神經病學緒論英文課件

1、神經病學緒論英文Introduction of neurologyJia, Jianping第一頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文 What is new? The 6th edition The new board第二頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文What is new? Coping with the clinical practice Accord to the clinical sequence Reinforce new concept Refer to new criteria Run by concise 第三頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文p 人口老齡化人口老齡化問題日益突出，腦老化

2、與認知問題日益突出，腦老化與認知(rn zh)(rn zh)功能障礙患者增加迅速功能障礙患者增加迅速。全國和北京市65歲以上(yshng)老年人口比例（%）我國認知障礙疾病(jbng)的患病率（%）研究背景研究背景第四頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文我國腦血管病發(fā)病率逐年我國腦血管病發(fā)病率逐年(zhnin)遞增遞增中國(zhn u)-MONICA 25-74歲人群腦卒中發(fā)病率年齡(ninlng)標化發(fā)病率(1/100000)我國現(xiàn)有腦血管病患者我國現(xiàn)有腦血管病患者余萬人，每年有余萬人，每年有新發(fā)腦卒中患者，年發(fā)病率新發(fā)腦卒中患者，年發(fā)病率（116-219）/10萬人口萬人口中華神經科雜志. 20

3、10;43(2):1-7.中國心血管病報告(2008-2009)第五頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文2002年我國成人(chng rn)高血壓患者1.6 億，患病率達18.8中國高血壓防治指南(zhnn) (2005年修訂版)中國高血壓防治指南(2009年基層版)我國歷次(lc)全國調查高血壓患病率(%)20.00%16.00%12.00%8.00%4.00%0.00%1959198019912002我國高血壓患病率持續(xù)增長我國高血壓患病率持續(xù)增長2006年中國高血壓人數(shù)，每年新增高血壓患者第六頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文中華醫(yī)學會糖尿病分會 2007.6-2008.5中華(Zhnghu)醫(yī)學

4、會糖尿病學分會. 中華(Zhnghu)內分泌代謝雜志,2008;24:2a1-22N Engl J Med 2010; 362:1090-1101.患病率（患病率（%）中華醫(yī)學會糖尿病學分會最新流調數(shù)據(jù)顯示：中國糖尿病患病率逐年上升中國糖尿病患病率逐年上升第七頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文What is Neurology?Neurology is an art, technique and science of studying of the cause, pathology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatmen

5、t and rehabilitation of nervous and muscular diseases. 神經病學是研究神經系統(tǒng)神經病學是研究神經系統(tǒng)疾病與骨骼肌疾病的病因、疾病與骨骼肌疾病的病因、病理、發(fā)病機制、臨床表病理、發(fā)病機制、臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷、防治、康復和現(xiàn)、診斷、防治、康復和預防的一門臨床學科。預防的一門臨床學科。 第八頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文Neurology is a member in Neuroscience familyNeurology is a one in Neuroscience family. It is related and linked to ne

6、uroanatomy, neuropathology, neuroembryology, neurophysiology, neurobiochemistry, neuropharmacology, neurobiology,neurogenetics, neuroimmunology, neuroendocrinology, neuroradiology, neuropsycology, neuroophthalmology, otoneurology, and neurosurgery.神經病學是神經科學的一個重要組成神經病學是神經科學的一個重要組成部分，它與神經解剖學、神經病理學、部分，

7、它與神經解剖學、神經病理學、神經組織胚胎學、神經生理學、神經神經組織胚胎學、神經生理學、神經生物化學、神經藥理學、神經生物學、生物化學、神經藥理學、神經生物學、神經遺傳學、神經免疫學、神經內分神經遺傳學、神經免疫學、神經內分泌學、神經放射學、神經心理學、神泌學、神經放射學、神經心理學、神經眼科學、神經耳科學和神經外科學經眼科學、神經耳科學和神經外科學互相聯(lián)系、互相滲透、互相促進?；ハ嗦?lián)系、互相滲透、互相促進。第九頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文Position NeuroscienceClinicalBasicNeurology NeurosurgeryNeuropediatries Senil

8、e NeurologyNeuroanatorny NeurophysiologyNeuropathology NeuropharmacologyNeurobiology Neuropharmacology第十頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文1.The Task of NeurologyTo develop the Neurological theory with new concept parallel to advanced countriesTo elevate the level of diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases so

9、as to culture eligible doctor in NeurologyTo reduce incidence and prevelence of neurological disease 發(fā)展神經病學理論水平，發(fā)展神經病學理論水平，與世界接軌與世界接軌 培養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)(piyng)合格的神經合格的神經科醫(yī)師科醫(yī)師 減少神經科疾病的發(fā)生減少神經科疾病的發(fā)生率和患病率率和患病率第十一頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文2.The Characteristics of Neurology1- The complexity of the disease Nervous system and musc

10、le structure is very complicated, if several parts of both of them damaged, the symptoms will overlap This is why we usually make direction, localization, qualitation diagnosis第十二頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文2.The Characteristics of Neurology2- The extensiveness of symptoms One disease can have different symptoms

11、 Example: Encephalitis can include headache and epilepsy Same symptom can origin from different disease Example: Headache can be caused by encephalitis, also by tumors第十三頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文2.The Characteristics of Neurology3- The Dependence of diagnosis Scientific development makes the Neurologist more

12、and more dependent on auxiliary examination: CT: Cerebral hemorrhage MRI: Multiple sclerosis Serology: Syphilis 第十四頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文腦腦CT掃描提示頸內掃描提示頸內動脈血栓動脈血栓(xushun)形形成致左側大腦半球成致左側大腦半球低密度梗死（箭低密度梗死（箭頭），同側腦室受頭），同側腦室受壓變小壓變小 第十五頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文腦腦CT掃描提示右側掃描提示右側大腦大腦(dno)半球出血半球出血性梗死，即低密度性梗死，即低密度的梗死灶（星號）的梗死灶（星號）

13、周圍伴有點片狀高周圍伴有點片狀高密度出血灶（箭頭）密度出血灶（箭頭）第十六頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文 腦腦CT掃描掃描(somio)提示提示溶栓后發(fā)生的右側大溶栓后發(fā)生的右側大腦半球出血性梗死，腦半球出血性梗死，即在低密度梗死灶即在低密度梗死灶（星號）內伴發(fā)大片（星號）內伴發(fā)大片高密度出血灶（箭頭）高密度出血灶（箭頭） 第十七頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文腦腦MRI提示提示(tsh)腦干梗腦干梗死（箭頭）呈長死（箭頭）呈長T2信信號號 第十八頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文腦腦CT掃描掃描(somio)提示多發(fā)性腦栓提示多發(fā)性腦栓塞致雙側大腦半塞致雙側大腦半球多發(fā)性腦梗死球多發(fā)性腦梗死（箭頭

14、）（箭頭） 第十九頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文腦腦CT掃描掃描(somio)提示左側基底節(jié)提示左側基底節(jié)區(qū)出血呈均勻高區(qū)出血呈均勻高密度病灶（箭頭）密度病灶（箭頭）第二十頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文腦腦CT掃描提掃描提示腦干出血示腦干出血（箭頭（箭頭(jintu)）呈高密度病灶呈高密度病灶第二十一頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文腦腦CT掃描提示左掃描提示左側大腦半球的腦葉側大腦半球的腦葉出血（箭頭出血（箭頭(jintu)）并破入腦室（星并破入腦室（星號），均呈均勻性號），均呈均勻性高密度病灶高密度病灶第二十二頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文腦腦CT掃描提示蛛網(wǎng)掃描提示蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血，腦干膜下腔

15、出血，腦干周圍的環(huán)池為高密周圍的環(huán)池為高密度病灶度病灶(bngzo)（箭頭）（箭頭）第二十三頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文2.The Characteristics of Neurology4- The severity of the disease More acute and severe neurological emergency, such as cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction Need to develop ability to handle emergency 第二十四頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文2.The Characteri

16、stics of Neurology5- The Refractoriness of the disease Some disease curable: most Inflammation Some disease treatable: epilepsy, Parkinsons disease and cerebrovascular diseaseSome disease untreatable: malignant tumor 第二十五頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文3.The Practice of NeurologyThe procedure of diagnosis: Careful a

17、sking case history and making through physical examination Usage of knowledge of anatomy and physiology, to find the lesion parts Usage of auxiliary examination, to confirm, and make a final dianosis 第二十六頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文3.The Practice of NeurologyThe ability of interpretation of auxiliary: CT, digita

18、l subtraction angiography, MRI, evoked potentials, EMG, EEG, TCD, carotid artery ultrasound, PET, MEG, nerve and muscle tissue biopsy, cerebrospinal fluid cells and biochemical tests, blood-specific antigen and antibody tests, genetic testing positioning of qualitativeHowever, any additional tests a

19、re not a substitute for medical examination and clinical analysis 第二十七頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文28我國城鄉(xiāng)我國城鄉(xiāng)(chn xin)腦卒中腦卒中 發(fā)病率約為發(fā)病率約為200/10萬萬 患病率約為患病率約為400/10萬萬 死亡率為冠心病的死亡率為冠心病的3倍倍4.The Future of NeurologyLancet Neurol, 2007.704157937578483我國腦卒中患病狀況預測我國腦卒中患病狀況預測1-Changes in disease spectrum第二十八頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文294.The Future of Neurology2-Changes in diagnosis instrumentsComputed Tomography (CT) equipment第二十九頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文 Patients in examination with CT scan第三十頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文Sample image: Aneurysm (arrows) arising from the basilar artery.第三十一頁，共四十頁。神經病學緒論英文The iMotion 1.5 Tesla Magnet2) Magnetic resonanc