高三英語高考語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、八、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣情態(tài)動(dòng)詞I.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法否定式疑問式簡答式can能力（體力，智力，技能） 允許或許可（口語中常用）can not / cannot /can ' dotCando？Yes,can.could可能性（表猜測，用于否定句 或疑問句中）couldn ' t doNo,can ' t.may可以（問句中表示請求） 可能，或許（表推測） 祝愿（用于倒裝句中）may not doMaydo？Yes,may.No,mustn ' t/can ' t.mightmight not doMight do？Yes,might No,mi

2、ght not.must必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求） 肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測）must not/mustn ' t doMust do ？ to.Yes, must.No,needn ' t/don ' t havehave to只好，不得不（客觀的必須， 有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱的變化）don' t have to doDohave to do ?Yes, do.No,don' t.ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語中多用 should）ought not to/oughtn'dot(Ought - to do ?Yes, ought.No,ough

3、tn ' t.shall用什三人稱征求對方意見 用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、 警告、威脅等shall not/shan' t doShall do ？Yes,shall.No,shan ' t.should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任） 本該（含有責(zé)備意味）should not/sh ouldn ' t doShould do ？will意愿，決心will not/won ' t doYes,will.No,won' t.would請求，建議，用在問句中 would 比較委婉would not/wouldn ' t doWill/Would d

4、o-? )dare敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中）dare not/daren ' t doDare do ？Yes, dare.No,daren ' t.need需要，必須（常用于否定句和疑 問句中）need not/ needn ' t doNeed do ？Yes, must. No, -needn' t.used to過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）used not/usedn ' t/usen to dodidn ' t use to do二 t/ Usedto do ?Did use to do ?Yes, used.No, use(d)n 

5、9; t.Yes,did.No,didn ' t.II.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重點(diǎn)知識(shí)表示“能 力、許可” 的can和may表示能力的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用can/couldA computerthink for itself; it must be told what to do.A.can ' tB.mustn' t C.may notD.might not表小許可時(shí)用may/might ,can/could都可以，但在問句中用could 或might ?以使口氣委婉客氣，其回答 正要用can或 may,以使回答口氣明確（ must 表示/E,必須， mustn t 表示禁止，不許可）。

6、Could I call you by your first name?Yes, youA.willB.couldC.may D.might Johnny, youplay with the knife, youhurt yourself.A.won' t/can ' tB.mustn ' t/mayC.shouldn ' t/mustD.can ' t/shouldn' t在月TE句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特TE場合的能力，而要用 was/were able to 。The fire spread through the hotel

7、very quickly but everyoneget out.A.had toB.wouldC.couldD.was able to表示"推 斷、判斷” 的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示的是事實(shí)上的可能性。Petercome with us tonight, but he isnyet very sureA.mustB.mayC.canD.will而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性：Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.在否定句中只能用 can和may。所以c

8、an'時(shí)用以代替 mustn' 1 語氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能。Michaelbe a policeman, for he' s much too short.A.needn ' t B.can ' tC.shouldD.may在疑問句只能用 can,不能用 may和must。He may be very busy now.Can he be very busy now?He must be very busy now.Can he be very busy now?needneed作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問句。dared

9、are作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)后兩種形式：dare和dared兩個(gè)詞形，除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。If he dare come,I will kick him out. I don ' t know whether he dare say.注息：He doesn t dare(to)answer the question.(否te句) Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?(疑問句)shall用于第人稱:征求對方的意見。What shall we do this evening?用于第二、三人稱：警告、命令、允諾、

10、威脅等。You shall fail if you don' t wdkWarder.He shall have the book when I finish reading. 允諾He shall be punished.威脅should勸告、建議、命令、應(yīng)該做、道義上的責(zé)任。You should(ought to) go to class right away.I should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.will/would請求、建議，would比will委婉客氣。Would you pass me the book?表

11、小息志、愿望和決心。I will never do that again.They asked us if we would do that againwould可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。During the vacation he would visit me every weekThe wound would not heal.(傷 口 老是不能愈合)would表小估計(jì)或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done 的用法could+have don

12、e：本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做。You could have done better, but you didn' t try your best.cannot+ have done :表示對現(xiàn)在或過去仃為的否te推測。He cannot have been to that town.can+主語+ have done：表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯te (用在 疑問句中)。Can he have got the book?might(may)+ have done :對過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測。He may not have finished the work.If we had tak

13、en the other road, we might have arrived earlier.must+ have done :對過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測。其否定式為： cannot have done。You must have seen the film.You cannot have seen the film.needn ' t+ave done ：本來不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了。You needn ' t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.注息： didn t need to(have to)do沒有必

14、要做而實(shí)際上也沒有做I didn ' t need to clean the vdows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.should(ought to)+ have done :本來應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。You should have started earlier, but you didn' t.She shouldn ' t have taken away my measuring tape, for I worked to use it.注后、： He should have finished

15、 the work by now.(表推桃U)虛擬語氣類別用 法例 句If引導(dǎo)的與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過去式(be用were)主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+doIf he were here, he would help us.條件從句與過去事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：had+done主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+have+doneIf I had been free,I would have visited you.與將來事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過去式 /should+動(dòng)詞原形/were+to do 主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could

16、/might+ 動(dòng)詞原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.省略if的虛 擬條件句將虛擬條件從句中的were , had,should放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝 Should he come ,tell him to ring me up. Were I you,I would not do it. Had I been free,I would have visited you.混合虛擬條 件句不同時(shí)間的虛擬：各遵守各的規(guī)則 If he had listened to me, he would not be in troub

17、le now. If he had told me yesterdayshould know what to do now. If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.虛擬與陳述的混合：各遵守各的規(guī)則 He could have passed the exam,but he wasn' t careful enough. You should have come earlier.The bus left a moment ago.含蓄虛擬 條件句but for+名詞表小虛擬條件句子或主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的 形式視具體情況而

18、定。這是 考查考生應(yīng)變能力的最佳試 題。-But for your timely warning,weinto great trouble.-You know we 're friends.A. would getB. must have gotC. would have gotD. cant have gotwithout+名詞表小虛擬條件Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.動(dòng)詞不定式表示虛擬條件It would be only pa

19、rtly right to follow in this way.如果用這種方式，僅僅對了一半?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示虛擬條件Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及時(shí)得知的話，我們也許能阻止這場事故。過去分詞表示虛擬條件Given more attention, the tree could have grown better. 如果多留心的話，這樹本來可以長的更好。副詞otherwise表小虛擬條件I was too busy at that time.Otherwise,I would have called yo

20、u.我當(dāng)時(shí)太忙，否則我就給你打電話了。連tbut連接的句子表示虛擬條件Hefatter but he eats too little .A. would becomeB. would have becomeC. must becomeD. must have become其它狀語從句as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動(dòng)詞用did或had+done或would/ could / might + do。注息：as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中也可以用陳述語氣：當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)：It sounds as if it is raining 聽起來像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk.從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反He talks as if he knew where she was .與過去事實(shí)相反He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.與將來事實(shí)相反He opened his mouth as if he would say something.in order that/so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動(dòng)詞用can/cou