定語從句(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)

1、定語從句定語從句: 由關(guān)系代詞由關(guān)系代詞_ 或關(guān)系或關(guān)系副詞副詞_引導(dǎo)的句子用來修飾主句中的某一個(gè)名詞引導(dǎo)的句子用來修飾主句中的某一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句或代詞的從句,起著起著定語定語的作用的作用.定語從句所修飾的詞叫做定語從句所修飾的詞叫做_; 定語從句跟在定語從句跟在先行詞先行詞的后面的后面.構(gòu)成方式構(gòu)成方式: _.關(guān)系代詞或副詞的三重功能關(guān)系代詞或副詞的三重功能: 連接主從句連接主從句; 指代先行詞指代先行詞; 在從句中作在從句中作句子成分句子成分.that, which, who, whom, whosewhere, when, why先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞或副詞陳述語序關(guān)系代詞或副詞陳述語

2、序The Attributive Clause in the text on P34The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.主干句：主干句：The time was a very difficult period of me. when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。 I will never forget the day _ I reached here.Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for

3、advice.He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.when介詞介詞+ whom / which, 不能用不能用that Para 1The school where I studied for only tow years was three kilometers away.主干句：主干句： The school was three kilometers away. where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞= 介詞介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞The place _ Jiangj

4、ieshi once used to lived has become a place of interest.However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Para 2where = in whichThe day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. (Para 3)There was a time _ a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonligh

5、t and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. (Para 4)The USA is a large country _ many different dialects are spoken= on whichwhenwhere= in whichThey could not get the jobs they wanted.They could not get the jobs ( which/that ) they

6、 wanted.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.作賓語作賓語Para 5= where= in whichThe places _ they had to live in were decided by the white.The places in _ they had to live w

7、ere decided by the white.( which / that )which Para 6We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.先行詞是先行詞是position, situation, point, case, condition等時(shí)在定語從句中作狀語用關(guān)系副詞等時(shí)在定語從句中作狀語用關(guān)系副詞where連接連接.Sometimes we find a situation _ most students

8、 can remember words and expressions well but cant write a good composition.wherewhereWe first broke the law in a way which was peaceful.I dont like the way he talks.The way he thought of to solve the problem was very good.作主語作主語that ( that / in which )作狀語作狀語( that / which )作賓語作賓語The reason _ his abs

9、ence is that he is ill.The reason _ he is absent is that he is ill. why指原因，在從句中作原因狀語。指原因，在從句中作原因狀語。關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why(1) when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。(2) where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。(3) why的先行詞只有的先行詞只有reason，why在從句中作原因狀語。在從句中作原因狀語。 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 = 介詞介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞forwhy= for which關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞

10、whereThis is the house (which/that ) he used to live in.This is the house in which / where he used to live.I know of a place (which /that ) we can swim in.I know of a place in which / where we can swim.試比較：試比較：The place _ we visited yesterday is a school for disabled children.The place _ Jiang Jiesh

11、i once used to lived has become a place of interest.(which/ that)where/ in whichTheyll never forget July 1 _ Hong Kong returned to its motherland.The days _ we used foreign oil are gone forever.關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞whenThere was a time _ the businessman lost heart.when= on whichwhen= on whichwhen試比較：試比較： Do you

12、still remember the day _ we spent happily together? Do you still remember the day _we spent our holiday happily together? Do you still remember the day_ we went to visit the Summer Palace?(which/ that)whenwhen先行詞是表示原因的名詞，先行詞是表示原因的名詞，即即reason，在定語從句中充在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語，當(dāng)原因狀語，用用why，這時(shí)一般可以用這時(shí)一般可以用for which來代來

13、代替替:I dont know the reason why/ for which he did it.The reason why/ for which he was fired was not clear. 試比較：試比較：The reason _he explained to the teacher is not true.The reason _ was explained to the teacher is not true.(which/ that)（作賓語）（作賓語） which /that （作主語）（作主語）This is the date _ were proud of.T

14、his is the date _ he was born.I will never forget the time _ we spent together.This is the factory _my mother works.This is the factory _ we visited last week. (which/that)when/on which(which/that)where/in which(which/that)Is this the school _we visited yesterday ?Is this school _ we visited yesterd

15、ay?Is this school _we visited yesterday very modern?-This school _ we visited yesterday is very modern.Is this lab _ we did the experiment yesterday?-This lab is _ we did the experiment yesterday.(which/ that)the onewhich/ thatthe one where(which/that)which/ that the onewhere He is one of the studen

16、ts who _ it. He is the only one of the students who _ it. (believe) Those _ (want) to go to the cinema please sign your name here. Anyone _ to go to the cinema please sigh your name here.believebelieves who want who wantsas, which的比較的比較a.在非限制性定語從句中，均可替代整個(gè)主句或句中某個(gè)部分，在在非限制性定語從句中，均可替代整個(gè)主句或句中某個(gè)部分，在從句中作主語

17、，賓語，表語如從句在主句之后，兩者皆可用從句中作主語，賓語，表語如從句在主句之后，兩者皆可用They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is.b.如從句在主句之前，用如從句在主句之前，用asAs we all know, his parents were killed in this war.As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.c.如關(guān)系代詞代表主句全句意思，有正如就如關(guān)系代詞代表主句全句意思

18、，有正如就象之意時(shí)，用象之意時(shí)，用asWe won the match, as we had expected.He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.正如正如: As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard/told/expected. 用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句， 用來指待一件事，這時(shí)它的位置用來指待一件事，這時(shí)它的位

19、置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。可以放在句首、句中和句尾。d. 當(dāng)先行項(xiàng)被當(dāng)先行項(xiàng)被the same, such, so修飾時(shí)，用修飾時(shí)，用asThis is the same book as you bought yesterday. (同類不同一本書同類不同一本書)比較比較:This is the same book that you bought yesterday. (同一本書同一本書)Dont believe in such men as praise you to your face.I never give my students so difficult a question as

20、 no one can work out.比較比較:This is so difficult a question that no one can work it out.（定語從句）（定語從句）（狀語從句）（狀語從句）Choose the best answers She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. (NMET91) A. it B. which C. this D. that2. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could

21、turn for help.(92) A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whomBD3. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expected. (NMET94) A.what B.which C.that D.it4. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. (NMET96) A. where B.which C.that D.w

22、henBA5. Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much. (NMET1999) A.it B.that C.when D.which6. This is the way _ I am thinking of to do it. A.how B.with which C.by which D.DD7. He invited ten friends to his home ; _ are foreigners. A. six of whom B. the six of whom C. s

23、ix of them D. the six of them8. He invited ten friends to his home , _ are foreigners. A. six of whom B. the six of whom C. six of them D. the six of themCA9. My hometown is not the same _ it used to be ten years ago. A.like B.as C.that D.which10. Is this the factory _ you work? A.which B.in that C.

24、where D.what11. Is this the factory _ you visited?A.which B.in that C.where D.whatBCA12. Is this museum_ you visited last week? / B.which C.the one D.where13. Is this the museum _ you visited last week?A./ B.what C.the one D.whereCA14. _ is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.A.As B.Which C.That D

25、.It15. _ is known to all that Taiwan is part of China.A.As B.Which C.That D.It16.All_ is needed is a supply of oil.A.which B.that C.what D. /ADB17. They both talked happily about the men and books _ interested them in the school.A.which B.who C.when D.that18. I dont like the way _ you talked to her.

26、A.which B.in that C. / D.by whichDC The Attributive Clause關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞whichthat (person/thing)(s. o.)who ( person)(s. o.)whom (person)( o. )whose (person / thing)(attribute)when (time) = 介詞介詞 + whichwhere (place) = 介詞介詞 + whichwhy (reason) = for which(relatives)(relative pronounces)(relati

27、ve adverbs)thing(s. o.)指先行句指先行句(as)填空：填空：1. Look at that lady _ name is Pochi.2. He is a teacher _ I like very much.3. Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.4. Those _will go to the park stay here.5. That was all the money _I had.whose (whom/that/who)which/that whothat6. Tom is the first boy _

28、left the room.7. Look at the boy and his dog _are coming this way.8. You can read any book _I have.9. That was the year _I went to America.10. we came to the town, _we stayed for 2 hours.thatthatthatwhenwhere This is the place _ I stayed for two days. The moment _ she won the gold medal was shown on

29、 TV. The factory _ he worked has been pulled down. The factory _ we are going to visit produces watches. The reason _ he explained to his father was a false one. The reason _ he was late is _ he had been caught in the traffic.wherewhenwhere(which/that)(which/that)whythatWhose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系

30、代詞”型，型，e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door _ open to the south.They lived in a house, _ door open to the south. of which of which thepreposition + relative pronouns1. The person whom/who/that you should write to is Mr. Ball.2. The pen which he is

31、 writing with now was bought yesterday.3. The gas which we can not live without is called oxygen.The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.The gas _ we can not live is called oxygenThe person _ you should write is Mr. Ball. to whom with which without whichHave you met the person _ he was spea

32、king?He is the man _ you can turn for help. The farm _ we worked then years ago isnt what it used to be.This is the tree _ we used to play games.The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.The gas _ we can not live is called oxygen.More examples about whom to whom on which under which with whic

33、h without whichCan you work them out?Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4. Who can give me the

34、 reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?foraboutonwithoutUse a preposition and a relative pronoun, whom/which, to complete the following sentences.The book _ I heard was written twenty years ago.The people _ the man spoke werent listening.The film _ I fell asleep was very boring.The pen _ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.The little creature _ s