初中英語中考總復(fù)習(xí)綜合知識(shí)歸納系列第10輯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語中考總復(fù)習(xí)綜合知識(shí)歸納系列第10輯（共20輯）課文中的基本句型1. S+V 此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,本身能表達(dá)完整的意思,后面不需跟賓語,但有時(shí)可跟副詞、介詞短語等作狀語。如: He laughed. John has read widely. He lives in London.2. S+V+O 此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語。如: Our team beat all the others.3. S+V+P 此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞,不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)表明主語特征、身份、狀態(tài)的

2、表語。常見的系動(dòng)詞有:be(是),become(成為),get(變得),turn(變得),grow(變得),look(看起來),feel(感到),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如: The rose smells sweet.4. S+V+INO+DO 此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語動(dòng)詞跟有兩個(gè)賓語,這兩個(gè)賓語都是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者,其中指人的是間接賓語,指物的是直接賓語。當(dāng)間接賓語放在直接賓語之后時(shí),通常需要加介詞for或to?？筛p賓語的動(dòng)詞有:answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,l

3、end,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write等。如: Mr. Li told us an interesting story.            Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua?5. S+V+O+OC此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語動(dòng)詞雖然跟有一個(gè)賓語,但意思還不完整,必須加上另外一個(gè)成分(賓語補(bǔ)足語)對(duì)賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明?？梢杂米髻e語補(bǔ)足語的有:名詞、形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分

4、詞、介詞短語等。如:      We must keep our school clean.        They made him their monitor.【注】S=Subject(主語); V=Verb(謂語動(dòng)詞);P=Predicative(表語); O=Object(賓語);INO=Indirect Object(間接賓語);DO=Direct Object(直接賓語);OC=Object Complement(賓語補(bǔ)足語)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 句子是語言交

5、流或表達(dá)思想感情的基本單位。要翻譯好句子,做好書面表達(dá),就必須首先掌握句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。句型1: 主語+謂語(狀語)要點(diǎn)精講在這個(gè)句型中,謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面不接賓語,沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但副詞、介詞短語、名詞短語等可以作狀語來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率、原因、結(jié)果、目的、場(chǎng)所、時(shí)間等。在使用該句型時(shí),要特別注意謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化以及各種句型之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換等。方法平移根據(jù)漢語提示完成下面的句子:1. 他既不會(huì)跳舞,也不會(huì)唱歌。He can _ _ _ _. 2. 天黑了,你最好回家。Its dark now. Youd better _ _.3. 我認(rèn)為他能跳三米遠(yuǎn)。I think he c

6、an _ _ _ _ _ _ .Key: 1. neither dance nor sing 2. go home 3. jump as far as three metres句型2:主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語要點(diǎn)精講常見的系動(dòng)詞有:be, look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall, become, turn 等。在此句型中,系動(dòng)詞不是主語發(fā)出的動(dòng)作,表語常由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式短語、名詞從句等充當(dāng)。注意有些形容詞只能作表語而不能修飾名詞,初中階段學(xué)過的有:asleep, alone, alive, afra

7、id, sure , sorry 等。 方法平移1. The couple(A) often visit the old man, so(B) he feels happily(C) all the time(D).(改錯(cuò)) 2. The oranges taste(A) terribly(B). None(C) of us likes(D) them.(改錯(cuò)) (煙臺(tái)市)3. 李老師病情嚴(yán)重,但仍堅(jiān)持工作。硬要她休息恐怕是不可能的。(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子) Mrs. Li _ seriously _, but she still keeps working. I _ _ its not po

8、ssible to make her rest in bed.4. Edison and Einstein _ _ _ _ (都是偉大的科學(xué)家).(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子) 5. Dont eat the food. It _. (單項(xiàng)選擇)A. smells badly B. smells bad C. smells good D. smells well Key: 1. C happilyhappy 2. B terriblyterrible 3. is; ill; am afraid 4. are both great scientists 5. B句型3:主語+謂語+賓語 要點(diǎn)精講在該句

9、型中,謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,后面必須跟賓語句意才能表達(dá)完整、正確。賓語可以是名詞、代詞、不定式、v-ing 形式和賓語從句等。在使用該句型時(shí),注意謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱的變化以及各種句型之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換等。 方法平移1. We planted many trees in our school yard last month. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) (青海省)Many trees_ _ in our school yard last month.2. Melissa got a birthday present. (就劃線部分提問) (四川省)What _ Melissa _?3. 我想知道世界上正

10、在發(fā)生什么事情。(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)(威海市)I want to know_ _ _ in the world.4. You neednt_ _ _(不必為我擔(dān)心). I can_ _ _(照料自己). (根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)(岳陽市)Key: 1. were planted 2. did, get 3. what is happening 4. worry about me; look after myself 句型4:主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語要點(diǎn)精講可以跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞常見的有:ask, bring, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, lend, pas

11、s, pay, read, return, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write等。間接賓語通常放在直接賓語之前,若將間接賓語置于直接賓語之后,則要用介詞to 或 for。方法平移1. 母親節(jié)那天我要給媽媽買件禮物。(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子) I want to buy_ _ _ _ on Mothers Day.2. 請(qǐng)給我看一下你的照片。(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子) Please_ _ _ _. 3. 老師耐心地向?qū)W生解釋了那道數(shù)學(xué)題。(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子) The teacher _ _ _ _ to the students patientl

12、y.4. Her uncle gave her a nice present yesterday. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Her uncle gave a nice present _ _ yesterday. 5. Mother is making me a cake. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) _ _ _ _ _ for me by Mother. Key: 1. my mother a present   2. show me your photo(s)           

13、0; 3. explained the math problem   4. to her    5. A cake is being made句型5:主語 + 謂語 + 賓語+ 賓語補(bǔ)足語 要點(diǎn)精講英語中,有些及物動(dòng)詞只跟賓語意思還不完整,必須再加一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。可以做賓語補(bǔ)足語的是:名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等?？梢越淤e補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見的有:let, make, have, find, think, see, hear, watch, feel, notice等。方法平移1. 我總認(rèn)

14、為學(xué)好英語很重要。 (根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子) I always think _ _  _ _  _ English well. 2. 他的朋友們經(jīng)常叫他戒煙。(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子) His friends often _ _  _ _  _ smoking.3. 你不應(yīng)當(dāng)讓他一個(gè)人去那兒。(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子) You shouldnt_ _  _ there alone.4. Every teacher wishes _ _ _ _ _(學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí))to make progress. (根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子) 5. He tried(A

15、) to make(B) himself hear(C) at the parents' meeting(D).(改錯(cuò))  Key: 1. it very important to learn/ its very important to learn            2. ask him to give up     3. let him go   4. the students to stu

16、dy hard            5. C  hearheard句子的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 英語句子的自然語序是主語在前,謂語在后。把謂語放在主語之前,就叫做倒裝。全部謂語放在主語之前,叫做全部倒裝;只把部分謂語即be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語之前,叫做部分倒裝。1. 存在句(there be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等)需要全部倒裝。如:There once lived an old hunter in the house. 這所房子里曾住過一位老獵人。T

17、here seems to be many listeners. 似乎有很多聽眾。 2. 副詞here, there, now, then等置于句首(經(jīng)常與go, come等動(dòng)詞連用),全句需要全部倒裝。如:Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。Now comes your turn. 現(xiàn)在輪到你了。注意:如果主語是人稱代詞則不用倒裝。如:Here they are. 他們?cè)谶@兒。3. 介詞短語作為地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首,后面如果有l(wèi)ie, live, sit, stand, come, go等動(dòng)詞,全句需要全部倒裝。如:Into the hall came three women.

18、 大廳里走進(jìn)來三位婦女。 In the east of the school lies a big bookshop. 學(xué)校的東邊有一個(gè)大的書店。4. 當(dāng)上文所表達(dá)的含義也適用于另一個(gè)人或物時(shí),要用so/ neither/ nor+be/ 助詞/ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語;此時(shí)謂語的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)應(yīng)與前句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)相一致。如:I have finished my homework.    我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。So has he. 他也做完了。I havent seen that film. 我沒看過那部電影。Neither (Nor) have I.  我也沒有。5. no

19、t only. but also.連接兩個(gè)并列句,且not only置于句首時(shí),前句需要部分倒裝。如:Not only did he dislike the way we spoke, but he disliked the way we dressed. 他不但不喜歡我們說話的方式,而且也不喜歡我們著裝的方式。it句 型1. It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that . BS.? 該句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語，賓語，表語或狀語。強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語如果是人，that可以由who換用。如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完整無缺的句子。這也是判

20、斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其它從句的方法。 Y>mIt was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. LIt was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. JXBIt was in the street that I met her father. 5/L2. It is not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that .:"該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語，譯成漢語直到才，可以說是 not . un

21、til . 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.y= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.9%_5= I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. MI3. It is clear ( obvious,

22、 true, possible, certain.) that .r 該句型中it 是形式主語，真正的主語是that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，常譯為清楚（顯然，真的，肯定）是主語從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。 fMxzIt is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. lW= That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that .E|Qu1該句型和上一個(gè)同屬一個(gè)句型。由于主句中的形

23、容詞不同，that 后的從句中要用虛擬語氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以省去。建議記住該句型中的形容詞。,:It is important that we (should) learn English well. )CXIt is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5V5. It is said (reported, learned.) that .2該句型中的it 仍是形式主語，真正主語是that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句。該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為據(jù)說（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉）。 7It is said that he has come t

24、o Beijing. 4It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.zE6. It is suggested ( ordered . ) that .=kI該句型和上一個(gè)同屬一個(gè)句型。主句中的過去分詞是表示請(qǐng)求，建議，命令等詞時(shí)，that后的從句要用虛擬語氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以省。常譯為據(jù)建議；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. t,oIt was ordered that we ( sh

25、ould ) arrive there in two hours. b)7. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that .U!*該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常譯為竟然。沒有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語氣。 ,mHIt is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class._"這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！ "oIt is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遺憾！ 0)z 8. It is

26、 time ( about time ,high time ) that .b該句型中that 后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，值得注意的是 常用過去時(shí)態(tài)表示虛擬 有時(shí)也用should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should 不能省。常譯為是（正是）的時(shí)侯。 |B)It is time that children should go to bed. s= It is time that children went to bed. $O$r9. It is the first ( second . ) time that .o_%該句型要和上一個(gè)句型區(qū)別開來。該句型中的 that 從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時(shí)態(tài)。至

27、于用什么完成時(shí)態(tài)，由主句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；如果是一般過去時(shí)，后面從句則用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中 that 可以省去；it有時(shí)用 this 替換常譯為是第一（二）次。 It is the first time I have been here. 7%-= This is the first time I have been here. X!z10. It is . since .?該句型主要用作處理瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)，又要和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用的問題。主句中是時(shí)間作表語，其時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或完成時(shí)，since 引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，而且是瞬間

28、動(dòng)詞。如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句則用過去完成時(shí)。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. 11. It is . when .t;U!該句型中的 when 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，主句中的 it 指時(shí)間，表語由具體的時(shí)間充當(dāng)。常譯為當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，是。 lzIt was 5 oclock when he came here. f%12. It be . before .Fi該句型主句中的 it 指時(shí)間, 主句中的時(shí)態(tài)常是將來一般時(shí)或過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)主句中的表語多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示時(shí)間

29、段的詞或短語。常譯為之后。 %r?It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. 9VIt will be not long before he finishes his job. bXlxw13. It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that./TO該句型中it是形式主語，that 引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，主句中的happen , seem等詞是不及物動(dòng)詞|It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧 zIt seems that he

30、 will be back in a few days. 看來 rb14. It takes sb. . to do sth.LN#e該句型中的不定式是真正的主語，it是形式主語，句型中的直接賓語是時(shí)間。常譯為做要花費(fèi)某人。 <Z$It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. b)15. It is no good (use ) doing sth.Y2#9該句型中的真正主語是動(dòng)名詞短語，主句中的表語可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use

31、 )。 NIt is no good learning English without speaking English. Pe16. It doesnt matter whether ( if ) .817D;該句型中whether(if) 引導(dǎo)的從句是真正主語，該句型常譯為不論（是否）沒關(guān)系。 <EsIt doesnt matter if they are old. A#517. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.+1Rp3該句型中的不定式短語是真正主語，如果不定式的邏輯主語是由 of引起，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語特征的形容詞。常見的有： ba

32、d , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good （好心的）, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice（有教養(yǎng)的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong（錯(cuò)誤的）等。 這個(gè)句型可以改寫為：sb. is kind to do sth. <0&It is kind of you to say so. z= You are kind to say so. 8.18. It is necessary (

33、 for sb. ) to do sth.P?U=該句型與上一個(gè)同屬一個(gè)句型。如果不定式的邏輯主語是由for引起，主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等情況的形容詞。常見的形容詞有： important, necessary, natural easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant等。 x/在中的形容詞作表語可以用從句改寫， 如： 0It is important for her to come to the

34、party. y= It is important that she (should ) come to the partyiu(rO19. It looks ( seems ) as if .C U-1O該句型中it無意義。 as if 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語從句。常譯為，看起來好象如果與事實(shí)不相符合，則用虛擬語氣 eIt looks as if he is ill.（真的病了） X'It looks as if he were ill. （沒有生?。?+yIt seemed as if he were dying. #gP20. We think it important to learn

35、a foreign language.,rr該句型中的it 作形式賓語。為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為"6123結(jié)構(gòu)"。6指主句中常用的動(dòng)詞：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；o5$<1指的是形式賓語it； i(=2指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞；/3指的是真正賓語的三種形式：不定式短語，動(dòng)名詞短語或that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 -We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. $XxHe felt it important learning English

36、 well. =GThey found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.句子的種類及用法 按照句子的用途，英語句子可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，英語句子可分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。中考對(duì)句子的考查主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：1. 陳述句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法；2. 祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法；3. 一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法；4. 由what, how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的構(gòu)成形式、用法及區(qū)別對(duì)于各種從句的用法我們?cè)诤竺娣謩e復(fù)習(xí)。一. 陳述句的構(gòu)成形式及基本

37、用法1. 陳述句： 陳述句是用來陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)或表達(dá)說話人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降調(diào)，句末用句號(hào)“.”。Tom has a new car. The flower isnt beautiful. 2. 陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成(1) 如果肯定陳述句的謂語部分含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞be，則只需在這些動(dòng)詞后加not即可構(gòu)成否定式。    He is playing the guitar.（肯定）He is not playing the guitar.（否定）    We can get there before dark.

38、（肯定）     We cant get thee before dark.（否定）(2) 如果陳述句的謂語動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，而其中又沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則需根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)在該實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加dont, doesnt或didnt。同時(shí)把該實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵巍?#160;   He plays the violin well.（肯定）    He doesnt play the violin well.（否定）    She won the game.（肯定）  

39、;  She didnt win the game.（否定）(3) 如果句子是there be結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語動(dòng)詞是have（有），除了be和have之后加not之外，句中如果有some要變?yōu)閍ny。例如：There is some water in the cup. There is not any water in the cup.He has some books. He has not any books.(4) 除not以外，否定詞no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可構(gòu)成否定句。例如：There is something wrong with hi

40、s bike. There is nothing wrong with his bike.I have seen the film. I have never seen the film.二. 祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法    祈使句是用來表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議、號(hào)召等的句子，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形，句末用感嘆號(hào)“！”或句號(hào)“.”。朗讀時(shí)一般用降調(diào)。1. 肯定的祈使句：（1）祈使句主語是you時(shí)，you常省略，但如果要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)方或表達(dá)某種強(qiáng)烈的情緒時(shí)可以有主語或稱呼語。    Be quiet.     You

41、be quiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一種強(qiáng)烈的感情或請(qǐng)求，do起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。    Do come back at once!     Do be careful.（3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語氣，但please用在句末時(shí)，必須用逗號(hào)與其余部分分開。    Open the window, please.（4）Let引導(dǎo)祈使句時(shí)，后面需跟上人稱代詞或稱呼語，人稱代詞一般只用第一、第三人稱。    Let Jack wait a minute.

42、60;   Lets go to school.（5）在祈使句中，Lets和 Let us是有區(qū)別的。Lets包括說話者，而Let us不包括聽話者在內(nèi)。這點(diǎn)從反意疑問句時(shí)可明顯看出。    Lets go skating, shall we?（表示內(nèi)部的建議）    Let us try again, will you?（表示向別人發(fā)出請(qǐng)求） 2. 否定祈使句通常以Dont或Never開頭。其結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：“Dont(Never)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分” 例如： Dont do that again! Never l

43、eave todays work for tomorrow! Dont be late next time!三. 一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法1. 一般疑問句：  （1）一般疑問句的肯定形式    一般疑問句一般是指以助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞或have（有）開始，通常要求以yes，或no來回答的疑問句，一般疑問句讀時(shí)通常用升調(diào)。    Do you know Mr. Smith?     Can you swim?   （2）一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)

44、    在一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，把副詞not放在一般疑問句的主語之后。但如果用not的簡略形式-nt，則須將-nt與一般疑問句句首的be, have，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞寫在一起。在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，一般都采用簡略式。 Are you not a football fan? Arent you a football fan? Will she not like it? Wont she like it?     與漢語不同的是，英語一般疑問句否定結(jié)構(gòu)的答語是否定還是肯定，全由答語的否定或肯定來決定。若答語是肯定的，則用yes加肯定結(jié)構(gòu)；若答語

45、是否定的，則用no加否定結(jié)構(gòu)。    Arent you a football fan? 你不是足球迷嗎？Yes, I am.No, I am not.    Wont she like it?   Yes, she will. No, she wont. 2. 特殊疑問句特殊疑問句由“疑問代詞或疑問副詞+一般疑問句”構(gòu)成，句子一般用倒裝語序，但如果主語是疑問代詞或由疑問代詞修飾時(shí)，用陳述句的語序。特殊疑問句不能用yes或no回答，讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。例如：Who is on duty today? How long have yo

46、u been in Beijing?What time do you get up every morning?What must I do now?常用的特殊疑問句詢問內(nèi)容 疑問詞或句型 例    句 回   答 職業(yè)，身份 what What is your father? He is a doctor. 姓名或關(guān)系 who Who is that boy? He is Jack.He is my brother 相貌特征 whatlike? What is she like?What does she look like? She is

47、beautiful. 目的 whatfor? What did they come here for? To attend a meeting. 原因 why Why did they come here? Because they have a meeting to attend. 天氣  how whatlike? How is the weather today?What is the weather like today? Its fine. 顏色 what color？ What dolor is her skirt? Its red. 服裝尺寸 what siz

48、e What size does he wear? He wars 40. 幾點(diǎn)鐘 what time What time is it? Its 7:30. 星期幾 what day What day is today? Its Tuesday. 幾號(hào)，日期 what is the date? What is the date today? Its May 2. 年齡（多大） how old How old is he? He is 38. 持續(xù)多長時(shí)間（多久） how long How long have you been here? For five months. 長度（多長） how

49、long How long is the bridge? Its 500 metres. 距離（多遠(yuǎn)） how far How far is it from here to the zoo? Its 6 kilometres. 頻度（多經(jīng)常） how often How often do you come back? Once a week. 時(shí)間經(jīng)過（多快） how soon How soon will she arrive? In an week. 數(shù)量（多少） how many（可數(shù)名詞）how much（不可數(shù)名詞） How many jackets do you have?How m

50、uch coffee do you want? Three.Two cups. 價(jià)格 how much How much is it?How much does it cost? Five dollars. 高度（多高） how tall（人，樹）how high（山，建筑物） How tall is she?How high is the tower? Shes 1.73 metres.Its 450 metres. 3. 選擇疑問句：    選擇疑問句是說話者提出兩種或兩種以上的不同情況，讓對(duì)方選擇回答的疑問句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問句+選擇部分”。選擇部分由or連接

51、，or前面的部分讀升調(diào)，or后面的部分讀降調(diào)。    選擇疑問句不能用yes或no回答，而必須具體的選擇答復(fù)。    Is your bag yellow or black?  Its black.。    Would you like some tea or coffee?  Either will do.。    Which do you like better, singing or dancing?   I like danci

52、ng better.4. 反意疑問句：    反意疑問句是指在陳述句之后附加一個(gè)意思與之相反的簡短問句，問對(duì)方是否贊同的疑問句。附加問句的否定式必須縮寫。（1）肯定的陳述句后跟否定的附加問句，否定的陳述句后跟肯定的附加問句。    I am your teacher, arent I?     He didnt study hard, did he?（2）如果陳述句中含有否定副詞never（從不，決不），hardly（幾乎不）或其他表示否定代詞或形容詞，如nothing, none no one, nob

53、ody, neither, few, little等，則附加問句只能用肯定式。如：   They hardly write to each other, do they?    He has found nothing, has he?   Few people knew the secret, did they? （3）當(dāng)反意疑問句是“否定陳述句+肯定附加問句”時(shí)，英語與漢語的回答習(xí)慣存在差異。英語回答時(shí)只看實(shí)際情況，若答語的具體內(nèi)容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”，答語的具體內(nèi)容是否定的就用“No+否定結(jié)構(gòu)”，而譯成漢語時(shí)，則必須

54、把yes譯“不是”，把no譯成“是的”。  -You wont be away for long, will you? 你不會(huì)離開太久，是嗎？ -Yes, I will.不，我會(huì)離開很久。  -No, I wont.是的，我不會(huì)離開很久。 -I dont think shell come by bike, will she? 我認(rèn)為她不會(huì)騎自行車，會(huì)嗎？ -Yes, she will.不，她會(huì)騎自行車來。  -No, she wont.是的，她不會(huì)騎自行車來。四. 由what, how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的構(gòu)成形式、用法及區(qū)別感嘆句是表示喜、怒、哀、樂以及驚異等感情的句子

55、。句末用感嘆號(hào)“！”，讀時(shí)用降調(diào)，感嘆句往往由what或how引導(dǎo)，what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞，副詞或動(dòng)詞。1. what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：（1）what + a/an +形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句（主語+謂語）What a beautiful city it is!What an interesting story she told! （2）what+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+陳述句（主語+謂語）What expensive watches they are! What terrible weather it is! 2How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：（1）How+形容詞/副詞+陳述句（主

56、語+謂語）How cold it is!    How hard he works! （2）How+陳述句（主語+謂語）How he loves his son!How I miss you!（3）How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句（主語+謂語）How tall a tree it is! （4）上述兩種感嘆句可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：What a clever boy he is!How clever the boy is!What a cold day it is!How cold it is!【中考試題范例】1. (上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題) _ useful computer it is! A. What B. What a C. What an D. How 答案：B。該題考查的是