哥特式教堂的一些術(shù)語(yǔ)和詞匯

1、最近在構(gòu)建一個(gè)分類(lèi)資料夾，為了得到詳實(shí)全面的圖片信息，我了解這些名詞和術(shù)語(yǔ)的英文就十分重要。以下沒(méi)有逐字翻譯，釋義方面看中文書(shū)籍就可以了，我也找了一些配圖，便于感性認(rèn)識(shí)。把局部成果弄出來(lái)，與我的網(wǎng)友們一起分享一下。The Vocabulary of Gothic Architecture1.Pinnacle:A sharply pointed ornament capping the piers墩；支柱 or flying buttresses飛扶壁; also used on cathedral facades.1.房頂尖塔，支墩或飛扶壁頂上的尖尖的裝飾物；也用于大教堂的外墻。2.Flyin

2、g buttresses:Masonry struts that transfer the thrust of the nave殿堂 vaults拱頂 across the roofs of the side aisles and ambulatory to a tall pier rising above the churchs exterior wall. Compare the cross-section of Beauvais Cathedral.2.飛扶壁 ： 也稱(chēng)扶拱垛3.Vaulting web:The masonry blocks that fill the area betw

3、een the ribs of a groin vault.4.Diagonal rib:In plan, one of the ribs that form the X of a groin vault.對(duì)角拱柱十字肋A diagonal rib of a Gothic vault. 哥特式穹頂?shù)膶?duì)角拱柱5.Transverse rib:A rib that crosses the nave教堂殿堂；中殿 or aisle走廊 at a 90-degree angle.橫肋， rib拱肋6.Springing:The lowest stone of an arch; in Gothic va

4、ulting, the lowest stone of a diagonal or transverse rib.拱底石。拱的最底下的石頭。在哥特式的穹頂中，指十字肋或者橫肋的最底的石頭。7.Clerestory:The windows below the vaults that form the nave elevations uppermost level. By using flying buttresses and rib vaults on pointed arches, Gothic architects could build huge clerestory windows an

5、d fill them withstained glassheld in place by ornamental stonework calledtracery.8.Oculus:A small round window.9.Lancet:A tall, narrow window crowned by a pointed arch.又窄又高有個(gè)尖拱的窗。細(xì)長(zhǎng)的窗戶被稱(chēng)為“柳葉窗，圓形的那么被稱(chēng)為“玫瑰窗10.Triforium:The story in the nave elevation consisting of arcades, usually blind , but occasion

6、ally filled with stained glass).11.Nave arcade:The series of arches supported by piers separating the nave from the side aisles.中殿連拱，一組由支柱支撐的拱，分開(kāi)了中殿和側(cè)廊。12.Compound pier with shafts (responds):Also called thecluster pier,a pier with a group, or cluster, of attached shafts, orresponds,extending to the

7、 springing of thevaultscomposite pier pier 墩附加Four common types of vault. A barrel vault (also called a cradle vault, tunnel vault, or wagon vault) has a semicircular cross section. A groin (or cross) vault is formed by the perpendicular intersection of two barrel vaults. A rib (or ribbed) vault is supported by a series of arched diagonal ribs that divide the vaults surface into panels. A fan vault is composed of concave sections with ribs spreading out like a fan.Pointed arch尖拱groin vault 交叉拱norman arch 諾曼式拱券molding線腳 裝飾線rib