高中英語時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

1、.wd英語時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)態(tài)：時(shí)態(tài)名稱構(gòu)造常連用的詞根本用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. be動(dòng)詞用am/is/are，后接n./a./prep.often;usually;every;sometimes;always;never;seldom;once/twice/ a week/month/year;on Sundays/Mondays/.;1) 表示現(xiàn)在存在的習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 He takes a walk after supper every day. The children go to school at seven every morning.2) 表示主語的特征、性格、能力等。

2、The children draw well. Does she like sports?3) 表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。 The sun rises in the east. Two plus two makes four. Knowledge is power.4在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動(dòng)作。 When they leave school, they will go to work in Tibet. If You see him，will you tell him to ring me? We'll visit the cotton mill if it is fine t

3、omorrow.5表示安排或方案好的將來的動(dòng)作(一般只限于某些表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如go，come，arrive, leave，begin, start等)，這種安排很固定，不易改變。 The train starts at ten o'clock in the morning. The film begins in a minute. When does the Japanese Youth delegation leave for Xian?2. 行為動(dòng)詞用v.或v.-s、-es.一般過去時(shí)1be動(dòng)詞用過去式was或 were表示。yesterday;the day before ye

4、sterday;last week/month/year/.; ago;a moment ago;just now;on/in+過去的時(shí)間;1) 表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) We had a good swim last Sunday. She suddenly fell ill yesterday.2) 表達(dá)過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一件件事。 He got up early in the morning，fetched water，swept the yard and then went out to work.3) 表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 When my brother was a te

5、enager，he played table tennis almost every day. It used to be difficult to get drinking water here.其他用法：(1) 在賓語從句中，由于時(shí)態(tài)照應(yīng)的關(guān)系，可用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在： I didnt know you were here. 我不知道你在這兒。(were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在) I didnt know you were so busy我沒想到你這么忙。(were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在)(2) 表示客氣委婉的現(xiàn)在： I wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚

6、是否有空。 I thought you might like some flowers. 我想您也許想要些花?！咀ⅰ磕苓@樣有的動(dòng)詞主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。(3) 用于某些特殊構(gòu)造中: Its time we started. 我們?cè)搫?dòng)身了。 I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。 Id rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得離我們近點(diǎn)?！咀ⅰ吭撚梅ㄖ饕糜趇ts (high) time, I wish, Id rather, if only, as if, a

7、s though 等少數(shù)構(gòu)造后接從句的情形。(4) 表主觀想法的虛擬條件句也用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在： If I had the money now Id buy a car. 假假設(shè)我現(xiàn)在有錢，我就買輛小汽車。(5) 當(dāng)主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí)。 I have lived in the house since I came to the city. Great changes have taken place since I visited the city.2. 行為動(dòng)詞用V-ed。一般將來時(shí)1. will+v.tomorrow,the day after

8、 tomorrow;soon;next week/month/year/.;the week/month/year/. after next;on/in +將來的時(shí)間；in+一段時(shí)間；.1)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 My daughter will be twelve years old tomorrow. The indoor swimming pool will be open to the public from October 16.2)表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 We shall work in this factory every day.2. is/am/are+going to+V

9、，表示方案打算做什么事。其他形式1)"be going to + v.''多用于口語中，常表示打算、即將、決心去做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事。如： We are going to visit the Museum of Chinese History.我們要去參觀中國(guó)歷史博物館。(表打算) Tom studies very hard. He is going to try for a scholarship.湯姆學(xué)習(xí)非常努力，他將爭(zhēng)取獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。(表決心) Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.瞧那些云，要下雨了。(表估計(jì)

10、可能) The wall is going to collapse! 那墻要倒塌了? (即將)2) go, come, leave, start等表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)來表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a toothache. I'm coming.3)"be about to + v."表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如： The English evening is about to begin.英語晚會(huì)即將開場(chǎng)。 We are about to leave，

11、so there is no time to visit him now.我們就要離開了，所以現(xiàn)在沒有時(shí)間去看他。4)"be to do"表示安排或方案好了的動(dòng)作等。如： The boys are to go to school next week.這些男孩子下周要上學(xué)了。 He and I are to meet at the Shanghai Railway Station.他和我約定在上?；疖囌疽娒?。 I'm to be home before midnight.我午夜前回家。過去將來時(shí)was/were going to +V原形表示對(duì)于過去某一時(shí)間而言將要發(fā)

12、生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用在賓語從句中。 They wanted to know when you would finish the article. We asked him where we should go to work next week.would +V原形其他形式 I was told that the press conference was to be held the next day. I was about to leave when it began to rain. He told me he was leaving soon.進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)：時(shí)態(tài)名稱構(gòu)造常連用的詞主要

13、用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)is/am/are+V-ingnow；at present;at the moment;Look!(放在句首);Listen! (放在句首);1) 表示此時(shí)此刻(說話人說話時(shí))正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作。 What are you doing?I'm doing some washing. Look! It is snowing.2) 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)展著的動(dòng)作，雖然此時(shí)此刻這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能并不在進(jìn)展。 He is working on a paper. They are compiling a dictionary.3) 有時(shí)可表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有"意圖"或&qu

14、ot;打算"的含義(用于go，come，stay，leave，start等表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞)。 They are taking the children to the zoo on Sunday. What are you doing next Sunday?I'm going on a picnic with my wife and daughter.過去進(jìn)展時(shí)was/were+V-ingat that time;at this time yesterday;at+時(shí)間點(diǎn)+yesterday/lastnight;at that moment;1) 表示過去一段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)

15、作。 I was practicing the violin at eight o'clock yesterday evening. She was reading an English magazine when I came in.2表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞go，come，start，stay，leave等的過去進(jìn)展時(shí)，可以表示過去將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.將來進(jìn)展時(shí)will/shall be v-ingat this time +將來時(shí)間點(diǎn)1表示在將來某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作。 Th

16、is time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou. What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning?2表示將來被客觀情況所決定的動(dòng)作或者按照安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 We'll be having tea after dinner as usual. The leaves will be falling soon.過去將來進(jìn)展時(shí)should/would be v-ing1) 表示在過去的將來的某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作。 He asked me what I should be doing

17、 at ten the next day. They said that they would be expecting us the next week.2) 表示在過去某一時(shí)間之后即將或按方案進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作。 He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.完成時(shí)態(tài)：時(shí)態(tài)名稱構(gòu)造常連用的詞主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+ p.p過去分詞already；just；before;yet(否認(rèn)句中)；ever；never； since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)；since+一段時(shí)間+ago;by+現(xiàn)在時(shí)間；so far; up to

18、now; till now; until now;recently/lately;1)表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛完成，漢語常用"了"或"過"來表示。 We have already set up many new factories in this area. The new books have not arrived yet. Many westerners have never seen a giant panda.2還可表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。 How long have you been in Bei

19、jing ? I have been in Beijing for four years. Three years have passed since we left school. Up to now, I have finished two-thirds of the work.3在條件、時(shí)間狀語從句中表示將來某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已完成的動(dòng)作。 Perhaps I'll know more English after I have learnt it for two years.特別注意：1. This is (It is) the first /second time that 句型

20、中，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在“It was the second time that 中，也能用過去完成時(shí)。 This is the second time that I have seen the film. That was the third time that I had visited the place.2. It is (has been) since 句型中，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 It is has been three years since I began to work on the state farm.3.在完成時(shí)中，一個(gè)瞬間性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀

21、語for, since, how long等連用，此時(shí)必須將該瞬間動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。buyhaveborrowkeepcatch/get a coldhave a coldcome / arrive/reach/get tobebecomebegobeput onwearjoinbe ingo to schoolbe a studentdiebe deadbegin/startbe onleavebe awayfall asleepbe asleepopenbe openclose/shutbe closedendbe overmarrybe married He has come

22、 back for three weeks. (×) He has been back for three weeks. () The writer has died for two years. (×) The writer has been dead for two years. () He has left for 6 days. (×) He has been away for 6 days. ()過去完成時(shí)had + p.p過去分詞過去的過去：by+過去的時(shí)間；表“過去某動(dòng)作或時(shí)間以前的時(shí)間狀語。1)過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作。

23、 By the end of last week we had learned ten lessons. In the exhibition he saw many oil paintings that he had never seen before.2) 表示由過去某一時(shí)間開場(chǎng)，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。 It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months. He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 1980.3) 常用語no soon

24、er than 和hardly (scarcely) when 句型的主句中，從句用一般過去時(shí)。倒裝 No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.他一到家，就開場(chǎng)下雨了。 He had hardly got on the train when the train started out. 他剛上火車，火車就開了。4)在would rather, would prefer等后面的從句中，如果表示過去的動(dòng)作或情況，用過去完成時(shí)。 Id rather you had been here yesterday.要是你昨晚在這就好了。將來完成時(shí)w

25、ill/shall have + p.pby +將來時(shí)間by the time +將來時(shí)間表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。 By the end of this week， I shall have finished the book. The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home. When you come tonight at eight o'clock，I shall have written my paper.過去將來完成時(shí)should/would have + p.p表示在過去的將來的某一時(shí)間

26、以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。 He said he would have paid back the money by the end of the week. We told him that we should have returned to the camp by four o'clock. I hoped she would have finished the work before I got back.完成進(jìn)展時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)名稱構(gòu)造主要用法現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)have/has been + v-ing表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開場(chǎng)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在?，F(xiàn)在這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能已經(jīng)終止，也可能仍然在進(jìn)展著。 I

27、have been waiting for you for two hours. He has been working on the paper all day. -How long have you been learning English? -I have been learning English for two years.注意：有些不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如be，have，like，love，know，see，hear等，同樣也不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)，而只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 She has been ill for a long time. I have not seen you

28、for ages.過去完成進(jìn)展時(shí)had been +V-ing表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開場(chǎng)并延續(xù)到過去這個(gè)時(shí)間，這一動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)展，也可能已經(jīng)停頓。 The baby had been crying for fifteen minutes when her mother came in. The teacher had been teaching for forty years by the time he retired. It seemed to her that the boys had been shouting for a long time.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. _ a concert

29、 next Saturday?A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are2. Its good to see you again, Agnes. This has been our first chance to visit since from Iran.A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning3. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont ra

30、in C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine4. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it.A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel5. Sorry, I cant open the door, for Ithe key to it.A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost6. “ What ' s the matter, Ali? You look sa

31、d. “ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I _ of my friends back home. A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinking D. have just thought7. Did you expect Frank to come to the party? No, but I had hoped.A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come8. Bob mus

32、t be very wealthy. Yes, he more in one day than I do in a week.A. has been earned B. had earned C. earns D. has earned9.I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time.A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked10. She _her keys in the office so she had to wait

33、 until her husband _home. A has left; comes B had left; would come C had left; came D left; had come11. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying12. -Mr Gorden asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon . Dont forge

34、t it !-OK. I _ . A. won't B. don't C. will D. do 13. When I reached home, my parents _their supper.A.are having B.have already had C.have hadD. had already had14. She _in this school _the past ten years.A.was teaching, since B. had been teaching, since C.would teach, forD. has been teaching,

35、 for15. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He _ in a radio factory at that time.A. had worked B. has worked C. was working D. has been working16. - What _ when I phoned you?- I _ my work, and I wanted to go out.A. have you done; finished B. were you doing; have finishedC. did you do; had just finished D.

36、 were you doing; had just finished17. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I _ coffee.A. prefer B. preferred C. had preferred D. am preferring18. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never _ him talk so much.A. I heard B. did I hear C. I had heard D. had I heard19. He _ articles for o

37、ur wall-newspaper these three years, and he _ about forty articles.A. has been writing; has written B. had been writing; wroteC. is writing; has been writing D. has written; has written20. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge _ from practice and he gained his experience by

38、 doing a lot of practical work.A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come21. - How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?- I _ yet, but I _ taking a train.A. didnt decide; am considering B. havent decided; considerC. havent decided; am considering D. hadnt decided; have considered22. - Whos the man over there?- Its Ja