新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第1課筆記

1、Lesson 1 A private conversationangry adj.生氣的angrily adv.生氣地attention n.注意bear v.容忍business n.事rudely adv.無(wú)禮地，粗魯?shù)囟ⅰ綨ew words and expressions生詞和短語(yǔ)(12) private adj.私人的 conversation n.談話 theatre n.劇場(chǎng)，戲院 seat n.座位 play n.戲loudly adv.大聲地1、private (1) adj.私人的 同義詞：personal private life 私生活 private school 私

2、立學(xué)校 private letter 私人信件 private conversation 私人談話private company 私人公司 private secretary 私人秘書private affairs 私事That is for your private ear.那是說(shuō)給你一個(gè)人聽(tīng)的秘密。It's my private letter.（如果媽媽想看你的信）It's my private house.（如果陌生人想進(jìn)你的房子）-private 強(qiáng)調(diào)隱私-personal僅指?jìng)€(gè)人的，不強(qiáng)調(diào)隱私，沒(méi)有秘密可言（2） adj.秘密的同義詞：secreta private/

3、secret place 個(gè)秘密的地方（3） adj.普通的private citizen 普通公民I'm a private citizen. （citizen n. 公民）private soldier 大兵« Private Ryan» （拯救大兵瑞恩）（4） public adj.公眾的，公開(kāi)的（private的反義詞）public school 公立學(xué)校 public letter 公開(kāi)信 public place公共場(chǎng)所=in private=in public（不愿讓別人知道的）內(nèi)容可正式可不正式，也可以私人。Let's have a talk

4、。閑聊，就是北京人說(shuō)的“侃”，說(shuō)的是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的事。對(duì)話，可以指正式國(guó)家與國(guó)家會(huì)談。China and Korea are having a dialogue。指非正式談話。一般用于正式文體中。（5） privately adv.私人、秘密 publicly adv.公開(kāi)（6） privacy n.隱私It's privacy.這是我的隱私!2、conversation n.談話talkchat dialogueconversation（1） 交談gossip名詞變動(dòng)詞 sayspeakspeechdiscussdiscussionThey are having a conversati

5、on。嚼舌頭，說(shuō)長(zhǎng)道短。vt.表不說(shuō)的內(nèi)容表示講語(yǔ)言時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞；speak English、speak Chinese表示說(shuō)話、談話時(shí)，是不及物動(dòng)詞n.談話，交談?dòng)兄鴩?yán)肅目的的討論n.討論subject of conversation 話題t talk、conversation(2) have a < dialogue > with sb.與某人交談chat、gossip )have a talk with sb.=talk with sb.have a conversation with sb.=conversate with sb.have a chat with sb.=

6、chat with sb.talk with/to sb. 和某人談話talk about談?wù)搕alk with/to sb. about sth.和某人談?wù)撃呈翴 have a quiet consation with my closest friend.我和我最好的朋友進(jìn)行密談。I saw him in conversation with a friend.我看見(jiàn)他在和朋友談話。No conversation while I m talking.我講話的時(shí)候不要談話。We had a long chat about old times. 我們聊了許多關(guān)于過(guò)去的事。be in convers

7、ation with sb.和在聊天表示狀態(tài)be having conversation with sb.He is nothing but a gossip.他就是個(gè)愛(ài)嚼舌頭的人。(3) converse v.談話，交談converse with sb. 和某人談話(4) have words with sb.與爭(zhēng)吵3、theatre= theater （美式用法）n.劇場(chǎng)（=play house （口語(yǔ)化），戲居U 類似的單詞：metre= meter （美式用法）centre = center (美式用法)theatre goer 戲迷-play goercinema n.電影院dram

8、a opera多指歌劇play看電影= go to the movies = go to the film看戲聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)上學(xué)（1）地點(diǎn)名詞前必須加定冠詞的寸 cinemago to the J theatreconcert（2）地點(diǎn)名詞前通常不加定冠詞的f schoolhospital church go toprisoncollege sea town住院 作禮拜坐牢 上大學(xué)洗海澡 進(jìn)城以上的名詞表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)前面可以加the,意為“去地方”表達(dá)某種身份時(shí)不能加(He is in prison.He is in the prison.-go to college go to the college

9、the。他在坐牢。他在監(jiān)獄里。上大學(xué)去大學(xué)辦事4、seat (1) n.座位take a seat/ take your seat 坐下來(lái)，就坐take q a/one's seat 請(qǐng)坐"have ".相關(guān)詞組：offer sb. a seat給某人讓座get a seat找個(gè)座have a good seat/ place坐的位置不錯(cuò)one's指對(duì)號(hào)入座a指隨便就座這里的seat指place (指地點(diǎn))，而不是chair。Is the seat taken?這個(gè)位置有人嗎？(2) seat vt.讓某人就座seat sb.讓某人就坐，后面會(huì)加人he se

10、ated me in/on a comfortable sofa.在沙發(fā)上、本子上用 on或in均可。(3)請(qǐng)坐的4種說(shuō)法：英語(yǔ)最為地道的說(shuō)法他讓我坐在一張舒服的沙發(fā)上。l Sit down,please.(命令性)口語(yǔ)化的Take your seat,please.Seat yourself,please. Be seated,please.(更禮貌)代表狀態(tài)(4)作為動(dòng)詞的seat與sit的區(qū)別sit (sat, sitten) vi.就座He is sitting there.他坐在那兒。Seat yourselfosit down 坐下(5)be seated=take a seat

11、就坐有一些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞時(shí)，等于它的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)hurt 、h hurtdressoneself =; beJdresseddevote><devotedseatseated(He devoted himself to the education.He was devoted to the education.be seated = be sitting正在坐著他把自己奉獻(xiàn)給教育事業(yè)。表小狀態(tài)I found him sitting in/on a comfortable sofa.(賓補(bǔ))我發(fā)現(xiàn)他坐在一張舒服的沙發(fā)上。seated in/on a comfortable sofa

12、.I found that hewas seated in/on a comfortable sofa. (that從句)" was sitting in/on a comfortable sofa. find -think l后接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或從句多用賓補(bǔ)believeI found him listening to th music.I found her beautiful.(6) vt. 容納 相當(dāng)于 hold、accommodateThe hall can seat 100 person.這個(gè)大廳可以容納100 人。5、play (1) vt.進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)玩運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，前面不加

13、定冠詞theplay football踢足球play cards打牌play basketball打籃球play chess下棋play volleyball打羽毛球玩樂(lè)器時(shí)，前面要加定冠詞theplay the violin拉小提琴play the piano彈鋼琴play the guitar 彈吉他玩弄、擺弄fire 玩火toys玩玩具去看戲強(qiáng)調(diào)聲音大強(qiáng)調(diào)出聲，不一定是大聲不但聲音大而且嘈雜朗讀大聲笑大聲講話大聲敲打大聲按鈴大聲點(diǎn)揚(yáng)聲器(2) vi.玩 play with play with(3) n.戲劇 g go to the theatre “j go to see a play

14、comedy喜居 1二 tragedy 悲劇 playwright n.居U作家 6、loudly adv.大聲地(1) loudadv.&adj._aloudadv.loudlyadv.(2) read aloud laugh loud talk loud knock loudly ring loudly Louder, please. loud speakerHe speaks in a loud/high voice. In a low voice In a strong voice In a weak voiceloud在使用時(shí)一般都用比較級(jí)loud adj.他大聲講話。低聲不

15、但聲音大而且有底氣聲音小且微弱7、angry adj.生氣的(1) angry =crossI was angry. /He was cross。有些鬧心生氣非常生氣臉色發(fā)青（臉色都青了，相當(dāng)生氣了）annoy trouble disturb annoyed 惱火的； be blue in the face臉上突然變色I(xiàn) was annoyed oI was angry/cross。I was very angry。深 VI am blue in the face.(2) be angry woth sb.生某人的氣be angry at/about/over sth. 因?yàn)槎鷼?3) an

16、ger n.怒氣He's full of anger.他彳艮生氣。= he is very angry.表達(dá)心中的情感通常用be full of來(lái)表達(dá)，最為地道。(4) angrily adv.生氣地=with angerHe is looking at me angrily.with anger.介詞詞組表達(dá)情感時(shí)用 with ,等于它的副詞。 difficultly = with difficultsmlingly = with a smile8、attention n.注意(U.) 詞根：attendAttention , please.請(qǐng)注意(口 語(yǔ))pay attention

17、 注意pay attention to 對(duì)注意參加、照顧to是介詞You must pay attention to that girl.pay a little attention pay much attention pay more attention pay no attention pay little attention pay close attention pay enough attentionk pay some attention l Attention!Stand to attention. Stand at ease.稍加注意多加注意更多注意不用注意不太注意特別注意足

18、夠關(guān)注在思立正 口語(yǔ)化正式用法稍息9、bear (bore, born) v. 容忍(1) vt.承受，支撐，承擔(dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)Can the ice bear my weight?Who will bear the cost? 誰(shuí)來(lái)承擔(dān)這筆費(fèi)用？(2) vt.忍受(一般與表示"能夠"的字眼，如can、could、be able to連用于疑問(wèn)句及否定句中)She eats too fast. I can' t bear to watch/watching her.她吃得太快。我看著受不了。How can you bear living in this place? 你怎么

19、能受得了住在這個(gè)地方？I can't bear it.生育孩子把記在心里我會(huì)把它記在心里。b bear stand 忍受，容忍 e endure put up with 、suffer(3) vt.生育be born 生于一 bear a child give birth to sb.(4) vt.懷有的情感 bear sth. in mind I ll bear it in mind.bear/stand/endure忍受的極限在加大多指承受自然、病痛等比較生硬委婉的說(shuō)法記起(原來(lái)記過(guò))記住(原來(lái)沒(méi)記過(guò))(5)記住remember/recall/recollect-Jmemorize

20、J背誦recitelearn sth. by heart(6) bear n.熊bear hug 熱情(熱烈)的擁抱give sb. a bear hug10、business n.事，生意(1) n.生意business man 生意人do business 做生意 go on business 公出(2) n.某人自己的私人的事情t thing所有的事都可以用thing來(lái)表示matter多指麻煩事事d affair (s)指國(guó)際大事business多指商業(yè)、生意上的事、incident指特殊的一件小事，尤其指巧合的小事It's none of your business. 不關(guān)你的

21、事。(3)職業(yè)What's your job?你是做什么工作的？What do you do?J What are you?What line/business are you in?What's your occupation?11、rudely adv.無(wú)禮地，粗魯?shù)?1) rude adj.粗魯?shù)?，無(wú)禮的 同義詞：impolite 反義詞：polite be rude to sb. 對(duì)某人粗魯a rude answer 粗魯?shù)幕卮?2)表示人們的心理情感的形容詞變名詞時(shí)多用-nessrudeness n.粗魯kindnessgoodness(3) shout at cry

22、 atshout to cry tocall out topoint at sb.at表示近距離，且多含有侮辱的意思to表示遠(yuǎn)距離，不含有侮辱成分指著某人(很不禮貌的)(4) It's +被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)名詞 L,表語(yǔ)形容詞JIt's rude of sb. to do sth.+ of/for sb. that從句 +J doingto do sth.It's + adj. + for sb. 此類形容詞有：dangerous、表示這件事對(duì)某人的影響結(jié)果，人是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者safe easy、 difficult 、 hard、 different > necssary、

23、 essential、normal > importantIt's important for you to study English.It's easy for them to help you.It's dangerous for him to walk outside.It's + adj. + of sb.表示這件事反映某人的品質(zhì)止匕類形容詞有：rude、 kind、 friendly、 polite、 nice、 cruel It's+ n. + of/for sb.常用的名詞有： a pity、a shame fun It's

24、 a pity for him to miss the class. It's n no use doing no goodIt's no use crying now.12、pay vt. &vi.支付(1) vt. &vi.支付(價(jià)款等)Have you paid the taxi-driver?You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds 您可以先付 30 英鎊的定金I ' ll pay by instments。I paid 50 dollars for this skirt. (pay-for sth.花/支付(

25、錢)買)(2) vt. &vi.給予(注意等)；去(訪問(wèn))They did not pay any attention 。We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday.上星期天我們?nèi)グ菰L了老師。(3) n.工資，報(bào)酬I have not received my pay yet. 我還沒(méi)有領(lǐng)至U工資。二、Grammer(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1、結(jié)構(gòu)(1)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形(2)主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞+非動(dòng)詞2、常用的時(shí)間副詞(1)頻率副詞always、 usually、 often、 sometimes、ever、 never、seldom (=rarely)、f

26、requently(2) in the morning > at night、on Sunday、every+時(shí)間名詞(3)次數(shù)十時(shí)間段以上的詞均用 how often提問(wèn)。測(cè)試答案：(1) The teacher asked us to read aloud.老師讓我們朗讀。The teacher let us read aloud.(2) He laughed at (made fun of) me in public, and I couldn 't bear him. 他在公共場(chǎng) 合嘲笑我，我無(wú)法忍受他。(3) It's dangerous for you to

27、play with fire in thde street.在大街上玩火是彳艮危險(xiǎn)的。that you play with fire in the street.(4) He cried/shouted at me angrily/with anger.他生氣地向我喊叫。(5) I seated him in a comfortable place.(6) I often go tothe theatre. 我經(jīng)常去看戲。I see a play.(7) He doesn't pay any attention to may words.他根本不注意我的話。He pays on att

28、ention to may words.(8) Can the hall seat 500 people.這個(gè)大廳能容納 500 人嗎？(9) 9) By the end of last year, he had been in college for three years.至怯年年底，他已經(jīng)上大學(xué)三年了。(10) This is a private computer, you can't use it.這是一部私人電腦，你不能用它。3、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法：(11) 示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(12) 示客觀規(guī)律或自然現(xiàn)象。The earth runs/moves/travels around

29、 the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。Light travels fast.光速很快。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。(13) 示主語(yǔ)的特征、身份、狀態(tài)等等。He's a teacher.They 're happy.以下動(dòng)詞能表達(dá)主語(yǔ)的身份、狀態(tài)等：live、work、studyI live in Panjin.He studies hard.(14) 示主語(yǔ)的愛(ài)好、能力等。I like English.like、know、understand 永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有進(jìn)行時(shí)。I speak En

30、glish well. well 在這里表達(dá)能力。(15) 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，時(shí)態(tài)為：主將從現(xiàn)表示時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞：when、as soon as after> before表示條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞：if、unless (= if not)表示讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞：no matter how雖然但是I will run into the room as soon as it rains.從現(xiàn)if用在真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，適用于“主將從現(xiàn)”。Unless he comes, I will call him. = If he doesn't come, I will cal

31、l him.如果他不來(lái)，我將給他打電話。no matter 不管no matter+疑問(wèn)詞=疑問(wèn)詞+ -ever，No matter how much advice you give, he won 't follow.-J_ However much advice you give, he won 't follow.(6)表示計(jì)劃好或安排好的動(dòng)作(句子中要有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))常用的動(dòng)詞有：begin、 leave、 start、 go、 come、 arrive> stop、 open、 shut、 return等，且主語(yǔ)大多都是物。The train leaves a

32、t eight. 火車 8 點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)。The meeting starts/begins at eight. 將在 8 點(diǎn)鐘召開(kāi)會(huì)議。(二)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1、構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)+ be+ doing2、時(shí)間詞(1)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)now = at present= at the moment = for the time being(2)表示時(shí)間段this days、this year、this month 表示這段時(shí)間一直在做一件事，但說(shuō)話這一刻不一定在做。(3)前或后有祈使句，用進(jìn)行時(shí)The train is coming. Hurry!(4)前面的句子有時(shí)間條件，后面的句子用進(jìn)行時(shí)。it可以表達(dá)天氣、距離、時(shí)

33、間等It's 3, the students are studying in the classroom.It's fall, the leaves are falling.(5)表示發(fā)展、變化的動(dòng)詞，用進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)常用的動(dòng)詞有：get、becomeIt's getting colder.(6) always> frequently用在現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)陳述事實(shí)，用在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示報(bào)怨或贊美的語(yǔ)氣。-He always helps others.他總是幫助別人。: He's always helping others.They are always making no

34、ises.他們總是弄出噪音。They always make noises.(7)短暫動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)。Come、go、die、leaveHe is dying.他快死了。When is he coming?他什么時(shí)候來(lái)？(8)以圖片為背景，介紹圖片里的情況時(shí)，用進(jìn)行時(shí)。(9)可以表達(dá)說(shuō)話者非常關(guān)切的口氣。How are you feeling?(三)一般將來(lái)時(shí)十一種：1、主語(yǔ)+be+going+to do2、主語(yǔ)+ will/shall+do3、短暫動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)。4、打算性動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)want、hope、mean、intend> aim、plan 后接 to

35、do,永遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)5、主語(yǔ)+ be+to do6、主語(yǔ)+ be +about+to do7、主語(yǔ)+ set out/off+to do8、主語(yǔ)+ set about+doing9、主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ do10、祈使句可代表將來(lái)時(shí)11、主語(yǔ)+ be+due to+do(二)將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間詞1、tomorrow 類的tomorrow、the day after tomorrow、tomorrow evening、the day after tomorrow in the evening (后天晚上)2、next+時(shí)間名詞next year、the year after next3、in +時(shí)間段=i

36、n+時(shí)間段's+time2011-07-24soon= shortly = before long 不久之后in the future 遙遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)，未來(lái)in future很近的將來(lái)=from now on 從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始的時(shí)間after + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)after Mayin +時(shí)間段some dayone day有可能用將來(lái)時(shí)，也可以用過(guò)去時(shí)3、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法(1) 主語(yǔ)+ be+ going to表達(dá)個(gè)人打算主觀意圖比較強(qiáng)烈(2) will表達(dá)客觀或自然性Next year will be 2002.I will be 12 next year.Fish will die without

37、water.Turn right,you will see the school.There will be a class tomorrow.明天將會(huì)有一堂課。 There is going to be a class tomorrow.There be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“存在”，某處有某物Have表示“有，擁有”，主語(yǔ)必須為有生命的名詞。There is going to be rain tomorrow.There will be rain tomorrow.正式用法It will rain tomrrow.will含有個(gè)人的祝愿和意愿的意思，對(duì)于一件事情的可能性、遙遠(yuǎn)的事情也用willwill含

38、有個(gè)人心甘情愿的意思shall用于陳述句時(shí)，多指法條，含有命令的意思，意為“應(yīng)該" ，比should語(yǔ)氣更為強(qiáng) 烈I believe that China will be stronger and stronger.Oil and water can't mix together.won't可以表達(dá)“不能”,相當(dāng)于can't.My pen won't work.我的筆壞了。表示“容量”時(shí)，可以用 will表達(dá)，相當(dāng)于can.The hall will seat 100 people.(3) be to do直接表打算，表示命令或要求的口氣(4) be

39、about to do最迫在眉睫的，眼看要發(fā)生的，最緊迫的be about to do沒(méi)有特別的時(shí)間詞，后面往往接when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句He was about to die when we found him.當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他的時(shí)候，他眼看就要死了。The train will leave at 8.火車將在 8 點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)。The train leaves at 8The train is leaving at 8.(5) be due to do表達(dá)有一定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)(6) set out/off to do著手去做set out/off單獨(dú)用時(shí)，意為"出發(fā)"四、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1

40、、結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+was/were+非動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式助動(dòng)詞是didused to dowould do2、時(shí)間詞(7) yesterday last night the day before yesterday the year before lastThe day before yesterday in the evening(8) last+時(shí)間名詞(3)時(shí)間段+ago(4)明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間 long long ago=once upon a time(6) before +單詞-從句J(7) one day 天 once 曾經(jīng) the other day 幾天前 in the old d

41、ays 在過(guò)去白時(shí)光 then 那時(shí)3、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法(1)應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞都可以用在過(guò)去時(shí)，但要有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間(2)談到死去的人要用過(guò)去時(shí)LeiFeng was a nice comrade.(3)表示過(guò)去的一連串動(dòng)作，沒(méi)說(shuō)明確的時(shí)間(4)時(shí)間、讓步、條件狀語(yǔ)從句，也適用于“主將從現(xiàn)” ，主句是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，從句是 一般過(guò)去時(shí)。多用于間接引語(yǔ)。He said he would tell you when he saw you.他說(shuō)他見(jiàn)到你就會(huì)告訴你。(5) wish、wonder、hope、think用它們做主句的頭，從句表示試探性的語(yǔ)氣I thought you may have

42、some advice. 我想你應(yīng)該有些建議。=Can you give me someadvice?(6) when引導(dǎo)的從句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句以過(guò)去類為主。五、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1、結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ) +was/were going to doWould doWas/were to doWas/were about to do過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)不能單獨(dú)使用，需放在各種從句中使用。He asked me if there was going to be rain tomorrow.They wondered (wanted to know ) when I could finished the task.他們想知道我

43、什么時(shí)間完成任務(wù)。六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主語(yǔ) +was/were+doing(1)用在講故事的背景It was a winter, the wind was blowing strongly/hard, the snow was falling, a little girl was walking in/on the street.(2)在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻at that time/moment=then 在那時(shí)At that time, he was smoking.at this time+過(guò)去時(shí)間At this time yesterday, he was sleeping.at+鐘點(diǎn)+過(guò)去時(shí)間At

44、 3 o 'clock yesterday, he was playing basketball.always用在過(guò)去進(jìn)行進(jìn)也可表達(dá)贊美或抱怨的語(yǔ)氣。復(fù)合句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，其中的一個(gè)句子一定是過(guò)去時(shí)，另外一個(gè)句子的動(dòng)詞是延 續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。When I came in, she was cooking dinner.When she was cooking dinner, I came in.(七)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有兩種形式：已完成式，到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)做完某事動(dòng)詞都是短暫動(dòng)詞He has left.未完成式，到現(xiàn)在為止，尚在發(fā)展進(jìn)行當(dāng)中動(dòng)詞都是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞He has lived

45、here for three years.和過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別He was a teacher.He has been a teacher.過(guò)去時(shí)有明確的時(shí)間完成時(shí)的時(shí)間比較模糊1、結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+have/has+donehave/has 是助動(dòng)詞2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(1)時(shí)間副詞：already> still、just、 yet、ever、never、before> lately> recentlyalready在肯定句中，行前 be后He has already come.j用在疑問(wèn)句句尾，表達(dá)驚訝的語(yǔ)氣二 Has he come already?still在肯定句和疑問(wèn)句中譯為“仍然、還

46、” ，位置是行前be后It's still early.1在否定句中譯為“尚未”，位置是助動(dòng)詞之前、He still hasn't come.still作為形容詞時(shí)，意為“寧?kù)o的，寂靜的”still作為連詞用時(shí)，意為“但是，然而” ，屬委婉轉(zhuǎn)折，可以和“雖然”放在 一起。yet用在否定句或疑問(wèn)句句尾 hardly ever=almost everhardly any=almost noI have hardly any money.=I have almost no money.He hardly ever goes shopping.=He almost never goes shopping.before可以用在時(shí)間段之后，也可以單獨(dú)使用。lately和recently意為"最近”，通常用在完