高中英語Unit4SharingSectionⅢGrammar——限制性定語從句教案(含解析)新人教版選修7

1、Section m Gramma限制性定語從句語境自主領(lǐng)悟先觀察原句1. I know you're dying to hear all about my life here , so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.2. The boys who had never come across anything like thisbefore started jumpingout of the windows.3. Wewalked for two and

2、a half hours to get there first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.4. The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.后自主感悟1 .所有例句中黑體部分都是限制性定語從句。2 .例句1中黑體部分包括兩個定語從句：which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表物

3、的先行詞somephotos ,在從句中作主語;I talk about是省略了關(guān)系代詞 that/which（ 在從句中作賓語）的定語從句，修飾表物的先行詞the places 。3 .例句2中黑體部分為 who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修夕表人的先行詞The boys , who在從句中作主語。4 .例句3中黑體部分為from where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表物的先行詞a ridge 。5 .例句4中黑體部分為省略了關(guān)系代詞that（在從句中作賓語）的定語從句，修飾表物的先行詞 The only possessions 。語法精要點(diǎn)撥一、定語從句的相關(guān)概念1 .定語從句在復(fù)合句中作定語修飾主句中某一名詞

4、或代詞的從句叫定語從句。2 .先行詞被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3 .關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞(that , which , who，, whom whose,as等）和關(guān)系副詞（when , where , why等）兩類。關(guān)系詞通常有三個作用：（1）連接定語從句；（2）指代先行詞；（3）在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個句子成分。4 .限制性定語從句用來修飾和限制先行詞，與先行詞之間的關(guān)系非常密切，它所修飾的先行詞代表一個（些）或一類特指的人或物，說明先行詞的性質(zhì)、身份、特征等狀況，如果去掉，則意思含混不清。She is the girl that you want to kn

5、ow .（限制性定語從句 ）她是你想認(rèn)識的女孩。He seems not to have grasped what I meant , which greatly upsets me .（ 非限制性 定語從句）他似乎沒理解我的意思，這使我很心煩。即時訓(xùn)練1用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was2017.The little girl that/whom/who I spoke to just now is my sister.、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句

6、中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜ho人主語、賓語、表語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語、表語that人或物主語、賓語、表語as人或物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物定語The old man （who/whom/that ） we visited yesterday is a famous artist.我們昨天拜訪的那位老人是位著名的藝術(shù)家。Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.王小姐正在照顧一個父母去了北京的小孩。This is the textbook （that /which ） he is

7、looking for.這就是他正在找的課本。名師點(diǎn)津定語從句中的主謂一致當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句中謂語動詞的數(shù)原則上要與先行詞保持一致，但要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：先行詞是“ one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時，關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但如有 the very , the only , the first , the last , the right 等修 飾one時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。This is one of the most interesting questionsthat have been asked.這是被問過的最有意思的問題之一。She is the o

8、nly one of the girls who studieshard.她是這些女孩中唯一一個刻苦學(xué)習(xí)的。即時訓(xùn)練2用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. We'll reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.三、使用關(guān)系代詞的注意事項(xiàng)1 . who可取代whom在從句中作動詞的賓語，也可省略。如果whom在從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞提前只能用w

9、homThis is the pilot ( who/whom) I bought a camera for. = This is the pilot for whom I bought a camera.這個就是我給他買照相機(jī)的飛行員。2 . whose既表示人又表示物，在從句中作定語，往往修飾名詞，whose常表達(dá)“某人的、某物的”之意。 whose表示物時，whose+名，BJ= the +名詞+ of which 。Please pass me the book whose cover ( = the cover of which ) is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。3 .指物

10、時用that而不用which的情況(1)當(dāng)先行詞為 all , everything , nothing , anything , something , none, few, little , much等不定代詞時。All (that ) the graduate lacks is practice.那位畢業(yè)生缺少的只是實(shí)踐。(2)當(dāng)先行詞被 very , both , the only , all等修飾時。This is the only coat that I have.這是我擁有的唯一的外套。(3)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級修飾或序數(shù)詞修飾時。This is the most attra

11、ctive match that I have watched.這是我所看過的比賽中最吸引人的一場。(4)當(dāng)并列的兩個先行詞(分別表示人和物時)被同一個從句修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用that oShe took photos of people and things (that ) she was interested in.她給她所感興趣的人和物拍照。(5)主句是以who, which , what開頭的特殊疑問句時，定語從句一般用that引導(dǎo)，不用 who 或 which 。Whowas the person that helped the girl out?幫助那個女孩擺脫困境的是誰？(6)當(dāng)關(guān)

12、系代詞在從句中作表語時，常用 that。Your disease is not the case that it used to be.你的病已經(jīng)不是過去的情況了。4 .用as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的情況(1)such + 名詞+ as."像一樣的”Do you have such books as we like?你有我們喜歡的那種書嗎？(2)the same +名詞+ as."和同樣”It's the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.他/她就是我們昨天要找的人。(3)as +形容詞+名詞+ as. “像一樣的”S

13、he will marry as wealthy a man as she can find.她將嫁給一個她能找到的有錢人。5 .用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況有時從句中的介詞可以提前到關(guān)系代詞之前，形成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)系代詞可以用which , whose, whom不可以用that。其選擇依據(jù)如下：(1)根據(jù)定語從句中動詞或形容詞等的習(xí)慣搭配。I bought a great many books on which I spent all my money that I saved.我買了很多書，這些書花光了我所有的積蓄。(2)依據(jù)與先行詞的搭配。This is the

14、camera with which he often takes photos.這就是他經(jīng)常用來拍照的相機(jī)。(3)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意義。This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.這就是救了我兒子的那位飛行員。即時訓(xùn)練3用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses. She is such

15、a nice girl as we all_like.四、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法關(guān)系副詞when, why, where在定語從句中分別代替表示時間、原因、地點(diǎn)的先行詞，并分別在從句中作時間、原因、地點(diǎn)狀語。另外關(guān)系副詞也可根據(jù)其在句中的搭配關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)換 成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。關(guān)系副詞被代替的先行詞在從句中的作用when表示時間的名詞時間狀語where表示地點(diǎn)的名詞地點(diǎn)狀語why表示原因的名詞（只用 reason）原因狀語We don't know the exact time when ( = at which ) the English Evening will be held.我

16、們不知道英語晚會舉行的確切時間。(時間狀語)Beijing is the place where ( = in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。(地點(diǎn)狀語)Is this the reason why ( = for which ) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？(原因狀語)名師點(diǎn)津先行詞是time的情況當(dāng)先行詞是time時，若time表示“次數(shù)”，應(yīng)用 that引導(dǎo)定語從句，并且 that可以 省略；若time表示"一段時間"講，應(yīng)用 when或“at/during + which"引導(dǎo)定語從句。

17、This is the second time ( that ) the president has visited the country.這是這位總統(tǒng)第二次訪問這個國家。This is a time when/during which there were no radios , no telephones or no TV sets.這是在一個沒有收音機(jī)，沒有電話，也沒有電視的時代。即時訓(xùn)練4用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空The next day , my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some peopleplay volleyb

18、all. I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.We don't know the reason why they didn't keep their promise.五、使用關(guān)系副詞的注意事項(xiàng)1 .當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的the way時，從句不能用how來引導(dǎo)，應(yīng)該用that或in which ,或省略不用。We admire the way (that/in which ) he solved the problem.我們

19、敬佩他解決這一問題的方式。2 .表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞 (case , scene , situation , condition , life , point 等)作先行 詞，且從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語時，常用關(guān)系副詞 where引導(dǎo)定語從句。There are cases where ( = in which ) the word “mighty" is use d as an adverb.在一些情況下，mighty 一詞可用作副詞。3 . occasion , period等作先行詞時，且從句中缺少時間狀語，常用關(guān)系副詞wheruThere are occasions when ( =

20、 on which ) one must yield.任何人者B有不得不屈服的時候。(時間狀語)即時訓(xùn)練5用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 Today we'll discuss some cases where parents have difficulty in communicating with their kids.The way that he looks at problems is wrong.(3)Describe an occasion when you had to give a presentation to an audience.語法應(yīng)用®弟實(shí)iwjBTSMII

21、.單句語法填空1. That is the girl to whom you talked just now.2. Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate?3. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.4. The main school holidays are from Mid-December till early Februarywhen

22、 thedays are long and warm.5. It is the first American film that I've ever seen.6. Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.7. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which/that allows them to communicate freely with each other.8. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.9. Do you know the reason why he was so sorry?10. The English play in which my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.n.用限制性定語從句合并