英語各類語態(tài)

1、一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法:1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:is / am / are + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我們教室每天都被打掃。I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力學(xué)習(xí)。Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用來切東西的。2. 一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:was / were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龍蛋

2、被放置了很久很久。3. 一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:will+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞A new hospital will be built in our city. 我們城市將要修建一家新醫(yī)院。Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年會(huì)種更多的樹。4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:am / is / are + being + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行車。They are plan

3、ting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them. 他們?cè)谀抢锓N植的樹木。5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:has / have + been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞This book has been translated into many languages. 這本書被翻譯成多種文字。Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在許多國家有許多人造衛(wèi)星被送上了太空。6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:was/wer

4、e + being + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.當(dāng)他的父母趕到醫(yī)院的時(shí)候這個(gè)男孩正在做手術(shù)。The new road was being made.這條新路正在修筑。7.過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:had + been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老師來之前,教室尚未打掃。The tickets had been sold out before I c

5、ame to the cinema.在門票被銷售一空前我趕到了電影院。8.將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:shall/will + have doneThey will have been married for 20 years by then. 屆時(shí),他們結(jié)婚將滿20周年。The project will have been completed before May.該項(xiàng)目將在五月前完成。9.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Young trees must be watered often. 小樹需要經(jīng)常澆水。Your mistakes should be c

6、orrected right now. 你應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在就改正你的錯(cuò)誤。The door may be locked inside. 這扇門可以反鎖。Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作業(yè)可以明天交。二、怎樣把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)?把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)非常簡單,可以遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟:1. 先找出謂語動(dòng)詞;2. 再找出謂語動(dòng)詞后的賓語;3. 把賓語用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語;4. 注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every

7、 week. 布魯斯每星期寫一封信。2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 李雷今天上午在修理壞的自行車。3. He has written two novels so far.Two novels have been written b y him so far. 至今他已寫了兩部小說。4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.Ten trees will be planted by them tomorr

8、ow. 他們明天將要種植十棵樹。5. Lucy is writing a letter now.A letter is being written by Lucy now. 露西正在寫信。6. You must lock the door when you leave.the door must be locked when you leave. 當(dāng)你離開的時(shí)候你必須把門鎖上。三、使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題:1. 不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。What will happen in 100 years?一百年里會(huì)發(fā)生什么事?The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 mil

9、lion years ago. 約65萬年前恐龍滅絕。2. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。This pen writes well. 這支鋼筆很好寫。This new book sells well. 這本新書賣的很好。3. 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式,主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不帶to ,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),須加上to 。例:make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wa

10、llet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一個(gè)女孩看到我的錢夾掉了當(dāng)她經(jīng)過的時(shí)候。The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 這個(gè)老板讓這小男孩干重活。4. 如果是接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),直接賓語(物作主語,那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞,這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。He gave me a book.A book wa

11、s given to me by him. 他給了我一本書。He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him. 他給我展示了一張票。My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 我父親給我買了一輛新自行車。5. 一些動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),動(dòng)詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體,而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。We cant laugh at him. He cant be laugh at by us. 我們不能嘲笑他。He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day. 他每天都收聽廣播。The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken ca