英語專四寫作sentence unity and coherence

1、 Sentence Unity & CoherenceSentence Unity (完整性）完整性）n n Unity means oneness, which demands that one sentence should express only one complete idea.n1. Du Fu was a great poet.n2. My father loves mountain climbing and he is a lawyer.n3. Born in a small town in the early 50s, he grew up to be a famo

2、us musician.n4. I was sitting alone. It was about four oclock in the afternoon. Suddenly someone knocked at my door. I opened the door. I found Mr. Bennet.Principles to keep sentence unity:n1. Dont put irrelative ideas in one sentence n A. Separate important ideasn Thank you for all you have done fo

3、r me and I hope you will write to me before long.n Thank you for all you have done for me. I hope you will write to me before long.B. Omit unimportant ideas that dont help to achieve the purposen The water, where lots of seaweeds and fish lived, was so rough that we had to bail out the boat.n The wa

4、ter was so rough that we had to bail out the boat.2. Dont separate relative ideas A. Subordinate unimportant ideas that help to perfect the main idea I was sitting alone. It was about four oclock in the afternoon. Suddenly someone knocked at my door.n When I was sitting alone at about four oclock in

5、 the afternoon, someone knocked at my door.B. Put similar or paired ideas in a compound structurenI opened the door. I found Mr. Bennet.n I opened the door and found Mr. Bennet.Exercise:n1. I saw a man, he was wicked looking, and he ran towards us.n2. Under a big tree there was a chair made of willo

6、w wood. I found it near the lake and I sat down.n3. I carried a swimming circle to protect myself. I was afraid of being sunk. Someone else accompanied me.n4. Take an umbrella with you. You will get wet.n5. One day they will be punished by history. The day is not far off.n1. I saw a wicked looking m

7、an running towards us.n2. Under a big tree near the lake, I found a chair and I sat down.n3. I carried a swimming circle to protect myself because I was afraid of being sunk although someone else accompanied me.n4. Take an umbrella with you, or you will get wet.n5.The day when they will be punished

8、by history is not far off.n6. My grandmother is very old.n She is 80.n She has good health.n She can walk with ease.n7. At drive in restaurants, people drive up to a window, and they order the food, and a worker hands it to them through the window, and they eat it in their car.n8. We entered the sho

9、p, and a salesman greeted us, and all kinds of shoes were on the shelves, and the prices were quite reasonable, and a lot of people were buying them.n6.Though my grandmother is now 80 years old, she has good health and can walk with ease.n7. At drive in restaurants, people drive up to a window. They

10、 order the food, and a worker hands it to them through the window. Then they eat it in their car.n8. When we entered the shop, a salesman greeted us. All kinds of shoes were on the shelves, and the prices were quite reasonable. A lot of people were buying them.Sentence coherence （連貫性）（連貫性）n A senten

11、ce is coherent when its words or parts are properly connected and their relationships are unmistakenly clear.n1. A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds. (Faulty parallelism)nRevised: n A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.nOr: n A man is judged no

12、t only by his words but also by his deeds. n2. We thought she was charming, intelligent and a very capable young woman.nRevised: n We thought she was charming, intelligent and very capable.nOr: n We thought she was a charming, intelligent and very capable young woman.n3. We learn and help each other

13、. (Omission of important words)nRevised: n We learn from and help each other.n4. We have great faith and high hopes for her.nRevised: nWe have great faith in and high hopes for her.n5. She told my sister that she was wrong. (Faulty pronoun. Reference)nRevised: n “Im wrong,” she said to my sister.nOr

14、: n She admitted to my sister that she was wrong.n6.He was knocked by a bicycle, but it was not serious. (Unnecessary shift in pronoun)nRevised: n He was knocked by a bicycle, but was not seriously hurt.n7. Students should learn to analyze and solve problems independently. Dont rely on your teachers

15、 help. (Unnecessary shift in pronoun)nRevised: n Students should learn to analyze and solve problems independently. They should not rely on their teachers help. n8. Our coach before he went to Harbin to see his grandmother was ill. (Sentence parts in disorder)nRevised:n Our coach was ill before he w

16、ent to Harbin to see his grandmother.n9. To teach him a lesson, he was fined 5 dollars. (Modifier errors)nRevised: n To teach him a lesson, the police fined him 5 dollars.Exercise:n1. He heard the cries of geese saved Rome.n2. I dont know his exact age. Im sure it is older than you.n3. Jack and Edit

17、h were chiefly divorced because they no longer loved each other.n4. Being no longer young, it is hard to get a job.n5. This composition, except for a few spelling mistakes which are found here and there, is good.n1. He heard that the cries of geese saved Rome.n2. I dont know his exact age. Im sure h

18、e is older than you.n3. Jack and Edith were divorced chiefly because they no longer loved each other.n4. Being no longer young, he finds it hard to get a job.n5. This composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes which are found here and there.n6. These people lived in small houses with no

19、room and no money for books.n7. Tell Helen, if she is at home, Ill come to see her.n8. Glancing out of the window, a beautiful view attracted my attention.n9. I nearly finished reading 10 books during the vacation.n10. Ill go to the lecture, for I like his poems.n6. These people living in small hous

20、es had no room and no money for books.n7. Tell Helen Ill come to see her if she is at home.n8. Glancing out of the window, I was attracted by a beautiful view.n9. I finished reading nearly 10 books during the vacation.n10. Ill go to the lecture, for I like the speakers poems.Making an Outline n One

21、Way to Solve the ProblemnIt is now generally accepted that vehicles are a major source of pollution in cities. You are to suggest ONE way to solve the problem.nThesis : to establish an efficient and clean public transportation systemnReasons:n1. The convenient public transportation system will surel

22、y reduce the demand for private cars.n2. Being supported by government, its possible for us to use cleaner power such as electricity in public transportation vehicles.nOne Way to Solve Pollution from Vehiclesn n Cities are not as clean as they were 10 years ago, which has become a serious problem de

23、serving our great concern. One important source of air pollution, generally believed, is vehicles, which emit a large amount of waste gases into the air. To solve the problem, many and varied proposals have been presented, like limiting the number of vehicles, and using smokeless fuel. My advice is that electricity replacing fuel should be an effective way to solve pollution from vehicles.n Electricity contributes to the solution to vehicle pollution for two reasons. The first reason is that electricity is a clean power. Unlike fuel containing toxics, electricity will not e