高一英語Unit語法定語從句講解加練習新課標人教版

1、（定語從句）l定語從句在句子中起定語作用，修飾一個名詞或代詞，有時可修飾一個句子。被定語從句修飾的詞叫作先行詞，定語從句必須放在先行詞的后面，由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。關系詞充當從句的成分。定語從句定語從句限定性定語從句限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句引導詞引導詞關系代詞：關系代詞：關系副詞關系副詞:that, which, who, whom, whose, aswhen, where, whyl1）限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語從句，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。起限定作用。這種從句和主句的關系十分密切， 寫時不可用逗號分開。 Eg:The accid

2、ent happened on the day when I lost my job.Eg: I spent a whole holiday with John, who was very friendly and helpful. l 2) 非限制性定語從句和主句的關系不是十分密切，只是對先行詞作些附加的補充說明， 如果去掉， 主句的意思仍然很清楚。 這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開，一般不用 that 引導。關系代詞和關系副詞關系代詞和關系副詞 的作用的作用指代作用指代作用連接句子的作用連接句子的作用That tall man is Toms father and he works in

3、a shoe factory.That tall man is Toms father, _ works in a shoe factory.whothat賓語賓語(2)指物時，指物時，that與與which可以互換，但可以互換，但要注意在特定情況下要注意在特定情況下that與與which的選的選用。用。關系代詞的用法：關系代詞的用法： 1. that 和和 which (1) that , which 都可以指物，都可以指物， 還可以指人，在從句中作主語或賓語，還可以指人，在從句中作主語或賓語， 作作_ 時可以省略。時可以省略。True or false All which you need

4、 to do is to press the button . I have read all the books that you gave me.1.3. This is the best novel that I have read.that4. This is the very book which I want to look for.5. The last place that we visited was the chemical works.6. They talked about the teachers and schools which they had visited.

5、thatthat只用只用that 的情況的情況:1.先行詞為不定代詞或有不定代詞修飾的先行詞為不定代詞或有不定代詞修飾的如如:everything,anything,all,much,nothing,any等等.2.先行詞被最高級修飾的先行詞被最高級修飾的.3.先行詞被先行詞被the only,the very,the right 修飾的修飾的4.先行詞既包括人又包括物時先行詞既包括人又包括物時.(6)主句是以主句是以who或或which開頭的特殊疑開頭的特殊疑問句時問句時,一般用一般用that引導定語從句引導定語從句(而不而不用用who, whom, which)。(5)that 還可以在定

6、語從句中作表語，還可以在定語從句中作表語，(而而which, who, whom, whose 不能）不能） that此時可以省略。此時可以省略。She is no longer the girl_ she used to be.thatWhich is the book_you need?that用用which 的情況：的情況：1.用于非限定定語從句中用于非限定定語從句中.2.用于介詞后用于介詞后I have rent a house , which is very big.I want to rent a house which/that is very big.The chair on

7、which he is sitting is made of plastics.The chair (which/that) he is sitting on is made of plastics.2. who 和和 whom(1)who指人，是主格，在定語從句中作指人，是主格，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。主語或賓語。(2)whom指人，是賓格，在定語從句中只指人，是賓格，在定語從句中只能作賓語。能作賓語。(3)who不可以用在介詞后不可以用在介詞后,而而whom可以?？梢?。Do you know the man _I talked to just now.who/whom/that/-Do

8、you know the man to_I talked to just now.whomThe number of people _lost homes reached as many as 250,000.who/that3. whose的用法的用法(1)whose即可以指人也可以指物，在定語即可以指人也可以指物，在定語從句中作定語。從句中作定語。(2) whose指物時可以與指物時可以與of which互換?；Q。whose + n. = the + n. + of whichof which + the + n.4. as 的用法的用法 as 在定語從句中作主語，賓語或表語。在定語從句

9、中作主語，賓語或表語。一般用在一般用在 the sameas ，as many (much)as 或或suchas結構中。結構中。 Such teachers as he know are all kind to him.I want to buy the same pen as you are using.Dont buy such books as will do you harm.(1) 意思不同。意思不同。as 表示表示“正如正如那樣那樣”, which 表示表示“ 這一點這一點” “這件事這件事”。(2)as 所引導的從句可放在主句前或主所引導的從句可放在主句前或主句后；而句后；而w

10、hich所引導的從句只可放在所引導的從句只可放在主句后。主句后。(3)as所引導的從句中，動詞常用所引導的從句中，動詞常用know, see, expect, point out, say, tell, report等。等。5. as 和和 which 都可以引導非限定性定語都可以引導非限定性定語從句，指代主句一句話的內容，這時它們從句，指代主句一句話的內容，這時它們的區(qū)別是的區(qū)別是:As we know , China is a developing country.As is known, China is a developing country.His dog died ,which

11、made him unhappy.II. 關系副詞關系副詞when, where, why的用法的用法(1)when指時間，在從句中作時間狀語。指時間，在從句中作時間狀語。(2)where指地點，在從句中作地點狀語。指地點，在從句中作地點狀語。(3)why的先行詞只有的先行詞只有reason，why在從句在從句中作原因狀語。中作原因狀語。關系副詞關系副詞 = 介詞介詞 + 關系代詞關系代詞1.I will never forget the day when/on which I reached here.2.This is the school where/at which I used to

12、 teach.III 使用定語從句時應注意的問題使用定語從句時應注意的問題1.在定語從句中，關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中，關系代詞和關系副詞必須充當句子成分。必須充當句子成分。2.關系代詞的人稱，性，數(shù)要和先行詞關系代詞的人稱，性，數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致，在從句中作主語時，注意其保持一致，在從句中作主語時，注意其后的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致。后的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致。 I, who am a student, study very hard.He is one of the students who believe it.He is the only one of the students

13、 who believes it.4.the way （方式，方法）作先行詞時，（方式，方法）作先行詞時，關系代詞用關系代詞用 that / in which / 不填。不填。 3.在限定性定語從句中，作賓語的關系在限定性定語從句中，作賓語的關系代詞可以省略；但在非限定性定語從句代詞可以省略；但在非限定性定語從句中，關系代詞不可以省略。中，關系代詞不可以省略。5.time作先行詞，用作先行詞，用when或或that引導定語引導定語從句均可，而且從句均可，而且that常?？梢允÷?。常?？梢允÷浴?eg. The last time (that) I saw her was a fine morn

14、ing in May.Exercises:I.Fill in the blanks The man _ you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 2. Did you see the letter _ was put on your table ?1. 3. Here comes the man _ English is excellent.whom/who/thatwhich/thatwhose4. That is the day _ I was born.5. I dont know the reason _ he was late.6. Who is

15、the girl _ is standing at the door ?7. That is the book _ the cover is blue.8. He was proud, _ I dislike very much. When/on whichwhy / for which thatof whichwhichII. Choose the best answers She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. (NMET91) A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. In

16、the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.(92)1. A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whomBD3. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expected. (NMET94) A.what B.which C.that D.it4. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _

17、he grew up as a child. (NMET96) A. where B.which C.that D.whenBA5. Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much. (NMET1999) A.it B.that C.when D.which6. This is the way _ I am thinking of to do it. A.how B.with which C.by which D.DD7. He invited ten friends to his home

18、 ; _ are foreigners. A. six of whom B. the six of whom C. six of them D. the six of them8. He invited ten friends to his home , _ are foreigners. A. six of whom B. the six of whom C. six of them D. the six of themCA9. My hometown is not the same _ it used to be ten years ago. A.like B.as C.that D.which10. Is this the factory _ you work? A.which B.in that C.where D.what11. Is this the