his parents C. to pay or the cash register D. to have more gas for his car Passage1 Passage1 Passage2 Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it like all machines, it nee

18、ds fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. value of food is usually measured in calories. A cal

19、orie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart showsdifferen

20、t, as the chart shows Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275三：詞義猜測(cè)型三：詞義猜測(cè)型 要求正確理解短文中一些關(guān)健詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的含義。常用的手段是利用多種表達(dá)法、詞的多義性、同近義語(yǔ)替換、習(xí)語(yǔ)釋義、句型或語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換等。1透徹理解題意，從短文中找到相關(guān)的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，根據(jù)特定的語(yǔ)境判斷理解，推敲斟酌，最后確定含義。 2 要熟悉常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)形式：1) The underlined word in

21、the paragraph refers to /means _.2) What does “_” in paragraph stand for /mean?3) “_” could best be replaced by which of the following?4) The expression /phrase “_” means _.5) The word “_” is closest in meaning to _.詞句理解題解題方法1. Unlike his brother,who is truly a handsome man,John is quite homely “hom

22、ely”means “ ”. ugly（反義詞、同義詞）（反義詞、同義詞）反義詞反義詞常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞：常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞：however,but,while,whereas,unlike, otherwise等；等；同義詞同義詞常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞：常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞：or,namely,that is,i.e.,that is to say,等。等。2. Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeousIt was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest比賽比賽 “gorgeous” means3.Tod

23、ay was a very hectic day for meI woke up late， hurried to the office，worked until four，went to the store，cooked dinner and washed clothesI did so many things that I was certainly very tired “hectic”means “ ”.beautiful（根據(jù)上下文）（根據(jù)上下文）（根據(jù)常識(shí)）（根據(jù)常識(shí)）busy 生活生活常識(shí)常識(shí)上下文上下文對(duì)比對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折因果因果關(guān)系關(guān)系同位同位關(guān)系關(guān)系同義詞同義詞反義詞反義詞構(gòu)詞

24、法構(gòu)詞法定義定義猜猜How to guess the meaning of words?四：四：推理判斷型推理判斷型 推理判斷題推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個(gè)題中常有6-8個(gè)，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。 以原文內(nèi)容以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對(duì)文中未明顯說(shuō)明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推推理理判判斷斷型型 正確選項(xiàng)一般不是文中的原句正確選項(xiàng)一般不是文中的原句推理判斷型推理判斷型常見(jiàn)的命題方式有：常見(jiàn)的命題方式有： The passage implies (暗示暗示) that_. We can conclude (得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論)

25、 from the passage that_. Which of the following can be inferred (推論推論)? What is the tone (語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣) of the author ? What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage? The passage is intended to _.1.Where would this passage most probably appear? “Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest are

26、as without stricter control need changing “says Peter Schantz. Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call .Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners .We know very little about these new diseases .A new bug（病毒）may be kind at first. But it may develop into something harmful（有害的）.Monkey-pox doesnt look a major infectious disease. But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person.1 (09全國(guó))67. The text suggests that in the future we .A. should stop buying pets from AmericaB. may easily get infected by diseases from dogsC. should not be allowed to have petsD.