翻譯課--翻譯的屬性

1、Lesson 2 學(xué)生Presentation1、Properties of Translation翻譯的屬性 1）Encoding and Decoding：semiotic property 2）Cultural property：翻譯涉及社會文化的方方面面，如歷史、宗教、政治、地理、軍事、外交、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文藝、科學(xué)、風(fēng)土人情、民俗習(xí)慣等，譯者只有對此有較多的了解才能深刻準(zhǔn)確地理解原文，洞察中英兩種文化的異同，完美地表達(dá)原作所要傳達(dá)的思想內(nèi)容。例： （1） Then he was off to Columbia Business School ， where he found his Rose

2、tta Stone of investing （Roger Lowenstein ： An Unassuming Billionaire） 后來他進(jìn)了哥倫比亞商學(xué)院，在那里找到了自己的投資指南。（ Rosetta Stone 是埃及古碑，意為“指點迷津的東西” ，這兒喻指“幫助理解難題的事物” 。） （2） The Army and Navy needed all their energies to acquire conventional weapons; they had no time for Buck Rogers games 陸軍部和海軍部都忙于采購常規(guī)武器，沒有工夫來過問新玩藝兒。

3、（Buck Rogers games 是科幻小說里使用光線武器的戰(zhàn)爭，這兒喻指“尖端武器” 。） （3） It is a way, he says, of paying tribute to the rocknroll era that had a huge impact on him as a child So why did the idea come off the backburner and on to paper and then celluloid ？Celebrity burn-out is the answer. Hollywoods man with the golden

4、touch had had a string of box-office success ， from Sleepless in Seattle to Toy Story and Apollo 13, and had won Oscars two years in succession, for Philadelphia and then Forrest Gump 他說這是頌揚那個給童年的他帶來巨大影響的搖滾樂時代的一種方式。那么這個想法怎么會由一個不起眼的念頭變成了文字，然后又變成了電影呢？ 答案是名人精疲力盡了。這位點石成金的好萊塢寵兒由西雅圖未眠夜到玩具故事和阿波羅13 號，獲得了一連串

5、的票房成功，并因費城的故事和隨后的阿甘正傳連續(xù)兩年問鼎奧斯卡獎。 backburner是“次要地位；一時不重要的地位” 。golden touch 是“點金術(shù)” 。Sleepless in Seattle ， Toy Story ， Apollo 13 ， Philadelphia 和Forrest Gump 都是電影片名。 3）討論：譯者對民族文化有什么責(zé)任？2. Is translation a science or an art why? 討論 試譯： 1. Night and fog didnt worry the young people. 2. Fine feathers make

6、 fine birds. 3. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 1. 夜色沉沉，大霧彌漫，可這并沒有使這些年輕人感到憂慮。 2. 人靠衣裳馬靠鞍 或 佛要金裝，人要衣裝。 3. 我昨夜聽見她鼾聲如雷。下列翻譯有何不妥？ 1. Millet made a portrait of Lady Chesterfield ， which flattered her 米勒為了逢迎切斯特菲爾德夫人而替她畫了一幅像。 2. High vaulted rooms with cool uncarpeted floors ， great dogs

7、 upon the hearths for the burning of wood in winter time ，and all luxuries befitting the state of a marquis in a luxurious age and country 高拱頂?shù)姆块g里，沒鋪地毯的地板顯得涼爽，幾條大狗趴在冬天燒木柴的幾個壁爐臺上，陳設(shè)著在一個奢侈時代和國家里適合于侯爵身份的一切奢侈品。 3. This large body of men had met on the previous night ，despite the elements which were oppo

8、sed to them, a heavy rain falling the whole of the night and drenching them to the skin. 這一大群人頭天晚上還是聚到了一起，盡管老天與他們作對，整夜下著傾盆大雨，大家被淋得渾身透濕。 4. such measures touch only the tip, but not address the basis of the problem. 然而，這樣的措施只不過是碰了碰問題的尖端，并沒有觸及問題的根源。Improvement and correction1.原文中的flatter 意為“超過” to mak

9、e better looking than the reality ，將其譯為“逢迎”是理解上的錯誤。正確的譯文應(yīng)該是：“米勒給切斯特菲爾德夫人畫了一幅像，該像之美簡直超過了她本人?！比粼臑椤皌o flatter her”，上譯方才正確。2.原文中的greatdogs 意為“壁爐中燒柴取暖時用來支柴的鐵架” ，將其譯為“幾條大狗”是理解上的錯誤。正確的譯文應(yīng)該是：“高拱頂?shù)姆块g里，沒鋪地毯的地板顯得有點涼爽，冬天取暖時用于壁爐里支柴的粗壯的鐵架放在壁爐架下的爐床上，房間里陳設(shè)的奢侈品應(yīng)有盡有，所有這些奢侈品均適合奢侈時代、奢侈國家的侯爵的身份。”3.原文中的despite the eleme

10、nts which were opposed to them 譯作“盡管老天與他們作對” ，讀起來未免平板滯重、佶屈聱牙，如譯作“盡管天公不作美” ，不僅傳神達(dá)意，而且文字簡練、十分得體。）4.原文中的touch onlythe tip 譯作“只不過是碰了碰問題的尖端” ，讀起來文理不通、讓人頗為費解，如譯作“只不過是蜻蜓點水”則言簡意明、生動形象。）外語腔外語腔(translationese)或翻譯腔或翻譯腔 外語腔外語腔(translationese)是初學(xué)翻譯者不知不覺地會在漢語譯文中表現(xiàn)出來的一種不當(dāng)傾向。翻譯時所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容來自外語原文，原文的詞語和結(jié)構(gòu)形式隨著內(nèi)容一起進(jìn)入到我們的大

11、腦，于是原文的語言形式被帶入譯文，造成了譯文的外語腔。試譯 例1、 Public opinion plays a vital and healthy role in the political realm. 例2、I am sure that it would change the situation if you are kind enough to lend support to me. 例3、Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment. 例4、In the

12、wake of his mothers death some thirty-six years later, Hemingway turned back to the adventure and tried to write a novel about it. 1. 公共輿論在政治領(lǐng)域起著生命力的、健康的作用。輿論在政治領(lǐng)域起著極其重要的、有益的作用。2. 我相信如果你有足夠的好心支持我的話，它將會改變形勢。我相信如果你非常好心能撐我一把的話，情況就不一樣了。3. 職業(yè)和工作帶來很大的幸福和滿足，而我們大多數(shù)人并不意識到這一點。 職業(yè)和工作對于獲得幸福和滿足起了很大的作用，我們大多數(shù)人對此卻認(rèn)

13、識不足。 4. 在他母親去世36年之后，海明威又想起了那次歷險奇遇，并試圖寫一部小說。 大約36年過后，在他母親去世后的不久，海明威又想起了那次遭遇的險情，并試圖就此寫一部小說。試譯 例5、The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner jacket. 例6、If certain animal psychologists are right, a dog adopts his family in a most literal way - taking it for granted that the fa

14、mily is the band of dogs he belongs to. 5. 他對氣候的唯一讓步就是穿了一件白色的短餐衣。 氣候變化，他僅稍稍作了一點變通，赴宴時穿了件白色的短禮服。 6. 假如某些動物心理學(xué)家的分析正確，狗在很大程度上代表著它的家人 理所當(dāng)然這一家也就屬于狗幫了。 假如有些動物心理學(xué)家的分析正確，狗對于他所在家庭的認(rèn)同是非常實際的它理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為這一家人就是它所歸屬的一群狗。Assignment 1. She couldnt have come at a better time. 2. She has been a widow only six months. 3.

15、I believe the speech was needlessly stubborn. 4. The Macedonian argument has a Greek dimension too. 5. The Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality. 6. From a physical standpoint, there ought to be as many colours as there are different wave lengths. 7. But the next century well be

16、 able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms. 8. As a human being, we should demonstrate our intellectual and moral superiority by respecting others for who they are - instead of rejecting them for who/what they are not.9. It may also be said th

17、at rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the fa

18、ctory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortunes favored children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes the nee