高三英語語法定從專題講練

1、高三英語語法專題講練定語從句編制人： 審核人： 序號：4 班級: 姓名: 小組:一 定語從句的基本概念1. 定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行 詞后面。2. 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的那個名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。3. 關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；關(guān)系副詞：where, when, why等。關(guān)系詞常有三個作用：引導(dǎo)定語從句；代替先行詞；在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分。Harry Potter is the most interesting nove

2、l that I have read. (that I have read是定語從句；novel是先行詞；that 是關(guān)系代詞，代替先行詞novel，在從句中作have read的賓語。)二 關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句限制性定語從句形式上不用逗號和主句隔開，是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確，翻譯成先行詞的定語，“的”。非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，通常翻譯成主句的并列句。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。1）當(dāng)先行詞為整個句子時，只能用非限制性定語從句。引導(dǎo)這類從句的關(guān)系代詞只有as和which。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定

3、語從句位置靈活，可置于句首、句中和句末，譯作“正如，正像”。而which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句不能置于句首，譯作“這”。常用形式：as we can see(正如我們所看到的),as we had expected(正如我們所預(yù)料的),as is often the case(情況常常如此),as is reported in the newspaper(正如報(bào)紙報(bào)道的那樣),as is well known/as we all know(眾所周知),as the saying goes(俗話說)等。2）as也可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，常用于下列句式： such + 名詞+ as the same

4、 + 名詞+ as ；She must pay for what she has done, which / as is natural. She, as we all know, can speak three foreign languages.As was pointed out, this kind of substance(物質(zhì)) is poisonous.This is the same book as I lost yesterday. ( the s

5、ameas 表示與同樣，但不是同一個)This is the same book that I lost yesterday. ( the samethat 表示同一個，就是那一個)三“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，關(guān)系代詞一般只有which，whom。先行詞是物時，用which，先行詞是人時，用whom。that與 who 不能用在介詞后。介詞的選擇1） 依據(jù)定語從句中動詞與形容詞的搭配習(xí)慣來確定。I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved. (spend on)

6、Ours is a beautiful country, of which we are greatly proud. (be proud of)2) 依據(jù)與先行詞搭配的具體意義而定。Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.3）“名詞/代詞+ of + 關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在非限制性定語從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時，可以用“名詞/代詞+ of + 關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的有some/ several / a few/ a little/ many/ more/ most/ the larg

7、est of which/ whom等形式。There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.He paid the boy10 for washing ten windows,most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year4）whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“of + 關(guān)系代詞”They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. = They live in a ho

8、use, of which the door opens to the south. = They live in a house, the door of which opens to the south.四關(guān)系副詞where ,when 和why 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞除了起連接先行詞和從句的作用外，它們還有一個重要的作用，那就是在定語從中充當(dāng)成分。具體地說，關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語。因此在選擇引導(dǎo)詞時，如果從句中不缺主語或賓語，那么一定用關(guān)系副詞；在實(shí)際的運(yùn)用中，when 相當(dāng)于on /in / at/ during which， where 相當(dāng)于in/ at/ on/ u

9、nder which ，why相當(dāng)于for which。1. What do you think of teaching, Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.  (2009北京)A. where                  B. which&#

10、160;                 C. when                   D. that2. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star h

11、otels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (2009江蘇)  A. if               B. when             C. which        

12、0;    D. since五that 與which 的使用區(qū)別只能用that的情況：1.先行詞為不定代詞little，much，all，everything，anything，nothingFinally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時，用that。This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.This is the first time that we have met.3.先行詞被the only，the

13、 very，the last 修飾時，用that。He is the only person that I want to see now.4.先行詞同時指人和指物時，用that。We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.5.主句是以which,who,what開頭的特殊疑問句時Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.6.如有兩個定語從句,其中一個已用which引導(dǎo),另一個宜用that .Edison built up a factory which produced

14、 things that had never been seen before.7.在there be句型中,只用that.He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.不能用that 的情況：1. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，不使用that. 2. 在非限制定語從句中，不使用that.多項(xiàng)選擇1.【2013北京】Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. w

15、hose D. where2.【2013江蘇】The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A. where B. which C. what D. when3.【2013山東】There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where 4.【2013天津】We have launched ano

16、ther man-made satellite, _ is announced in todays newspaper. A. that B. which C. who D. what5.【2013浙江】The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom6.【2013重慶】John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of_ are family me

17、mbers.A them B. that C. which D. whom7.【2012山東】Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what8.【2012陜西】It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what9.【2012浙江】We live in an age

18、more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 10.【2013江西】He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident.A. what B. which C. where D. how11. 【2011浙江】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of_ uses its

19、omewhat differently . A. which B. what C. them D. those12. 【2011江西】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years. A. for whichB. with which C. of which D. to which13. 【2011福建】It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace

20、hall of the wedding ceremony.A. thatB.whenC. sinceD. before14. 【2011湖南】Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that15. 【2011天津】The days are gone_ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. which16. 【2014 安徽

21、】The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. A. when B. where C. why D.which17. 【2014北京】I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me. A.who B.which C.when D.where18. 【2014福建】Students should involve themselves in community

22、activities they can gain experience for growth. A.who B.when C.which D.where19. 【2014福建】 I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. A.as B.why C.when D.where20. 【2014江蘇】 The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a g

23、ood impression is a must. A.which B.when C.as D.where21. 【2014山東】A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A.which B.whose C.who D.why22. 【2014陜西】 Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position. A.that B.which C.as D.what完成句子1.

24、（2013湖北）Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two me greatly. (influence) 上學(xué)時我遇到過很多老師，其中二位對我影響很大。2.（2013山東）Finally he reached a lonely island _from the outside world. (cut) 最后他到達(dá)一個完全與世隔絕的孤島。3.（2013新課標(biāo)I）”You cant judge a book by its cover”, _ . (go)正如古語所說,人不能以貌取人。4. (2012天津)I wish

25、to thank Professor Smith, _I would never have got this far. (help) 我真得感謝史密斯教授。如果沒有他的幫助，我就永遠(yuǎn)不會（在學(xué)術(shù)上）走這么遠(yuǎn)的。5. (2012四川)In our class there are 46 students,_ wear glasses. (half) 在我們班上的46個學(xué)生當(dāng)中，一半都帶眼鏡。6.(2012江蘇)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. （need）洪水過后，那個地區(qū)的人們?nèi)淌苤薮蟮耐纯啵藗兤惹行枰鍧嵉乃?，藥品棲身的臨時住所。7.(2012福建)The air quality in